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(make known suddenly)

Толкование Перевод

1 spring

1. noun
1) (season) Frühling, der

in spring 1969, in the spring of 1969 — im Frühjahr 1969

in early/late spring — zu Anfang/Ende des Frühjahrs

last/next spring — letzten/nächsten Frühling

in [the] spring — im Frühling od. Frühjahr

2) (source, lit. or fig.) Quelle, die

3) (Mech.) Feder, die

springs — (vehicle suspension) Federung, die

4) (jump) Sprung, der

make a spring at somebody/at an animal — sich auf jemanden/ein Tier stürzen

5) (elasticity) Elastizität, die

walk with a spring in one's step — mit beschwingten Schritten gehen
2. intransitive verb,
sprang or (Amer.) sprung, sprung

1) (jump) springen

spring [up] from something — von etwas aufspringen

spring to one's feet — aufspringen

spring to somebody's assistance/defence — jemandem beispringen

spring to life — (fig.) [plötzlich] zum Leben erwachen

2) (arise) entspringen ( from Dat.); [Saat, Hoffnung:] keimen

spring to fame — über Nacht bekannt werden

spring to mind — jemandem einfallen

3) (recoil)

spring back into position — zurückschnellen

spring to or shut — [Tür, Falle, Deckel:] zuschnappen
3. transitive verb,
sprang or (Amer.) sprung, sprung

1) (make known suddenly)

spring a new idea on somebody — jemanden mit einer neuen Idee überfallen

spring a surprise on somebody — jemanden überraschen

2) aufspringen lassen [Schloss]; zuschnappen lassen [Falle]

3) (coll.): (set free) herausholen ( from aus)

Phrasal Verbs:

- academic.ru/91981/spring_back">spring back

- spring from

- spring up

* * *
[spriŋ] 1. past tense - sprang; verb
1) (to jump, leap or move swiftly (usually upwards): She sprang into the boat.) springen

2) (to arise or result from: His bravery springs from his love of adventure.) entspringen

3) (to (cause a trap to) close violently: The trap must have sprung when the hare stepped in it.) zuschnappen
2. noun
1) (a coil of wire or other similar device which can be compressed or squeezed down but returns to its original shape when released: a watch-spring; the springs in a chair.) die Feder

2) (the season of the year between winter and summer when plants begin to flower or grow leaves: Spring is my favourite season.) der Frühling

3) (a leap or sudden movement: The lion made a sudden spring on its prey.) der Sprung

4) (the ability to stretch and spring back again: There's not a lot of spring in this old trampoline.) die Elastizität

5) (a small stream flowing out from the ground.) die Quelle

•

- springy
- springiness
- sprung
- springboard
- spring cleaning
- springtime
- spring up
* * *

spring

[sprɪŋ]

I. n

1. (season) Frühling m

in the \spring im Frühling

2. TECH (part in machine) Feder f

3. (elasticity) Sprungkraft f, Elastizität f

to have [or walk with] a \spring in one's step beschwingt gehen

4. (source of water) Quelle f

II. n modifier

1. (of season) (fashion, flowers, weather) Frühlings-

\spring thaw Frühlingstauwetter nt

2. (of water source) (water) Quell-

3. (with springs) (seat) gefedert

\spring mattress Federkernmatratze f veraltend

III. vi

<sprang or AM also sprung, sprung>

1. (move quickly) springen

to \spring into action den Betrieb aufnehmen

to \spring to sb's defence zu jds Verteidigung eilen

to \spring to one's feet aufspringen

to \spring open aufspringen

to \spring shut zufallen

2. (suddenly appear) auftauchen

where did you \spring from? wo kommst du denn plötzlich her?

to \spring to mind in den Kopf schießen

3. ( old: attack)

▪ to \spring on [or upon] sb jdn angreifen

4. (have as source)

▪ to \spring from sth von etw dat herrühren

IV. vt

▪ to \spring sth

1. (operate) etw auslösen

to \spring a trap eine Falle zuschnappen lassen

2. (suddenly do)

▪ to \spring sth on [or upon] sb jdn mit etw dat überfallen fig

to \spring the news on sb jdn mit Neuigkeiten überfallen

3. (provide with springs)

▪ to \spring sth etw federn

4. ( fam: help to escape)

▪ to \spring sb jdn rausholen fam

5. (leaking)

to \spring a leak ship [plötzlich] ein Leck bekommen; pipe [plötzlich] undicht werden

* * *
[sprɪŋ] vb: pret sprang or ( US) sprung, ptp sprung
1. n

1) (lit, fig liter: source) Quelle f;

2) (= season) Frühling m, Frühjahr nt, Lenz m (poet)

in (the) spring —

spring is in the air in the spring of his life — der Frühling liegt in der Luft, der Lenz hält seinen Einzug (poet) im Frühling seines Lebens, im Lenz des Lebens (poet)

3) (= leap) Sprung m, Satz m

to make a spring at sb/sth — sich auf jdn/etw stürzen

4) (MECH) Feder f; (in mattress, seat etc) (Sprung)feder f

springs (Aut) — Federung f

5) no pl (= bounciness of chair) Federung f; (of wood, grass etc) Nachgiebigkeit f, Elastizität f

to walk with a spring in one's step — mit federnden Schritten gehen

the news put an extra spring in his step — die Nachricht beflügelte seine Schritte

2. adj attr

1) (seasonal) Frühlings-

a spring day — ein Frühlingstag m

2) (= with springs) gefedert

spring mattress — Federkernmatratze f

3. vt

1) (= leap over) überspringen, springen über (+acc)

2) (= put springs in) federn

3) (= cause to operate) auslösen; mine explodieren lassen; lock, mousetrap etc zuschnappen lassen

to spring a leak (pipe) — (plötzlich) undicht werden; (ship) (plötzlich) ein Leck bekommen

to spring sth on sb ( fig, idea, decision ) — jdn mit etw konfrontieren

to spring a piece of news on sb — jdn mit einer Neuigkeit überraschen

to spring a surprise on sb — jdn völlig überraschen

4) (inf: free) rausholen (inf)

4. vi

1) (= leap) springen; (= be activated) ausgelöst werden; (mousetrap) zuschnappen

to spring at sb — jdn anspringen

to spring out at sb — auf jdn losspringen

to spring open —

to be poised to spring (lit, fig) — sprungbereit sein

to spring into the saddle — sich in den Sattel schwingen

to spring to one's feet — aufspringen

to spring out of bed — aus dem Bett hüpfen

tears sprang to her eyes — ihr schossen die Tränen in die Augen

his hand sprang to his gun — er griff (schnell) zur Waffe

an oath sprang to his lips — ein Fluch drängte sich auf seine Lippen (geh)

to spring into action — aktiv werden; (police, fire brigade etc) in Aktion treten

to spring to attention (Mil) —

to spring to arms — zu den Waffen eilen

to spring into view — plötzlich in Sicht kommen

to spring to mind — einem einfallen

to spring to sb's aid/defence — jdm zu Hilfe eilen

he sprang to fame — er wurde plötzlich berühmt

to spring (in)to life — (plötzlich) lebendig werden

the debate sprang (in)to life — es kam plötzlich Leben in die Debatte

2) (= issue also spring forth liter water, blood) (hervor)quellen (from aus); (fire, sparks) sprühen (from aus); (shoot) (hervor)sprießen (from aus); (from family etc) abstammen (from von); (fig, idea) entstehen (from aus); (interest, irritability etc) herrühren (from von)

where did you spring from? (inf) — wo kommst du denn her?

to spring into existence — (plötzlich or rasch) entstehen

* * *

spring [sprıŋ]

A v/i prät sprang [spræŋ], US auch sprung [sprʌŋ], pperf sprung

1. springen:

spring at sich stürzen auf (akk);

spring to sb’s defence (US defense) jemandem zur Hilfe eilen;

spring to one’s feet aufspringen;

he sprang to life fig plötzlich kam Leben in ihn

2. oft spring up aufspringen, -fahren

3. (dahin-)springen, (-)schnellen, hüpfen

4. meist spring back zurückschnellen (Ast etc):

the door (lid) sprang open die Tür (der Deckel) sprang auf;

the trap sprang die Falle schnappte zu

5. oft spring forth ( oder out)

a) herausschießen, (-)sprudeln (Wasser, Blut etc),

b) (heraus)sprühen, springen (Funken etc)

6. meist spring up

a) (plötzlich) aufkommen (Wind etc),

b) fig plötzlich entstehen oder aufkommen, aus dem Boden schießen (Industrie, Idee etc)

7. aufschießen (Pflanzen etc)

8. (from) entspringen (dat):

a) quellen (aus)

b) fig herkommen, stammen (von):

his actions sprang from a false conviction seine Handlungen entsprangen einer falschen Überzeugung;

where did you spring from? wo kommst du plötzlich her?

9. abstammen ( from von)

10. ARCH sich wölben (Bogen)

11. (hoch) aufragen

12. auffliegen (Rebhühner etc)

13. TECH

a) sich werfen oder biegen

b) springen, aufplatzen (Holz)

14. MIL explodieren, losgehen (Mine)

B v/t

1. springen lassen

2. etwas zurückschnellen lassen

3. eine Falle zuschnappen lassen

4. ein Werkzeugteil etc herausspringen lassen

5. zerbrechen, spalten

6. einen Riss etc, SCHIFF ein Leck bekommen

7. (mit Gewalt) biegen

8. explodieren lassen: → mine² C 2

9. fig mit einer Neuigkeit etc herausplatzen umg:

spring sth on sb

a) jemandem etwas plötzlich eröffnen,

b) jemanden mit etwas überraschen;

spring an offer on sb jemandem ein überraschendes Angebot machen

10. eine Quelle etc freilegen

11. JAGD aufscheuchen

12. ARCH einen Bogen wölben

13. TECH (ab)federn

14. Br umg Geld etc springen lassen

15. Br umg jemanden erleichtern ( for um):

spring sb for a pound

16. sl (from) jemanden befreien (aus, fig von), einen Häftling rausholen (aus dem Knast)

C s

1. Sprung m, Satz m:

make a spring at sich stürzen auf (akk)

2. Zurückschnellen n

3. Elastizität f:

there is not much spring in it es ist nicht sehr elastisch, es federt nicht gut;

with a spring in one’s step beschwingt

4. fig (geistige) Spannkraft

5. a) Sprung m, Riss m, Spalt m

b) Krümmung f (eines Brettes etc)

6. (auch Mineral-, Öl) Quelle f, Brunnen m: → hot spring

7. fig Quelle f, Ursprung m

8. fig Triebfeder f, Beweggrund m

9. ARCH

a) (Bogen)Wölbung f

b) Gewölbeanfang m

10. TECH ( besonders Sprung)Feder f

11. Frühling m (auch fig), Frühjahr n:

the spring of life;

in spring im Frühling

D adj

1. Frühlings…

2. a) federnd, elastisch

b) Feder…

3. Sprung…

4. Schwung…

* * *
1. noun
1) (season) Frühling, der

in spring 1969, in the spring of 1969 — im Frühjahr 1969

in early/late spring — zu Anfang/Ende des Frühjahrs

last/next spring — letzten/nächsten Frühling

in [the] spring — im Frühling od. Frühjahr

2) (source, lit. or fig.) Quelle, die

3) (Mech.) Feder, die

springs — (vehicle suspension) Federung, die

4) (jump) Sprung, der

make a spring at somebody/at an animal — sich auf jemanden/ein Tier stürzen

5) (elasticity) Elastizität, die

walk with a spring in one's step — mit beschwingten Schritten gehen
2. intransitive verb,
sprang or (Amer.) sprung, sprung

1) (jump) springen

spring [up] from something — von etwas aufspringen

spring to one's feet — aufspringen

spring to somebody's assistance/defence — jemandem beispringen

spring to life — (fig.) [plötzlich] zum Leben erwachen

2) (arise) entspringen ( from Dat.); [Saat, Hoffnung:] keimen

spring to fame — über Nacht bekannt werden

spring to mind — jemandem einfallen

3) (recoil)

spring back into position — zurückschnellen

spring to or shut — [Tür, Falle, Deckel:] zuschnappen
3. transitive verb,
sprang or (Amer.) sprung, sprung

1) (make known suddenly)

spring a new idea on somebody — jemanden mit einer neuen Idee überfallen

spring a surprise on somebody — jemanden überraschen

2) aufspringen lassen [Schloss]; zuschnappen lassen [Falle]

3) (coll.): (set free) herausholen ( from aus)

Phrasal Verbs:

- spring back

- spring from

- spring up

* * *

n.

Feder -n f.

Frühjahr -e n.

Frühling -e m.

Lenz -e m.

Quelle -n f.

Sprung -¨e m. (from) v.

herstammen (von) v. v.

(§ p.,p.p.: sprang)

or p.p.: sprung•) = schnellen v.

springen v.

English-german dictionary > spring
2 coger

v.

1 to take.

coger a alguien de la mano to take somebody by the hand

coge esta bolsa un momento hold this bag a moment

¿puedes coger el teléfono, por favor? could you pick the phone up o answer the phone, please?

Ella cogió una rama She caught a branch.

Ella cogió impulso para despegar She took impulse to lift off.

2 to catch (atrapar) (ladrón, pez, pájaro).

¿a que no me coges? bet you can't catch me!

Ella cogió un ratón con su ratonera She caught a mouse with her mousetrap.

Ella cogió una enfermedad contagiosa She caught a contagious disease.

3 to catch up with (alcanzar) (persona, vehículo).

4 to pick up (recoger) (objeto caído).

se me ha caído el bolígrafo, ¿me lo puedes coger? I've dropped my pen, could you pick it up for me?

5 to take (quedarse con) (propina, empleo, piso).

llegaremos pronto para coger buen sitio we'll get there early to get a good seat

6 to take on (contratar) (personal).

7 to take.

¿quién me ha cogido el lápiz? who's taken my pencil?

te he cogido la calculadora un momento I've just borrowed your calculator for a moment

8 to take, to catch.

no me gusta coger el avión I don't like flying

9 to catch, to get (contraer) (gripe, resfriado).

coger una borrachera to get drunk

coger frío to get cold

10 to start to feel (sentir) (manía, odio, afecto).

coger cariño/miedo a to become fond/scared of

11 to knock over, to run over.

12 to catch.

no cogió el chiste he didn't get the joke

13 to get, to receive (sintonizar) (canal, emisora).

14 to cover, to take up (abarcar) (espacio).

15 to screw, to fuck. ( Latin American Spanish)

16 to be.

coge muy cerca de aquí it's not very far from here

17 to catch on, to understand, to catch.

Ella cogió la conversación She caught on the conversation.

18 to have.

Nos cogió un acceso de tos We had a coughing fit.

* * *

coger

Conjugation model [ PROTEGER], like link=proteger proteger

► verbo transitivo

1 (asir) to seize, take hold of

■ coge al bebé hold the baby

2 (apresar) to capture, catch

3 (tomar) to take

■ coger un empleo to take a job

■ coge algo para beber take a drink

4 (contratar) to take on

■ cogimos a una secretaria we took on a secretary

5 (tren etc) to catch

6 (tomar prestado) to borrow

■ te he cogido el libro I've borrowed your book

7 (recolectar frutos etc) to pick; (del suelo) to gather

8 (enfermedad, balón) to catch

■ cogí un resfriado I caught a cold

9 (acento, costumbres) to pick up

10 (velocidad, fuerza) to gather

11 (atropellar) to run over, knock down

12 (emisora, canal) to pick up, get

■ coger la BBC to get the BBC

13 (notas) to take, take down

14 (oír) to catch

■ no he cogido lo que ha dicho I didn't catch what she said

15 (entender) to understand, get

■ no cogí el final I didn't get the end

16 ESPAÑOL AMERICANO tabú to fuck

► verbo intransitivo

1 (plantas, colores) to take

■ el limonero no ha cogido the lemon tree didn't take

2 (ir) to turn, take, go

■ coge a la izquierda turn left

■ coge todo recto go straight on

3 familiar (caber) to fit

■ coge allí it fits there

■ no cogemos todos there isn't room for all of us

► verbo pronominal cogerse

1 (pillarse) to catch

2 (agarrarse) to hold on

■ cógete fuerte hold on tight

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

coger algo por los pelos figurado to just make something

■ cogimos el tren por los pelos we just made the train

coger del brazo a alguien to take somebody by the arm, grab somebody by the arm

coger cariño a algo/alguien to become fond of something/somebody, take a liking to something/somebody

coger desprevenido,-a figurado to catch unawares

coger miedo a algo to become afraid of something

coger por sorpresa to catch by surprise

coger puntos (de media etc) to pick up stitches

coger una borrachera familiar to get drunk

coger una manía a alguien familiar to take a dislike to somebody

coger y... familiar to up and..., go and...

■ cogió y se fue she upped and left

■ y entonces coge y lo insulta so then she goes and insults him

cogerse un cabreo familiar to get very angry

no hay por dónde cogerlo he hasn't got a leg to stand on

* * *

verb

1) to take

2) seize

3) catch

4) gather

5) pick

* * *
Para las expresiones coger desprevenido, coger in fraganti, ver la otra entrada.
1. VERBO TRANSITIVO

1) (=con la mano)

a) (=tomar) to take

¿puedo coger este? — can I take this one?

coger un libro de un estante — to take a book from a shelf

coge un poco más de queso — have a bit more cheese

• coger a algn de la [mano] — to take sb by the hand

ir cogidos de la mano — to walk along holding hands {o} hand in hand

b) (=levantar) to pick up

cogió la guitarra y se puso a tocar — he picked up the guitar and started to play

coge al niño, que está llorando — pick up the baby, he's crying

cogió el bolso y salió de casa — she picked up her handbag and went out

c) [con fuerza] to grasp

la cogió por la muñeca y no la soltó — he grabbed her by the wrist and wouldn't let go

d) (=sostener) to hold

coge bien el bolígrafo — hold the biro properly

no ha cogido un fusil en la vida — he's never held a gun in his life

2) (=escoger) to pick

cogió el azul — she picked the blue one

coge el que más te guste — take {o} pick the one you like best

has cogido un mal momento — you've picked a bad time

3) [+ flor, fruta] to pick

4) (=quitar) [gen] to take; (=pedir prestado) to borrow

me coge siempre las cerillas — he's always taking my matches

¿quién ha cogido el periódico? — who's taken the newspaper?

¿te puedo coger el bolígrafo? — can I borrow your pen?

te he cogido la regla — I've borrowed your ruler, I've pinched your ruler *

5) (=apuntar) to take (down)

cogió la dirección del cliente — she took (down) the customer's address

coger apuntes — to take notes

6) esp Esp (=conseguir) to get

¿nos coges dos entradas? — would you get us two tickets?

cógeme un buen sitio — get me a good place

he cogido un billete de avión — I've bought an air ticket

• coger [hora] para el dentista/en la peluquería — to make an appointment to see {o} with the dentist/at the hairdresser's

7) (=adquirir)

a) [+ enfermedad] to catch

coger un resfriado — to catch a cold

el niño cogió sarampión — the child got {o} caught measles

• coger [frío] — to get cold

• ha cogido una [insolación] — she's got sunstroke

b) [+ costumbre, hábito] to get into; [+ acento] to pick up

ha cogido la costumbre de morderse las uñas — she has got into the habit of biting her nails

ha cogido la manía de las quinielas — he's caught the pools craze

cogieron acento irlandés — they picked up an Irish accent

c) [+ fuerzas] to gather; [+ velocidad] to gather, pick up

8) (=atrapar)

a) esp Esp [+ persona, pez, balón] to catch

¡coge la pelota! — catch the ball!

¡por fin te he cogido! — caught you at last!

les cogieron con varios kilos de heroína — they were caught with several kilos of heroin

b) esp Esp [toro] (=cornear) to gore; (=voltear) to toss

c) esp Esp [coche] (=atropellar) to knock down, run over

d) (Mil) to take prisoner, capture

han cogido a quince soldados — fifteen soldiers have been taken prisoner {o} have been captured

9) esp Esp (=sorprender) to catch

la cogieron robando — they caught her stealing

coger a algn en una mentira — to catch sb lying, catch sb in a lie

la guerra nos cogió en Francia — the war found {o} caught us in France

la noche nos cogió todavía en el mar — the night caught us still at sea

antes que nos coja la noche — before night overtakes us {o} comes down on us

- coger a algn detrás de la puerta

- coger de nuevas a algn

10) (=empezar a sentir)

• coger [aversión] a algo — to take a strong dislike to sth

• coger [cariño] a algn — to grow {o} become fond of sb, become attached to sb

• coger [celos] de algn — to become jealous of sb

11) (=tomarse) to take

no sé si podré coger vacaciones — I don't know if I'll be able to take any holidays

¿vas a coger fiesta mañana? — are you going to take tomorrow off?, are you going to take the day off tomorrow?

12) (=entender) [+ sentido, giro] to get

¿no has cogido el chiste? — don't you get the joke?

13) esp Esp (=aceptar) [+ empleados, trabajo] to take on; [+ alumnos] to take in; [+ pacientes] [en hospital] to take in; [en consultorio] to take on

acabo de coger una secretaria nueva — I've just taken on a new secretary

14) (=alquilar) to take, rent

cogimos un apartamento — we took {o} rented an apartment

15) (=viajar en) [+ tren, avión, autobús] to take

vamos a coger el tren — let's take {o} get the train

quiero coger el tren de las tres — I want to catch the three o'clock train

16) (=ir por) to take

coja la primera calle a la derecha — take the first street on the right

no cojas las curvas tan rápido — don't take the bends so fast

17) (=recibir) [+ emisora, canal] to pick up, get

con esta radio cogemos Radio Praga — we can pick up {o} get Radio Prague on this set

18) (=retener) [+ polvo] to gather, collect

esta moqueta coge mucho polvo — this carpet gathers {o} collects a lot of dust

los perros cogen pulgas — dogs get {o} catch fleas

19) (=aprender) to pick up

los niños lo cogen todo enseguida — children pick things up very quickly

20) (=incorporarse a)

cogí la conferencia a la mitad — I joined the discussion halfway through

cogí la obra casi al final — the play was almost over when I got there

21) Méx, Arg, Ven *** [sexualmente] to fuck ***, screw ***

2. VERBO INTRANSITIVO

1) (=estar) to be

¿coge muy lejos de aquí? — is it very far from here?

el cine coge bastante cerca — the cinema is quite near here

el banco me coge de camino — the bank's on my way

2) (=ir)

• coger [por], cogió por esta calle — he went down this street

3) Esp * (=caber) to fit

aquí no coge — there's no room for it here, it doesn't fit (in) here

4) [planta] to take

5) Méx, Arg, Ven *** [sexualmente] to fuck ***, screw ***

6)

- cogió y se fue

3.

See:

cogerse

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

Sentido I

1) (esp Esp)

a) ( tomar) to take

lo cogió del brazo — she took him by the arm

coge un folleto — pick up o take a leaflet

esto no hay or no tiene por donde cogerlo — (fam) I just don't know where to start with this

b) ( quitar) (+ me/te/le etc) to take

siempre me está cogiendo los lápices — she's always taking my pencils

c) <flores/fruta> to pick; < levantar> to pick up

coge esa revista del suelo — pick that magazine up off the floor

cogió al niño en brazos — she picked the child up in her arms

coger a alguien en autostop — (Esp) to pick up a hitchhiker

no cogen el teléfono — (Esp) they're not answering the phone

2) (esp Esp) (alcanzar, atrapar)

a) <ladrón/terrorista> to catch

b) < pelota> to catch

c) <pescado/liebre> to catch

d) toro to gore

3) (esp Esp)

a) ( descubrir) to catch

lo cogieron in fraganti/robando — he was caught red-handed/stealing

b) ( encontrar) to catch

me cogió de buenas — she caught me in a good mood

la noticia nos cogió en París — we were in Paris when we got the news

4)

a) <tren/autobús/taxi> to catch, take

b) <calle/camino> to take

coge la primera a la derecha — take the first right

5) (Esp fam)

a) (sacar, obtener) <billete/entrada> to get

coger hora para el médico — to make an appointment to see the doctor

b) ( traer)

vete a coger el coche — go and get o bring the car

c) ( ocupar)

coger sitio — to save a place

coge la vez en la cola — take your turn in the line (AmE) o (BrE) queue

cogió la delantera — he took the lead

Sentido II

6) (Esp)

a) ( aceptar) <dinero/trabajo/casa> to take

no puedo coger más clases — I can't take on any more classes

b) ( admitir) to take

ya no cogen más niños en ese colegio — they're not taking any more children at that school now

c) ( atender)

no pudieron cogerme en la peluquería — they couldn't fit me in at the hairdresser's

7) (esp Esp) ( adquirir)

a) < enfermedad> to catch; < insolación> to get

vas a coger frío — you'll catch cold

cogí una borrachera — I got plastered (colloq)

cogió un berrinche — she had a temper tantrum

b) <polvo/suciedad> to collect, gather

coger algo de color — ( broncearse) to get a bit of color

c) < acento> to pick up; <costumbre/vicio> to pick up; < ritmo> to get into

le cogí cariño — I got quite fond of him

cogerle manía a alguien — to take a dislike to somebody

cogerla con alguien — to take it out on somebody

cogerla por hacer algo — (Ven fam) to take to doing something

8) (esp Esp) ( captar)

a) <sentido/significado> to get

b) < emisora> to pick up, get

9) (Méx, RPl, Ven vulg) to screw (vulg), to fuck (vulg)
2.
coger vi

1) (esp Esp) planta to take; tinte/permanente to take

2)

a) (esp Esp)

cojo/cogió y... — (fam)

si empiezas con eso cojo y me voy — if you're going to start talking about that, I'm off o (AmE) I'm taking off (colloq)

de repente cogió y se fue — suddenly he upped and went (colloq)

cogió y se puso a llorar — she (suddenly) burst into tears

b) (esp Esp) ( por un camino)

coge por esta calle y... — take this street and...

c) (Esp fam) ( caber) to fit

3) (Méx, RPl, Ven vulg) to screw (vulg), to fuck (vulg)
3.
cogerse v pron (esp Esp)

a) (agarrarse, sujetarse) to hold on

cógete de la barandilla — hold on to the railing

b) (recípr)

ir cogidos de la mano — to walk hand in hand

* * *

= pick up, seize, take, trap, brace, catch, grab, pick, entrap, hop on, pull from, pull off, reach out, grasp.

Ex. Then these suggestion can be picked up by the editor, and communicated to the author.

Ex. A vague sensation of apprehension seized the newly appointed personnel officer as she knocked on the director's door.

Ex. If we take Cindi, Albert will almost surely grieve.

Ex. If the borrower being processed has been set to be trapped, DOBIS/LIBIS displays the message: 'You have trapped a borrower'.

Ex. The cheeks were braced from their tops to the ceiling, to prevent the press from twisting or shifting about in use.

Ex. 'And of course,' said the director, brightening as his idea gave birth to another one in her mind, 'it will be interesting to know how efficient electronic systems are at catching thieves'.

Ex. If we move fast, we can grab the space for the library.

Ex. The network itself is assumed to be unreliable; any portion of the network could disappear at any moment ( pick your favorite catastrophe -- these days backhoes cutting cables are more of a threat than bombs).

Ex. Librarians have been known to devote time to entrap and arrest individuals who use the library toilets for sexual purposes = Hay casos de bibliotecarios que han dedicado tiempo a atrapar y detener a individuos que utilizan los servicios de la biblioteca con fines sexuales.

Ex. The article ' Hop on the Internet, it's time' provides a general discussion of the advantages to be gained by using the Internet.

Ex. The data is pulled directly from all the bibliographic data bases on DIALOG that have a JN field.

Ex. One of its main advantages is the potential to pull off descriptive entries onto disc to create annotated booklists.

Ex. The three monkeys used in this study chose the left arm as the leading arm to reach out and pull back a spring-loaded drawer containing a food morsel.

Ex. A mouse is commonly moved or lifted from its cage by grasping the base of the tail.

----

* coger a Alguien con las manos en la masa = catch + Nombre + red-handed, catch + Nombre + in the act.

* coger a Alguien desprevenido = catch + Nombre + off-guard, catch + Nombre + napping, catch + Nombre + flat-footed.

* coger a Alguien in fraganti = catch + Nombre + red-handed, catch + Nombre + in the act.

* coger a Alguien por sorpresa = catch + Nombre + off-guard, catch + Nombre + napping, catch + Nombre + flat-footed.

* coger cariño a = grow + fond of.

* coger con chinchetas = thumbtack.

* coger de la mano = hold + Posesivo + hand.

* coger desprevenido = come as + a great surprise, catch + unprepared, take + Nombre + unawares.

* coger el avión = jet off.

* coger el toro por los cuernos = seize + the bull by the horns, take + the bull by the horns, grasp + the nettle, face + Posesivo + fears.

* coger la mano = take + Posesivo + hand.

* coger las tetas = breast grabbing.

* cogerle el gusto a = acquire + a taste for, develop + a taste for.

* cogerle el truco a Algo = get + the hang of.

* coger miedo = scare + Reflexivo.

* coger peso = put on + weight, gain + weight.

* coger por sorpresa = come as + a great surprise, catch out, blindside, take + Nombre + unawares.

* coger rápidamente = snatch up.

* cogerse = snag.

* cogerse de la mano = hold + hands.

* cogerse la mano = join + hands.

* coger una indirecta = take + a hint, get + a hint.

* coger un enfriamiento = catch + a chill.

* coger un resfriado de muerte = catch + Posesivo + death (of cold).

* coger un taxi = take + a taxi.

* extender la mano para coger algo = hand + reach for.

* intentar coger = reach for.

* no coger Algo = go (way) over + Posesivo + head.

* no coger por sorpresa = come as + no surprise.

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

Sentido I

1) (esp Esp)

a) ( tomar) to take

lo cogió del brazo — she took him by the arm

coge un folleto — pick up o take a leaflet

esto no hay or no tiene por donde cogerlo — (fam) I just don't know where to start with this

b) ( quitar) (+ me/te/le etc) to take

siempre me está cogiendo los lápices — she's always taking my pencils

c) <flores/fruta> to pick; < levantar> to pick up

coge esa revista del suelo — pick that magazine up off the floor

cogió al niño en brazos — she picked the child up in her arms

coger a alguien en autostop — (Esp) to pick up a hitchhiker

no cogen el teléfono — (Esp) they're not answering the phone

2) (esp Esp) (alcanzar, atrapar)

a) <ladrón/terrorista> to catch

b) < pelota> to catch

c) <pescado/liebre> to catch

d) toro to gore

3) (esp Esp)

a) ( descubrir) to catch

lo cogieron in fraganti/robando — he was caught red-handed/stealing

b) ( encontrar) to catch

me cogió de buenas — she caught me in a good mood

la noticia nos cogió en París — we were in Paris when we got the news

4)

a) <tren/autobús/taxi> to catch, take

b) <calle/camino> to take

coge la primera a la derecha — take the first right

5) (Esp fam)

a) (sacar, obtener) <billete/entrada> to get

coger hora para el médico — to make an appointment to see the doctor

b) ( traer)

vete a coger el coche — go and get o bring the car

c) ( ocupar)

coger sitio — to save a place

coge la vez en la cola — take your turn in the line (AmE) o (BrE) queue

cogió la delantera — he took the lead

Sentido II

6) (Esp)

a) ( aceptar) <dinero/trabajo/casa> to take

no puedo coger más clases — I can't take on any more classes

b) ( admitir) to take

ya no cogen más niños en ese colegio — they're not taking any more children at that school now

c) ( atender)

no pudieron cogerme en la peluquería — they couldn't fit me in at the hairdresser's

7) (esp Esp) ( adquirir)

a) < enfermedad> to catch; < insolación> to get

vas a coger frío — you'll catch cold

cogí una borrachera — I got plastered (colloq)

cogió un berrinche — she had a temper tantrum

b) <polvo/suciedad> to collect, gather

coger algo de color — ( broncearse) to get a bit of color

c) < acento> to pick up; <costumbre/vicio> to pick up; < ritmo> to get into

le cogí cariño — I got quite fond of him

cogerle manía a alguien — to take a dislike to somebody

cogerla con alguien — to take it out on somebody

cogerla por hacer algo — (Ven fam) to take to doing something

8) (esp Esp) ( captar)

a) <sentido/significado> to get

b) < emisora> to pick up, get

9) (Méx, RPl, Ven vulg) to screw (vulg), to fuck (vulg)
2.
coger vi

1) (esp Esp) planta to take; tinte/permanente to take

2)

a) (esp Esp)

cojo/cogió y... — (fam)

si empiezas con eso cojo y me voy — if you're going to start talking about that, I'm off o (AmE) I'm taking off (colloq)

de repente cogió y se fue — suddenly he upped and went (colloq)

cogió y se puso a llorar — she (suddenly) burst into tears

b) (esp Esp) ( por un camino)

coge por esta calle y... — take this street and...

c) (Esp fam) ( caber) to fit

3) (Méx, RPl, Ven vulg) to screw (vulg), to fuck (vulg)
3.
cogerse v pron (esp Esp)

a) (agarrarse, sujetarse) to hold on

cógete de la barandilla — hold on to the railing

b) (recípr)

ir cogidos de la mano — to walk hand in hand

* * *

= pick up, seize, take, trap, brace, catch, grab, pick, entrap, hop on, pull from, pull off, reach out, grasp.

Ex: Then these suggestion can be picked up by the editor, and communicated to the author.

Ex: A vague sensation of apprehension seized the newly appointed personnel officer as she knocked on the director's door.

Ex: If we take Cindi, Albert will almost surely grieve.

Ex: If the borrower being processed has been set to be trapped, DOBIS/LIBIS displays the message: 'You have trapped a borrower'.

Ex: The cheeks were braced from their tops to the ceiling, to prevent the press from twisting or shifting about in use.

Ex: 'And of course,' said the director, brightening as his idea gave birth to another one in her mind, 'it will be interesting to know how efficient electronic systems are at catching thieves'.

Ex: If we move fast, we can grab the space for the library.

Ex: The network itself is assumed to be unreliable; any portion of the network could disappear at any moment ( pick your favorite catastrophe -- these days backhoes cutting cables are more of a threat than bombs).

Ex: Librarians have been known to devote time to entrap and arrest individuals who use the library toilets for sexual purposes = Hay casos de bibliotecarios que han dedicado tiempo a atrapar y detener a individuos que utilizan los servicios de la biblioteca con fines sexuales.

Ex: The article ' Hop on the Internet, it's time' provides a general discussion of the advantages to be gained by using the Internet.

Ex: The data is pulled directly from all the bibliographic data bases on DIALOG that have a JN field.

Ex: One of its main advantages is the potential to pull off descriptive entries onto disc to create annotated booklists.

Ex: The three monkeys used in this study chose the left arm as the leading arm to reach out and pull back a spring-loaded drawer containing a food morsel.

Ex: A mouse is commonly moved or lifted from its cage by grasping the base of the tail.

* coger a Alguien con las manos en la masa = catch + Nombre + red-handed, catch + Nombre + in the act.

* coger a Alguien desprevenido = catch + Nombre + off-guard, catch + Nombre + napping, catch + Nombre + flat-footed.

* coger a Alguien in fraganti = catch + Nombre + red-handed, catch + Nombre + in the act.

* coger a Alguien por sorpresa = catch + Nombre + off-guard, catch + Nombre + napping, catch + Nombre + flat-footed.

* coger cariño a = grow + fond of.

* coger con chinchetas = thumbtack.

* coger de la mano = hold + Posesivo + hand.

* coger desprevenido = come as + a great surprise, catch + unprepared, take + Nombre + unawares.

* coger el avión = jet off.

* coger el toro por los cuernos = seize + the bull by the horns, take + the bull by the horns, grasp + the nettle, face + Posesivo + fears.

* coger la mano = take + Posesivo + hand.

* coger las tetas = breast grabbing.

* cogerle el gusto a = acquire + a taste for, develop + a taste for.

* cogerle el truco a Algo = get + the hang of.

* coger miedo = scare + Reflexivo.

* coger peso = put on + weight, gain + weight.

* coger por sorpresa = come as + a great surprise, catch out, blindside, take + Nombre + unawares.

* coger rápidamente = snatch up.

* cogerse = snag.

* cogerse de la mano = hold + hands.

* cogerse la mano = join + hands.

* coger una indirecta = take + a hint, get + a hint.

* coger un enfriamiento = catch + a chill.

* coger un resfriado de muerte = catch + Posesivo + death (of cold).

* coger un taxi = take + a taxi.

* extender la mano para coger algo = hand + reach for.

* intentar coger = reach for.

* no coger Algo = go (way) over + Posesivo + head.

* no coger por sorpresa = come as + no surprise.

* * *

coger [E6 ]

vt

Sentido I

A

1 (tomar) to take

coge lo que quieras take what you like

a la salida coge un folleto pick up o take a leaflet on the way out

lo cogió del brazo she took him by the arm

no ha cogido una brocha en su vida she's never used o picked up a paintbrush in her life

esto no hay or no tiene por donde cogerlo ( fam); I just don't know where to start with this, I can't make head or tail of this ( colloq)

2 (quitar) (+ me/te/le etc) to take

siempre me está cogiendo los lápices she's always taking my pencils

3 (recoger) to pick up; ‹flores/moras/uvas› to pick

coge esa revista del suelo pick that magazine up off the floor

¿quién ha cogido el dinero que dejé aquí? who's taken the money I left here?

cogió sus cosas y se largó she got her things together o picked up her things and left

coger los puntos pick up the stitches

cogió al niño en brazos she picked the child up in her arms

no cogen el teléfono they're not answering the phone

B (alcanzar, atrapar)

1 ( esp Esp) ‹ladrón/terrorista› to catch

como te coja, ya verás you'll be sorry if I catch you

2 ‹pelota› to catch

3 ‹pescado› to catch; ‹liebres/faisanes› to catch, bag

4 ( esp Esp) «toro» to gore; «coche» to knock … down

C

1 ( esp Esp) (descubrir) to catch

lo cogieron in fraganti/robando he was caught red-handed/stealing

los cogieron con 100 gramos de cocaína they were caught with 100 grams of cocaine

2 (encontrar) ( esp Esp) to catch

no quiero que me coja la noche en la carretera I don't want to be driving when it gets dark

la noticia nos cogió en París we were in Paris when we got the news

me cogió de buenas/malas she caught me in a good/bad mood

nos cogió desprevenidos it took us by surprise, it caught us unawares

D

1 ‹tren/autobús/taxi› to catch, take

no me apetece coger el coche I don't feel like taking the car

hace años que no cojo un coche I haven't driven for years

2 ‹calle/camino› to take

coge la primera a la derecha take the first right

E

1 ( Esp fam) (sacar, obtener) ‹billete/entrada› to get

tengo que coger hora para ir al médico I have to make an appointment to see the doctor

2

(ocupar): ve pronto y coge sitio get there early and save a place

coge la vez en la cola take your turn in the line ( AmE) o ( BrE) queue

cogió la delantera he took the lead

Sentido II

A (aceptar)

1 ‹dinero/propina› to take

2 ‹trabajo/casa› to take

cogió una casa en las afueras she took a house in the outskirts

no puedo coger más clases I can't take on any more classes

3

( Esp) (admitir, atender): ya no cogen más niños en ese colegio they're not taking any more children at that school now

estuvimos haciendo autostop durante horas hasta que nos cogieron we were hitching for hours before someone picked us up

no pudieron cogerme en la peluquería, they couldn't fit me in at the hairdresser's

entrevistó a cinco personas, pero no cogió a ninguno she interviewed five people, but she didn't give the job to any of them o she didn't take any of them on

B (adquirir)

1 ‹enfermedad› to catch; ‹insolación› to get

vas a coger frío you'll catch cold

2 ‹borrachera/berrinche›

cogí una borrachera I got plastered ( colloq)

cogió un berrinche she had a temper tantrum

3 ‹polvo/suciedad› to collect, gather

con dos días en la playa ya cojo algo de color it only takes me a couple of days on the beach to start to tan o to get a bit of color

los tejidos sintéticos no cogen bien el tinte synthetic fabrics don't dye well

4 ‹costumbre/vicio/acento› to pick up; ‹ritmo› to get into

le cogí cariño I got quite fond of him

si le gritas te va a coger manía if you shout at him he'll take against you

cogerla con algn to take it out on sb

cogerla por hacer algo ( Ven fam); to take to doing sth

C (captar)

1 ‹sentido/significado› to get

no cogió el chiste/la indirecta he didn't get the joke/take the hint

2 ‹emisora› to pick up, get

3 ‹programa/frase› to catch

cogí el programa por la mitad I only caught the second half of the program

4 ‹apuntes/notas› to take

le cogió las medidas para el vestido she measured her o took her measurements for the dress

D (Méx, RPl, Ven vulg) (acostarse con) to screw ( vulg), to fuck ( vulg)

■ coger

vi

A

1 «planta» to take

2 «tinte/permanente» to take

el tinte no cogió the dye didn't take

B

1

coge/cogió y … ( fam): si empiezas con ese tema cojo y me voy if you're going to start talking about that, I'm off o ( AmE) I'm taking off ( colloq)

de repente cogió y se fue suddenly he upped and went ( colloq)

cogió y se puso a llorar she (suddenly) burst into tears

2

(por un camino): cogieron por el camino más corto they took the shortest route

coge por esta calle go down this street

3 ( Esp fam) (caber) to fit

C (Méx, RPl, Ven vulg) (copular) to screw ( vulg), to fuck ( vulg)

■ cogerse

v pron

1 (agarrarse, sujetarse) to hold on

cógete de la barandilla hold on to the railing

2 ( recípr):

iban cogidos de la mano they were walking along hand in hand

* * *

coger ( conjugate coger) verbo transitivo
1 (esp Esp)
a) ( tomar) to take;

◊ lo cogió del brazo she took him by the arm;

coge un folleto pick up o take a leaflet
b) ( quitar) to take;

◊ siempre me está cogiendo los lápices she's always taking my pencils

c) ‹flores/fruta› to pick

d) ( levantar) to pick up;

◊ coge esa revista del suelo pick that magazine up off the floor;

no cogen el teléfono (Esp) they're not answering the phone
2 ( atrapar) (esp Esp)
a) ‹ladrón/pelota› to catch

b) ‹pescado/liebre› to catch

c) ( descubrir) to catch;

◊ lo cogieron robando he was caught stealing

d) [ toro] to gore

3
a) ‹tren/autobús/taxi› to catch, take

b) ‹calle/camino› to take

4 (Esp fam)
a) ( obtener) ‹billete/entrada› to get;

◊ coger hora para el médico to make an appointment to see the doctor;

coger sitio to save a place
b) ( aceptar) ‹dinero/trabajo/casa› to take

c) ( admitir) ‹alumnos/solicitudes› to take

5 (esp Esp) ( adquirir)
a) ‹ enfermedad› to catch;

‹ insolación› to get;
◊ vas a coger frío you'll catch cold

b) ‹ acento› to pick up;

‹costumbre/vicio› to pick up;
◊ le cogí cariño I got quite fond of him

6 (esp Esp) ( captar)
a) ‹sentido/significado› to get

b) ‹ emisora› to pick up, get

7 (Méx, RPl, Ven vulg) to screw (vulg), to fuck (vulg)
verbo intransitivo
1 (esp Esp) [ planta] to take;
[tinte/permanente] to take
2 (Méx, RPl, Ven vulg) to screw (vulg), to fuck (vulg)
cogerse verbo pronominal (esp Esp)
a) (agarrarse, sujetarse) to hold on;

◊ cógete de la barandilla hold on to the railing

b) ( recípr):

◊ se cogieron de la mano they held hands

coger
I verbo transitivo
1 to take
(agarrar) to seize: me cogió del brazo, he seized me by the arm
(sostener) to hold: cógeme el bolso un momento, por favor, please hold my bag for a moment
2 (un medio de transporte) to take, catch
(una pelota, un resfriado, a alguien que huye, a alguien haciendo algo) to catch: ¡te cogí!, I caught you!
3 (recoger del suelo) to pick (up)
(una cosecha, flores, ropa tendida) to pick
4 (un hábito) to pick up
(velocidad, impulso) to gather
5 (entender el sentido de algo) to grasp: no lo cojo, I don't understand it
6 (atropellar) to run over, knock down
7 LAm vulgar to fuck
II verbo intransitivo familiar
1 (caber) to fit
2 (para indicar inicio de acción) cogió y se puso a cantar, he went and started singing
♦ Locuciones: ¡Dios me/te/le... coja confesado!, Lord help us!
no hay por donde cogerlo, awful, third-rate
' coger' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
A
- acostumbrada
- acostumbrado
- agarrar
- alcanzar
- anillo
- atajo
- baja
- banda
- calle
- camino
- debajo
- despechugada
- despechugado
- desprevenida
- desprevenido
- embalarse
- empuñar
- enfriarse
- horizontal
- ligar
- mona
- prestar
- separarse
- soler
- sorprender
- sujetar
- timón
- tomar
- toro
- turca
- volante
- carrerilla
- catarro
- frío
- mano
- perra
- sorpresa
- tren
- trompa
English:
act
- bend
- bypass
- catch
- catch out
- catch up
- cotton
- end
- entrap
- gather
- get
- go down with
- hold
- hook
- hop
- lasso
- luckily
- nail
- observe
- opt
- pants
- pick
- pluck
- reach
- red-handed
- stick
- take
- take to
- tape
- train
- trip up
- umbrella
- unawares
- answer
- fuck
- hint
- knack
- latch
- nab
- prisoner
- red
- surprise
- up

* * *

coger Although the word coger is accepted in educated use throughout Latin America, in many places its principal meaning is the taboo sense indicated at 21. For this reason it tends to be avoided in other contexts, and is usually replaced by agarrar.

♦ vt

1. [tomar, agarrar] to take;

coger a alguien de la mano to take sb by the hand;

pasear cogidos de la mano to walk hand in hand;

coger a alguien en brazos to take sb in one's arms;

coge la tetera por el asa take o hold the teapot by the handle;

coge esta bolsa un momento hold this bag a moment;

¿puedes coger el teléfono, por favor? could you pick the phone up o answer the phone, please?;
Fam
éste no ha cogido un libro en su vida he's never picked up a book in his life;

Comp
Fam
no haber por dónde cogerlo: esta película no hay por dónde cogerla I couldn't make head or tail of this movie o Br film;

tu hermano es muy raro, no hay por dónde cogerlo your brother's very strange, it's hard to know what to make of him;

se sabe todas las respuestas, no hay por dónde cogerlo he knows all the answers, it's impossible to catch him out

2. [quitar] to take;

coger algo a alguien to take sth from sb;

¿quién me ha cogido el lápiz? who's taken my pencil?;

te he cogido la calculadora un momento I've just borrowed your calculator for a moment

3. [recoger] [objeto caído] to pick up;
[frutos, flores] to pick;
se me ha caído el bolígrafo, ¿me lo puedes coger? I've dropped my pen, could you pick it up for me?;

nos gusta mucho coger setas we really enjoy picking mushrooms o going mushrooming;

cogimos a un autoestopista muy simpático we picked up a very friendly hitchhiker

4. [atrapar] [ladrón, pez, pájaro, pelota] to catch;

¿a que no me coges? bet you can't catch me!;
Fam
¡si te cojo, te la cargas! if I catch you, you'll be in for it!

5. [sorprender]
coger a alguien haciendo algo to catch sb doing sth;

coger a alguien desprevenido to take sb by surprise;

coger a alguien in fraganti to catch sb red-handed o in the act;

la tormenta me cogió cerca de casa the storm broke when I was nearly home;

el terremoto nos cogió en la capital the earthquake happened while we were in the capital;

lo cogí de buen humor I caught him in a good mood

6. [alcanzar] [persona, vehículo] to catch up with;

aceleró para coger al corredor que llevaba delante she ran faster to try and catch up with the runner in front of her;

cogió la delantera tras la segunda vuelta she went into o took the lead after the second lap

7. [tren, autobús] to take, to catch;

no me gusta coger el avión I don't like flying;

prefiero coger el coche I'd rather drive

8. [sacar, obtener] to get;

he cogido hora con el dentista I've made an appointment with the dentist;

¿has cogido las entradas? have you got the tickets?

9. [quedarse con] [propina, empleo, apartamento] to take;

ha cogido un trabajo de mecanógrafo he has taken a job as a typist;

llegaremos pronto para coger buen sitio we'll get there early to get a good seat;

están tan ocupados que ya no cogen más encargos they're so busy they've stopped taking on o accepting orders

10. [contratar, admitir] [personal] to take on;

hemos cogido a una secretaria nueva we've taken on a new secretary;

el colegio ya no coge más alumnos para este curso the school has stopped taking pupils for this year

11. [contraer] [gripe, resfriado] to catch, to get;

coger frío to get cold;

coger una insolación to get sunstroke;

coger el sarampión to get o catch (the) measles;

coger una borrachera to get drunk;

coger un berrinche to throw a tantrum

12. [absorber] to absorb, to soak up;

este tipo de esponja coge mucha agua this type of sponge absorbs a lot of water;

esta mesa coge mucho polvo al lado de la ventana this table gets very dusty o gathers a lot of dust next to the window

13. [empezar a sentir] [odio, afecto] to start to feel;

coger cariño/miedo a to become fond/scared of

14. [adquirir] [costumbre, vicio, acento] to pick up;

los hijos cogen los hábitos de los padres children pick up the habits of their parents;

ha cogido la costumbre de cantar por las mañanas she has taken to singing in the mornings;

Comp
Fam
cogerle el truco o [m5] tranquillo a algo to get the knack of sth;

Comp
Fam
cogerla con alguien: la ha cogido con nosotros, y no deja de molestarnos she's got it in for us and never leaves us alone

15. [sintonizar] [canal, emisora] to get, to receive

16. [entender] to get;
[oír] to catch;
¿coges lo que te digo? do you get o understand what I'm saying to you?;

no cogió la indirecta she didn't take the hint;

no cogió el chiste he didn't get the joke;

cogí su comentario a mitad I only half heard what she said, I only caught half of what she said

17. [cobrar]
coger fuerzas to build up one's strength;

coger velocidad to gather o gain speed

18. [sujeto: vehículo] to knock over, to run over;
[sujeto: toro] to gore;
me cogió un coche, y ando con muletas I was run over o hit by a car, and I'm on crutches now;

le cogió un toro he was gored by a bull

19. [abarcar] [espacio] to cover, to take up;

estas oficinas cogen tres plantas del edificio these offices take up o occupy three floors of the building

20. [elegir] to choose;

cogió un mal momento para anunciar el resultado she chose a bad moment to announce the result

21. Am Vulg [tener relaciones sexuales con] to screw, to fuck;

coger a alguien to screw o fuck sb

♦ vi

1. [situarse] to be;

coge muy cerca de aquí it's not very far from here

2. [dirigirse]
coger a la derecha/la izquierda to turn right/left;

coge por la calle de la iglesia take the church road

3. [enraizar] to take;

los rosales han cogido the roses have taken

4. [contestar al teléfono] to answer;

llevo un rato llamando, pero no cogen I've been calling for a while now, but there's no answer o they don't answer

5. [indicando acción repentina]
cogió y se fue she upped and went;

de pronto cogió y me insultó he turned round and insulted me;

si seguimos así, cojo y me marcho if we carry on like this, I'm off

6. Am Vulg [tener relaciones sexuales] to screw, to fuck;

coger con alguien to screw o fuck sb

♦ See also the pronominal verb cogerse

* * *

coger

I v/t

1 ( asir) take (hold of); del suelo pick up

2 L.Am. vulg

screw vulg

3 ladrón, enfermedad catch

4 TRANSP catch, take;

coger el tren/bus catch the train/bus

5 ( entender) get

6 emisora de radio pick up

II v/i

1 en un espacio fit

2 L.Am. vulg

screw vulg

3 de una planta take, take root

4

:

coger por la primera a la derecha take the first right

* * *

coger {15} vt

1) : to seize, to take hold of

2) : to catch

3) : to pick up

4) : to gather, to pick

5) : to gore

♦ See also the reflexive verb cogerse

* * *

coger vb

1. (tomar) to take [pt. took; pp. taken]

coge un trozo más grande take a bigger piece

¿quién ha cogido mi libro? who's taken my book?

voy a coger un poco más de tortilla I'm going to have some more omelette

2. (pillar) to catch [pt. & pp. caught]

quiero coger el tren de las 10.30 I want to catch the 10.30 train

ha cogido la gripe she's caught the flu

¿a que no me coges? I bet you can't catch me

3. (entender) to get

no he cogido el chiste I didn't understand the joke

4. (fruta, flor) to pick

hemos cogido unas moras we've picked some blackberries

5. (emisora, canal) to pick up

no cojo el canal local I can't pick up the local channel

6. (tomar prestado) to borrow

te cojo el diccionario, ¿vale? I'm just borrowing your dictionary, OK?

coger de camino to be on your way

te llevo a tu casa, me coge de camino I'll take you home, it's on my way

Spanish-English dictionary > coger
3 de

prep.

1 of.

el coche de mi padre/mis padres my father's/parents' car

es de ella it's hers

la pata de la mesa the table leg

La casa de mi padre The house of my father [My father's house]

2 from (procedencia, distancia).

salir de casa to leave home

soy de Bilbao I'm from Bilbao

de la playa al apartamento hay 100 metros it's 100 meters from the beach to the apartment

3 (made) of (materia).

un vaso de plástico a plastic cup

un reloj de oro a gold watch

4 about (asunto).

hablábamos de ti we were talking about you

libros de historia history books

5 as.

trabaja de bombero he works as a fireman

6 from (time) (since).

trabaja de nueve a cinco she works from nine to five

de madrugada early in the morning

a las cuatro de la tarde at four in the afternoon

trabaja de noche y duerme de día he works at night and sleeps during the day

7 with (causa, modo).

morirse de hambre to die of hunger

llorar de alegría to cry with joy

de una patada with a kick

de una sola vez in one go

de tres en tres three at a time

8 if.

de ir a verte, sería este domingo if I do visit you, it'll be this Sunday

de no ser por ti, me hubiese hundido if it hadn't been for you, I wouldn't have made it

9 to.

Está ansiosa de obtener ese trabajo She is anxious to have that job.

f.

1 letter d.

2 SD, standard deviation.

3 ED, dose of erythema, erythema dose.

* * *

de

► nombre femenino

1 name of the letter d

————————

de

► preposición

1 (posesión, pertenencia) of

■ el libro de Juan Juan's book

■ el coche de mis padres my parents' car

■ el hermano de mi padre my father's brother

■ la mesa de mi habitación the table in my bedroom

2 (procedencia, origen) from

■ soy de Córdoba I'm from Córdoba

■ viene de Barcelona she comes from Barcelona

3 (descripción) with

■ la niña de ojos castaños the girl with dark eyes, the dark-eyed girl

■ el señor del abrigo azul the man in the blue coat

4 (tema) of, on, about

■ hablaron del tiempo they talked about the weather

5 (materia) made of, of

■ una mesa de madera a wooden table

■ un anillo de oro a gold ring

■ lo hicieron de plástico they made it out of plastic

6 (contenido) of

■ un vaso de agua a glass of water

7 (uso) for

■ aguja de calcetar knitting needle

■ gallo de pelea fighting cock

8 (oficio) by, as

■ trabaja de profesor he works as a teacher

■ es médico de profesión he's a doctor by profession

9 (modo) on, in, as

■ de pie standing up

■ estar de moda to be in fashion

10 (tiempo) at, by, in

■ de día by day, during the day

■ de noche at night

■ a las diez de la mañana at ten in the morning

11 (lugar) varias traducciones

■ la vecina de arriba our upstairs neighbour

■ el lavabo de abajo the downstairs toilet

■ la ventana de la derecha the window on the right

■ la puerta de la calle the street door

12 (precio) at

■ manzanas de dos euros el kilo apples at two euros a kilo

13 (medida) measuring

■ una botella de dos litros a two litre bottle

■ una mesa de un metro de ancho a metre-wide table

14 (causa) with, because of, of

■ llorar de alegría to cry with joy

■ morir de frío to die of cold

15 (agente) by

■ es una obra de Lope a play by Lope

16 (con superlativo) in, of

■ el mejor de España the best in Spain

■ el mayor de los tres the eldest of the three

17 (suposición) if

■ de haberlo dicho if he had told us

18 (en una aposición) of

■ la ciudad de Barcelona the city of Barcelona Table 1 NOTA See also del/Table 1

* * *

prep.

1) of

2) from

3) in, at

4) than

5) by

* * *

PREPOSITION

1) [relación] of

las calles de Madrid — the streets of Madrid

el alcalde de Valencia — the mayor of Valencia

cabo de Buena Esperanza — Cape of Good Hope

la ciudad de Madrid — the city of Madrid

en el mes de agosto — in the month of August

un libro de consulta — a reference book

un millón de euros — a million euros

la carretera de Valencia — the Valencia road, the road to Valencia

el interés del préstamo — the interest on the loan

la llave de mi cuarto — the key to my room

en el día de hoy — today

tuvieron la desgracia de perder el partido — they were unlucky enough to lose the match

ya era hora de que vinieses — it's about time you got here

el hecho de que yo no supiera nada — the fact that I didn't know anything about it

2) [pertenencia]

la casa de Isabel — Isabel's house

el coche de mi amigo — my friend's car

un familiar de mi vecina — a relative of my neighbour's

los coches de mis amigos — my friends' cars

el vestuario de las actrices — the actresses' dressing room

la señora de Pérez — Pérez's wife, Mrs Pérez

es de ellos — it's theirs

esa contestación es muy de ella — that answer is typical of her

3) [característica, material]

una cadena de oro — a gold chain

no es de oro — it's not gold

una puerta de cristal — a glass door

una cocina de gas — a gas cooker

este modelo es de electricidad — this model uses electricity, this is an electric model

ropa de buena calidad — good-quality clothes

un billete de primera clase — a first-class ticket

la niña de pelo largo — the girl with the long hair

ese tío del sombrero — that chap with o in the hat

pintado de rojo — painted red

lo tengo de varios colores distintos — I have it in several different colours

4) [contenido]

una caja de bombones — a box of chocolates

una copa de vino — [llena] a glass of wine; [vacía] a wine glass

una bolsita de té — a tea bag

estaba hecha un saco de nervios — she was a bundle of nerves

5) [origen, distancia, espacio temporal] from

soy de Galicia — I'm from Galicia

Julia no es de aquí — Julia is not from round here

los de Madrid son los mejores — the ones from Madrid are the best, the Madrid ones are the best

es de buena familia — he's from a good family

vuelo 507 (procedente) de Londres — flight 507 from London

vive a 20km de Madrid — she lives 20km from Madrid

aléjate del fuego — move away from the fire

marcó un gol a dos minutos del final del partido — he scored two minutes from the end of the match

el tren de Santiago — the Santiago train

el avión pasó a muy poca altura del suelo — the plane flew by at very low altitude

salir del cine — to come out of the cinema
de... a...
vivió de 1898 a 1937 — he lived from 1898 to 1937

de mi casa a la suya hay 5km — it is 5km from my house to his

de mayo a julio — from May to July

del 15 al 30 — from the 15th to the 30th

6) [causa]

murió de viejo — he died from old age

me dolían los pies de tanto andar — my feet were sore from all that walking

de puro cansado — out of sheer tiredness

no podía moverse de miedo — he was rigid with fear

estar loco de alegría — to be wild with joy

saltar de alegría — to jump for joy

7) [manera]

lo derribó de un solo puñetazo — he felled him with a single blow

se puso a mi lado de un salto — he jumped to my side

se lo bebió de un trago — he drank it all down in one go
de... en...
iban entrando de dos en dos — they came in two by two

bajó la escalera de tres en tres — he came down the stairs three at a time

de puerta en puerta — from door to door

8) (=respecto de)

estar mejor de salud — to be in better health, be better

es fuerte de brazos — he has strong arms

paralizado de las dos piernas — paralysed in both legs

es muy estrecho de hombros — he doesn't have very broad shoulders

9) [tema] about

un libro de biología — a biology book, a book on o about biology

hablaba de política — he was talking about politics

no sé nada de él — I don't know anything about him

una clase de francés — a French class

10) [uso]

máquina de coser — sewing machine

goma de mascar — chewing gum

11) [cantidad, medida, valor]

un chico de quince años — a fifteen-year-old boy

un viaje de dos días — a two-day journey

un embarazo de siete meses — a seven-month pregnancy

una moneda de 5 pesos — a 5-peso coin

tiene un metro de alto — it's a metre high

12) [con horas y fechas]

a las siete de la mañana — at seven o'clock in the morning, at seven a.m.

son las dos de la tarde — it's two o'clock in the afternoon, it's two p.m.

muy de mañana — very early in the morning

el 3 de mayo — 3 May ( leído May the third {o}2} the third of May)

13) [tiempo]

de día — during the day(time)

de noche — at night

de niño — as a child

de mayor voy a ser médico — when I grow up I'm going to be a doctor

14) [proporción]

tres de cada cuatro — three out of every four

15) [uso partitivo] of

uno de nosotros — one of us

comió un poco de pastel — she ate a bit of cake

¡había una de gente! — * there were loads of people there! *

16) [autoría] by

un libro de Cela — a book by Cela, a book of Cela's

las películas de Almodóvar — Almodóvar's films

17) [como complemento agente] by

fue amado de todos — he was loved by all

el rey entró seguido de su séquito — the king entered, followed by his entourage

tiene dos hijos de su primera mujer — he has two children by his first wife

18) [en aposición a sustantivos o adjetivos]

el bueno/pobre de Pedro — good/poor old Pedro

el imbécil de Fernández — that idiot Fernández

es un encanto de persona — he's a lovely person

19) [en comparaciones] than

es más difícil de lo que creía — it's more difficult than I thought

más/menos de siete — more/less than seven

más de 500 personas — more than o over 500 people

20) [con superlativos] in

el peor alumno de la clase — the worst pupil in the class

el más caro de la tienda/mundo — the most expensive in the shop/world

es el coche más caro del mercado — it's the dearest car on the market

21) + infin

un problema fácil de resolver — an easily solved problem

un libro agradable de leer — a nice book to read
ser de ({+ infin}8})
es de admirar su lealtad — his loyalty is admirable

es de esperar que recibamos una pronta respuesta — it is to be hoped that we receive a prompt reply

sería de desear que actualizaran su información — it would be desirable for them to update their information

22) [dependiente de formas verbales]

la acusaban de hipócrita — they accused her of being a hypocrite

colmar de elogios a algn — to shower praise on sb

se dio cuenta de que lo sabía — she realized (that) she knew it

de esto se deduce que... — from this it can be deduced that...

disfrutar de la vida — to enjoy life

¿qué esperabas de él? — what did you expect from him?

limpiar algo de polvo — to dust sth

llenar algo de algo — to fill sth with sth

se sirvió de sus amigos para salir de un mal trago — he turned to his friends to help him through a difficult patch

trabaja de camarero — he works as a waiter

lo uso de despensa — I use it as a pantry

vestido de azul — dressed in blue

23) [uso condicional] if

de ser posible — if possible

de haberlo sabido no habría venido — if I had known, I wouldn't have come

de resultar esto así — if this turns out to be true

de no ser así — if it were not so, were it not so

de no — LAm (=si no) otherwise

* * *
I
preposición

Sentido I

1) (en relaciones de pertenencia, posesión)

la casa de mis padres/de la actriz — my parents'/the actress's house

el rey de Francia — the king of France

el cumpleaños de Luis — Luis's birthday

no es de él/de ella/de ellos — it isn't his/hers/theirs

su padre de usted — (frml) your father

es un amigo de mi hijo/de la familia — he's a friend of my son's/the family

un estudiante de quinto año — a fifth-year student

la correa del perro — the dog's leash

un avión de Mexair — a Mexair plane

la tapa de la cacerola — the saucepan lid

las calles de la capital — the streets of the capital

la subida de los precios — the rise in prices

al término de la reunión — at the end of the meeting

2)

a) ( introduciendo un nombre en aposición) of

la ciudad de Lima — the city of Lima

el aeropuerto de Barajas — Barajas airport

el mes de enero — the month of January

b) ( con apellidos)

[de is also part of certain surnames like de León and de la Peña]

Sra. Mónica Ortiz de Arocena — ≈Mrs Mónica Arocena

los señores de Díaz — (frml) Mr and Mrs Díaz

las señoritas de Paz — (frml) the Misses Paz (frml)

c) ( en exclamaciones)

pobre de él! — poor him!

ay de mí! — (liter) woe is me! (liter)

Sentido II

3) (expresando procedencia, origen, tiempo) from

volvía del banco — I was on my way back from the bank

es de Bogotá — she's/she comes from Bogotá

una carta de Julia — a letter from Julia

lo saqué de la biblioteca — I got it out of the library

lo recogió del suelo — she picked it up off the floor

un hijo de su primera mujer — a son by his first wife

al salir de la tienda — as he left the store

un amigo de la infancia — a childhood friend

la literatura de ese período — the literature of o from that period

de un día para otro — from one day to the next

de... a... — from... to...

de aquí a tu casa — from here to your house

de nueve a cinco — it's open from nine to five

4) (al especificar material, contenido, composición)

son de plástico — they're (made of) plastic

una mesa de caoba — a mahogany table

una inyección de morfina — an injection of morphine, a morphine injection

un curso de secretariado — a secretarial course

un vaso de agua — a glass of water

una colección de sellos — a stamp collection

un millón de dólares — a million dollars

5) (expresando causa, modo)

murió de viejo — he died of old age

verde de envidia — green with envy

estaba ronco de tanto gritar — he was hoarse from shouting so much

temblando de miedo — trembling with fear

de memoria — by heart

lo tumbó de un golpe — he knocked him down with one blow

de dos en dos or (CS) de a dos — two at a time

de a poco/de a uno — (CS) little by little/one by one

Sentido III

6)

a) (introduciendo cualidades, características)

es de una paciencia increíble — he is incredibly patient

objetos de mucho valor — objects of great value

¿de qué color lo quiere? — what color do you want it?

tiene cara de aburrido — he looks bored

tienes cosas de niño — sometimes you act like a child

una botella de un litro — a liter bottle

un niño de tres meses — a three-month-old child

la chica de azul/del abrigo rojo — the girl in blue/in the red coat

un hombre de pelo largo — a man with long hair

b) ( refiriéndose a una etapa en la vida) as

de niño — as a o when he was a child

7) (indicando uso, destino, finalidad)

el cepillo de la ropa — the clothes brush

copas de vino — wine glasses

ropa de cama — bed clothes

dales algo de comer — give them something to eat

¿qué hay de postre? — what's for dessert?

8)

a) (al definir, especificar)

el botón de abajo — the bottom button

el vecino de al lado — the next-door neighbor

es muy bonita de cara — she has a pretty face

¿qué tal vamos de tiempo? — how are we doing for time?

tiene dos metros de ancho — it's two meters wide

es fácil/difícil de pronunciar — it's easy/difficult to pronounce

b) ( sentido partitivo) of

¿quién de ustedes fue? — which (one) of you was it?

se llevó uno de los míos — she took one of mine

el mayor de los Soto — the eldest of the Soto children

9) ( con sentido ponderativo)

lo encontré de viejo...! — he seemed so old!

qué de coches! — (fam) what a lot of cars!

10)

a) ( con cifras)

el número de estudiantes es de 480 — there are 480 students

pagan un interés del 15% — they pay 15% interest o interest at 15%

b) ( en comparaciones de cantidad) than

cuesta más de £100 — it costs more than o over £100

pesa menos de un kilo — it weighs less than o under a kilo

un número mayor/menor de 29 — a number over/under 29

c) ( con un superlativo)

es el más caro de todos — it's the most expensive one

la ciudad más grande del mundo — the biggest city in the world

11) ( refiriéndose a una parte del día)

duerme de día y trabaja de noche — she sleeps during the day and works at night

salieron de madrugada — they left very early in the morning

12) ( en calidad de) as

trabaja de secretaria — she works as a secretary

hace de rey en la obra — he plays (the part of) a king in the play

13) (en expresiones de estado, actividad)

de mal humor — in a bad mood

estamos de limpieza general/fiesta — we're spring-cleaning/having a party

14) ( en oraciones pasivas) by

una novela de Goytisolo — a novel by Goytisolo

una casa rodeada de árboles — a house surrounded by trees

Sentido IV

15) ( con sentido condicional)

a)

de + inf: de haberlo sabido, habría venido antes if I had known o had I known, I would have come earlier; de no ser así no será considerada — otherwise it will not be considered

b)

ser de + inf — (expresando necesidad, inevitabilidad)

es de esperar que... — it is to be hoped that...

es de destacar su actuación — her performance is worthy of note
II
femenino: name of the letter d

* * *

= across, in respect for, of, off, out of, from, featuring.

Ex. This arrangement may facilitate browsing across different kinds of materials.

Ex. The author of a document is the person or organisation responsible for its creation, that is, the writer of a text, the illustrator in respect for illustrations and others responsible for the intellectual content of a work.

Ex. These institutes brought together some of the most influential people in the field.

Ex. Having entered the next state and a highway off the turnpike, he was amazed by the extraordinary flatness of the land, especially in contrast to the hilly terrain he had grown up with back home.

Ex. However, out of the enormous abundance of information produced, only 50% is new while the rest is redundant.

Ex. From the analysis of some 5760 questions, Wilkinson and Miller developed a 'step approach' to differentiate reference questions according to how many judgmental steps were required to answer them.

Ex. The exhibition also contains a group of ink drawings featuring self-portraits and portraits inspired by classical sculpture.

----

* abogado de oficio = legal aid.

* actuar de otro modo = do + otherwise.

* alabanza de boquilla = lip service.

* alabar de boquilla = give + lip service.

* autorizado de antemano = pre-authorised [pre-authorized, -USA].

* cambiar de una vez a otra = change from + time to time, vary + from time to time.

* comenzar de nuevo = start + all over again.

* de... a = through.

* de abajo hacia arriba = bottom-up.

* de abolengo = well-born.

* de abordo = in-flight.

* de absorción = absorptive.

* de acá para allá = back and forth, to and fro.

* de acceso público = publicly accessible.

* de acceso rápido = fast-access.

* de acceso restringido = closed access.

* de acción = action-centered.

* de acompañante = in tow.

* de actitud = attitudinal.

* de actuación = for action.

* de actualidad = topical.

* de acuerdo = okay, granted, all right, in concert, in agreement, okeydokey! [okidoki], in consort.

* de acuerdo a = according to.

* de acuerdo con = according to, as far as + Nombre + be + concerned, consistent with, in harmony with, in accordance with, in concert with, in keeping with, in line with, in step with, in tune with, by, pursuant to, in concurrence with, based on, in agreement with, as far as + Sujeto + Verbo, in consonance with, in accord with, judging by, to judge by, in conformity with, in + Posesivo + view, judging from.

* de acuerdo con el tema = thematically.

* de acuerdo con este documento = hereunder.

* de acuerdo con esto = accordingly.

* de acuerdo con la búsqueda de cadenas de caracteres = on a string search basis.

* de acuerdo con la estación del año = seasonally.

* de acuerdo con la ley = according to law.

* de acuerdo con la tendencia hacia = in the trend towards.

* de acuerdo con + Nombre = going on + Nombre.

* de acuerdo con + Posesivo + opinión = in + Posesivo + view, in + Posesivo + opinion.

* de acuerdo con + Posesivo + parecer = in + Posesivo + view, in + Posesivo + opinion.

* de acuerdo con + Posesivo + bolsillo = according to + Posesivo + pocket.

* de acuerdo con + Pronombre = in + Posesivo + opinion, in + Posesivo + opinion.

* de adaptación = adaptive.

* de †frica = African.

* de Africa occidental = West African.

* de agua = water-based.

* de aguas profundas = deep-sea.

* de ahí = therefrom.

* de ahí que = hence.

* de ahora en adelante = from now on, from this point on.

* de Alaska = Alaskan.

* de Albania = Albanian.

* de alcance estatal = nationwide [nation-wide].

* de alcance nacional = nationwide [nation-wide].

* de alcohol = spirit-based.

* de alguna forma = in one way or another, one way or another.

* de alguna manera = in some sense, in some way, somehow, in any sense, some way.

* de alguna otra forma = in any other way.

* de algún modo = in any way [in anyway], somehow, after a fashion, in some form, some way.

* de algún modo + Adjetivo = otherwise + Adjetivo.

* de algún modo u otro = of some sort.

* de algún tiempo a esta parte = for some time now.

* de algún tipo = of some description.

* de algún tipo u otro = of some sort.

* de alta alcurnia = well-born.

* de alta cuna = well-born.

* de alta densidad = high-density.

* de alta energía = high energy.

* de alta fidelidad = hi-fi.

* de alta mar = offshore, sea-going, ocean-going.

* de alta potencia = high power.

* de alta presión = high-pressured, high-pressure.

* de alta productividad = high-performance.

* de alta resistencia = heavy-duty.

* de alta tecnología = high-tech, high-technology.

* de alta tensión = heavy-current.

* de alta velocidad = high-speed.

* de alto abolengo = well-born.

* de alto ahorro energético = energy-saving.

* de alto nivel = of a high order, high level [high-level], high-powered.

* de alto rango = high-ranking, highly placed.

* de alto rendimiento = high-performance, heavy-duty.

* de altos vuelos = high-flying, high-powered.

* de alto voltaje = high-voltage.

* de altura = high, top-notch.

* de altura regulable = height-adjustable.

* de aluvión = alluvial.

* de ámbito estatal = statewide [state-wide].

* de amplio alcance = broad in scope.

* de antaño = of old, age-old, old-time, of yore, of olden days, of yesteryear, bygone, gone by.

* de antemano = in advance (of), beforehand.

* de antes de la guerra = pre-war [prewar].

* de antigua generación = low-end.

* de antiguo = from time immemorial.

* de apariencia = cosmetic.

* de apariencia engañosa = meretricious.

* de aplicación específica = special-purpose.

* de aplicación específica a un equipo de ordenador = hardware-based.

* de aplicación general = general-purpose, of general application.

* de apoyo = enabling, supportive.

* de aprovechamiento = exploitative.

* de aquel entonces = of that day.

* de aquí para allá = back and forth.

* de aquí te espero = tremendous, enormous, humongous [humungous], gianormous.

* de Arabia Saudí = Saudi Arabian.

* de archivo = archival, archive.

* de armas tomar = redoubtable.

* de arranque = bootable.

* de arriba abajo = from top to bottom, from head to toe, from head to foot.

* de arriba hacia abajo = top-down.

* de ascendencia + Adjetivo = of + Adjetivo + descent.

* de asesoramiento = consultative.

* de aspecto = looking.

* de aspecto antiguo = old-face.

* de aspecto complicado = complicated-looking.

* de aspecto delgado = lean-looking.

* de aspecto digno = dignified.

* de aspecto impresionante = impressive-looking.

* de aspecto nuevo = new-looking.

* de aspecto poco profesional = botched-up.

* de aspecto profesional = professional-looking.

* de aspecto ruinoso = run-down.

* de aspecto solemne = dignified.

* de atención básica = preattentive.

* de atención primaria = preattentive.

* de atrás = rear.

* de atrás para adelante = back and forth.

* de aupa = royal.

* de autodesprecio = self-deprecating.

* de autogestión = self-managing.

* de autoprotección = self-protective.

* de autosuficiencia = self-satisfied.

* de baja calidad = poor in detail, low-grade [lowgrade], low-quality, third rate [third-rate], low-end, trashy [trashier -comp., trashiest -sup.].

* de baja intensidad = low-intensity [low intensity].

* de baja ralea = ignoble.

* de bajísima calidad = shoddy.

* de bajo consumo = low energy.

* de bajo contenido en grasas = low fat.

* de bajo crecimiento = low-growing.

* de bajo nivel = lower-level, low-level.

* de bajo precio = low-priced.

* de bajo riesgo = low-risk.

* de balde = for free.

* de barrio = neighbourhood-based.

* de base popular = grassroots [grass-roots].

* de bienvenida = salutatory.

* de boca en boca = word-of-mouth, by word of mouth.

* de bodas = bridal.

* de Boole = Boolean.

* de bote en bote = packed to capacity, choc-a-block, chock-full, densely packed, packed, packed to the rafters.

* de broma = humorously, teasingly.

* de bronce = brass.

* de buena calidad = good-quality.

* de buena disposición = good-natured.

* de buena fama = of good repute.

* de buena fe = bona fide, in good faith.

* de buena manera = good-humouredly, good-humoured.

* de buena reputación = of good repute.

* de buenas = on good terms.

* de buenas a primeras = right off the bat, suddenly, without warning, all of a sudden, just like that.

* de buena vecindad = neighbourly [neighborly, -USA].

* de buena voluntad = in good faith.

* de buen corazón = kind-hearted, good-hearted, big-hearted.

* de buen grado = willing, good-humouredly, good-humoured, good-naturedly.

* de buen gusto = tasteful.

* de buen humor = good-humouredly, good-humoured, in good humour.

* de buenos modales = well-mannered.

* de buen vecino = neighbourly [neighborly, -USA].

* de buen ver = good looking.

* de bulla y corriendo = in a rush.

* de caballo = huge, humongous [humungous], massive, gianormous.

* de cabo a rabo = lock, stock and barrel, from head to toe, from head to foot.

* de cachondeo = teasingly.

* de cada día = day to day [day-to-day].

* de cada + Número + veces + Número = Número + times out of + Número.

* de caderas anchas = wide-hipped.

* de cajón = no-brainer.

* de calidad = authoritative, qualitative, quality, well-made, high-end, quality assured, value-added.

* de calidad inferior = low-grade [lowgrade], substandard [sub-standard], low-end.

* de calidad superior = best-quality, top quality.

* de camino = on the way, while we're at it.

* de camino a = en route for, on + Posesivo + way to, en route to.

* de campo = free-range.

* de campos fijos = fixed-field.

* de campus = campus-wide [campuswide].

* de capa caída = at a low ebb, in (the) doldrums.

* de capa y espada = cloak-and-dagger.

* de capital importancia = momentous, of cardinal importance.

* de cara a = face-to-face [face to face], facing.

* de carácter = in character.

* de carácter público = state-owned, government-owned, state-run, government-run, publicly owned [publicly-owned], publicly supported, publicly held.

* de carne = meaty [meatier -comp., meatiest -sup.].

* de carne y hueso = flesh-and-blood.

* de castigo = punitive.

* de casualidad = by accident, by a fluke, by chance, accidentally, by a stroke of (good) luck, by luck.

* de causas desconocidas = idiopathic.

* de cerámica = ceramic.

* de cerca = at close range, at close quarters.

* de chiripa = by a fluke, by a stroke of (good) luck, by chance, by luck.

* de cierto tipo = of a sort, of sorts.

* de cinco años = five yearly [five-yearly].

* de cinco días de duración = five-day.

* de cinco estrellas = 5-star [five-star].

* de cinco meses de duración = five-month-long.

* de civil = in plain clothes.

* de clasificación = classificatory.

* de clausura = cloistered.

* de clausura de congreso = end-of-conference.

* de cobre = cupric.

* de cojones = badass.

* de colegas = collegial, buddying.

* de Colombia = Colombian.

* de color = coloured [colored, -USA], non-white [nonwhite], full-colour, in colour.

* de color crema = creamy [creamier -comp., creamiest -sup.], creamy [creamier -comp., creamiest -sup.], cream-coloured.

* de color de bronce = brassy.

* de colores = full-colour, multi-colour [multi-color -USA].

* de colores vivos = colourful [colorful, -USA].

* de colorines = brightly coloured.

* de color marroncillo = brownish tinged.

* de color rojo = red-coloured.

* de color rosa = rose-coloured.

* de color verde botella = bottle green.

* de color verde oscuro = bottle green.

* de color y textura parecidos al carbón = carbonaceous.

* de comienzos de + Expresión Temporal = earliest + Expresión Temporal.

* de cómo = as to how.

* de compañeros = collegial.

* de complicidad = knowing.

* de comportamiento = behavioural [behavioral, -USA].

* de comportamiento impecable = prim and proper.

* de conceptos = concept-based.

* de conceptos múltiples = multiple-concept.

* de conducta = behavioural [behavioral, -USA].

* de confianza = reliable, trusted, trusting, reputable.

* de confirmación = confirmatory.

* de conformidad con = in compliance with, in keeping with.

* de conformidad con eso = accordingly.

* de conífera = coniferous.

* de construcción básica = brick and frame.

* de construcción sólida = solidly-built.

* de consulta fácil = scannable.

* de consulta mediante órdenes = command-based.

* de consumo = consumptive.

* de contenido enriquecido = content-enriched.

* de contrabando = bootleg.

* de contrapunto = contrapuntal.

* de Corea = Korean.

* de Corea del Sur = South Korean.

* de corral = free-range.

* de corta duración = short term [short-term].

* de corte + Adjetivo = of a + Adjetivo + nature.

* de cosecha propia = home-grown [home grown/homegrown].

* de costa a costa = coast-to-coast.

* de coste cero = zero-cost.

* de costumbre = usual, usually.

* de creación = authorial.

* de crecimiento continuo = steadily growing.

* de crecimiento más rápido = fastest-growing.

* de crecimiento rápido = fast-growing, fast-evolving.

* de cría intensiva = battery-caged.

* de crianza intensiva = battery-caged.

* de Crimea = Crimean.

* de cristal = glass.

* de crucial importancia = crucially important.

* de cualquier forma = in any event, in any way [in anyway], in any case, in any way at all.

* de cualquier forma posible = in any and all ways.

* de cualquier manera = anyhow, higgledy-piggledy, willy-nilly, in any way at all, in any way [in anyway].

* de cualquier modo = however, either way.

* de cualquier tipo = in any way [in anyway], in all forms.

* de cuando en cuando = every once in a while, every so often, every now and then, every now and again.

* de cuatro días de duración = four-day.

* de cuatro estrellas = four-star.

* de Cuba = Cuban.

* de cuerpo largo = long-bodied.

* de deficiente calidad = poor-quality, of poor quality.

* de delante hacia atrás = front to back, fore and aft.

* de densidad doble = double-density.

* de dentro hacia fuera = inside outwards.

* de derechas = right-wing.

* de derecho = de jure [iure].

* de derecho pero no de hecho = in name only.

* de desarrollo = developmental.

* de desarrollo autónomo = self-evolving.

* de desarrollo rápido = fast-evolving.

* de descargo = exonerating, exculpatory.

* de desconexión = cut-off.

* de descubrimiento reciente = newly-discovered.

* de desecho = discarded.

* de desempate = tie-breaker [tiebreaker], tie-breaking [tiebreaking].

* de desguace = written-off.

* de despedida = valedictory.

* de día = in the daytime, during the daytime, during daytime.

* de día a día = from day to day.

* de diámetro = in diameter.

* de diario = everyday.

* de día y de noche = day and night, night and day.

* de diesel = diesel-powered.

* de diferente modo = differently.

* de diferentes niveles = multi-tiered [multitiered], multi-tier [multitier].

* de diferentes tonalidades de gris = grey scale [gray scale].

* de difícil solución = intractable.

* de dinero = well-to-do, well-off.

* de dirección = directorial, administrative.

* de diseño abierto = open-plan, open-planned.

* de diversa índole = kaleidoscopic, of one type or another, of one sort or another, of one kind or another.

* de diversos tipos = of one type or another, of one sort or another, of one kind or another.

* de diverso tipo = of one type or another, of one sort or another, of one kind or another.

* de doble cara = double-hinged, double-sided.

* de doble filo = double-edged.

* de doble hoja = double-hinged.

* de doble sentido = double-edged, two-way.

* de doble uso = dual-use.

* de dolor = in pain.

* de dominio público = publicly owned [publicly-owned].

* de donde = whence, whence, from whence.

* ¿de dónde si no...? = where else...?, where else...?.

* de dos caras = two-sided, two-faced.

* de dos días de duración = two-day [2-day].

* de dos en dos = two at a time.

* de dos letras = two-letter.

* de dos niveles = two-tier.

* de dos páginas = two-page.

* de dos partidos políticos = bipartisan [bi-partisan].

* de dos patas = two-legged.

* de dos piernas = two-legged.

* de dos pies = two-legged.

* de dos plantas = two-storey [two-story].

* de dos tonalidades = bitonal.

* de dos tonos = bitonal.

* de dos volúmenes = two-volume.

* de duelo = in mourning.

* de duración limitada = timebound [time-bound].

* de Ecuador = Ecuadorian.

* de edad = elderly.

* de edad avanzada = over the hill.

* de edad escolar = school-age.

* de edad mediana = middle-aged.

* de edad universitaria = college-age.

* de elaboración de políticas = policy-forming.

* de ello = thereof, therefrom.

* de ellos = theirs.

* de embalsamar = embalming.

* de emisor a receptor = downstream.

* de encaje = lacy.

* de enmienda = amendatory.

* de ensueño = dream-like [dreamlike], picture-perfect.

* de entonces = of the day.

* de entreguerras = interwar.

* de entre los nuestros = in our ranks.

* de entretenimiento = recreational.

* de envergadura = heavy lifting.

* de época = vintage.

* de epopeya = epic.

* de esa época = of the period.

* de escándalo = outrageous.

* de ese modo = in doing so, in this,, thereby.

* de eso = thereof.

* de espaldas anchas = broad-shouldered.

* de especial importancia = of particular note.

* de espíritu cívico = public-spirited.

* de espíritu comunitario = public-spirited.

* de espíritu libre = free-spirited.

* de esta forma = in this fashion, in this manner, in this way.

* de esta manera = in this fashion, in this manner, in this way.

* de este modo = accordingly, by so doing, by this means, in so doing, in this fashion, in this manner, thereby, this way, thus, this way round, in this way, by doing so, in these ways, this is how, in doing so.

* de este modo, de esta forma, de esta manera = in this way.

* de esto, de lo otro y de lo de más allá = about this and that and everything else.

* de Estonia = Estonian.

* de esto y de lo otro = about this and that.

* de estructura de acero = steel-framed.

* de estructura de madera = timber-framed.

* de Europa del Este = Eastern European.

* de Europa Occidental = Western-European, West European.

* de evaluación = evaluative.

* de éxito = successful.

* de éxito asegurado = sure-fire [surefire].

* de éxito garantizado = sure-fire [surefire].

* de éxito seguro = sure-fire [surefire].

* de expansión = expanded.

* de explotación = exploitative.

* de extensión = in length.

* de extensión normal = standard-length.

* de extremada urgencia = serious.

* de fabricación casera = homemade.

* de fácil acceso = easily available, over the counter, handy.

* de fácil alcance para = within easy reach of.

* de fácil manejo = liftable.

* de facto = de facto.

* de fama = of note.

* de fama internacional = of international renown.

* de fama mundial = world-renowned, internationally renowned, world-renown.

* de felpa = plush.

* de fiar = legit.

* de fichas = card-based.

* de fijación de normas = standard(s) setting.

* de final de año = end-year.

* de final de mes = end-of-the-month.

* de finales del siglo XIX y principios del XX = turn-of-the-century.

* de fin de año = end of the year.

* de fin de milenio = millennial.

* de forma = in form.

* de forma abrumadora = overwhelmingly.

* de forma aceptable = adequately, acceptably.

* de forma adecuada = adequately, fitly, appropriately.

* de forma alternada = in alternating fashion.

* de forma alternativa = alternatively.

* de forma anónima = anonymously.

* de forma aplastante = overwhelmingly.

* de forma apreciable = markedly.

* de forma apropiada = properly, fitly, appropriately.

* de forma audible = audibly.

* de forma autónoma = autonomously.

* de forma caprichosa = capriciously.

* de formación = formative.

* de forma clara = clearly.

* de forma cognitiva = cognitively.

* de forma colegiada = collegially.

* de forma combinada = in combination.

* de forma competitiva = competitively.

* de forma complemenetaria = complimentarily.

* de forma completa = in full.

* de forma completa, en su totalidad, completamente, por extenso = in full.

* de forma concisa = concisely.

* de forma conjunta con = in partnership with.

* de forma considerable = considerably.

* de forma continuada = continuously.

* de forma cuadrada = squarish, square-shaped.

* de forma deductiva = deductively.

* de forma desastrosa = disastrously.

* de forma deshonesta = dishonestly.

* de forma diferente = differently shaped.

* de forma digital = digitally.

* de forma divertida = funnily.

* de forma económica = cost-effectively.

* de forma errática = erratically.

* de forma escandalosa = outrageously.

* de forma especulativa = speculatively.

* de forma estructurada = in a structured fashion.

* de forma exquisita = exquisitely.

* de forma extraña = oddly, funnily.

* de forma federal = federally.

* de forma general = widely, bulk.

* de forma global = holistically.

* de forma graciosa = funnily.

* de forma gratis = on a complimentary basis.

* de forma gratuita = on a complimentary basis.

* de forma grotesca = grotesquely.

* de forma heterogénea = heterogeneously [heterogenously].

* de forma heurística = heuristically.

* de forma humorística = in a humorous vein.

* de forma imaginativa = imaginatively.

* de forma indirecta = circuitous route.

* de forma inesperada = out of the blue, like a bolt out of the blue, like a bolt from the blue.

* de forma innata = innately.

* de forma irregular = erratically.

* de forma lamentable = miserably.

* de forma lógica = in a meaningful way.

* de forma mágica = magically.

* de forma mecánica = mechanically.

* de forma mordaz = pungently.

* de forma mordaz, mordazmente, con sarcasmo = pungently.

* de forma muy parecida a = in much the same way as.

* de forma muy similar a = in much the same way as.

* de forma negativa = in a negative light.

* de forma neutral = neutrally.

* de forma notoria = markedly.

* de forma opcional = optionally.

* de forma óptima = optimally.

* de forma personalizada = on a one-to-one basis.

* de forma poco ética = unethically.

* de forma poco imaginativa = unimaginatively.

* de forma poco profesional = unprofessionally.

* de forma poco razonable = unreasonably.

* de forma positiva = in a positive light, constructively.

* de forma práctica = pragmatically.

* de forma precisa = precisely.

* de forma provocativa = provocatively.

* de forma puntual = occasionally, when necessary.

* de forma que = in ways that.

* de forma que resulta más fácil de entender = in digestible form.

* de forma rara = oddly, funnily.

* de forma recíproca = reciprocally.

* de forma rentable = cost-effectively.

* de forma residual = residually.

* de forma ridícula = grotesquely.

* de forma saludable = healthily.

* de forma sana = healthily.

* de forma significativa = to any significant extent, to a significant extent.

* de forma sistemática = in a systematic fashion.

* de forma sofisticada = sophisticatedly.

* de forma subconsciente = subconsciously.

* de forma sublime = subliminally.

* de forma suscinta = in brief.

* de forma terapéutica = therapeutically.

* de forma tosca = in crude form.

* de forma trágica = tragically.

* de fotograma completo = full-frame.

* de fotograma doble = half-frame.

* de frente = head-on, frontal.

* de fuera = outside, off-side.

* de fuera de la ciudad = out-of-town.

* de fuerza = forceful.

* de funcionamiento = operating, operational.

* de fundamental importancia = of prime importance, critically important.

* de gala = gala.

* de Galileo = Galilean.

* de Gambia = Gambian.

* de gas = gas-powered.

* de generación a generación = from generation to generation.

* de generación en generación = from generation to generation.

* de geofísica = geophysical.

* de gestión = managerial, back-office.

* de gestión del museo = curatorial.

* de Glasgow = Glaswegian.

* de golpe = in one lump, all at once, all at once.

* de grado básico = junior grade.

* de gran ahorro energético = energy-saving.

* de gran belleza = scenic.

* de gran calibre = high-calibre.

* de gran calidad = high-quality, high-grade [high grade], high-calibre.

* de gran capacidad = large-capacity, high capacity.

* de gran colorido = brightly coloured.

* de gran corazón = big-hearted.

* de gran efecto = wide-reaching.

* de gran éxito comercial = high selling.

* de gran formato = oversized, oversize.

* de gran impacto = high impact [high-impact].

* de gran influencia = seminal.

* de granja = free-range.

* de gran lucidez = clear-sighted.

* de gran lujo = top-class.

* de gran potencia = high-powered.

* de gran repercusión = far-reaching, wide-reaching, far-ranging.

* de gran talento = talented.

* de gran valor = highly valued, highly valuable.

* de gran valor histórico = of great historical value.

* de gran venta = high selling.

* de guardia = on duty, duty + Profesión, on call.

* de guasa = teasingly.

* de habla afrikaans = Afrikaans-speaking.

* de habla alemana = German-speaking.

* de habla francesa = French-speaking.

* de habla inglesa = English-speaking.

* de habla portuguesa = Portuguese-speaking.

* de hace años = of years ago.

* de hace muchos años = long-standing.

* de hace mucho tiempo = age-old, long-lost.

* de hace siglos = of yore.

* de hace varios siglos = centuries-old.

* de hasta + Número = of up to + Número.

* de hecho = actually, as a matter of fact, as it happened, de facto, in actual fact, in effect, in fact, indeed, in point of fact, in actuality, as it happens, as it is, effectively, for all intents and purposes, to all intents and purposes, for that matter.

* de hierbas = herbal.

* de hierro = iron, ferric.

* de higos a brevas = once in a blue moon.

* de hoja caduca = deciduous.

* de hoja perenne = evergreen.

* de hojas largas = long-leaved.

* de Homero = Homeric.

* de hongos = fungal.

* de horticultura = horticultural.

* de hoy = present-day.

* de hoy día = of today.

* de hoy en adelante = as from today.

* de hoy en día = of today.

* de huelga = striking.

* de humor = funny [funnier -comp., funniest -sup.].

* de ida y vuelta = return, round-trip.

* de ideas afines = like-minded.

* de igual a igual = as a peer.

* de igual forma = in like manner, in a like manner, in like fashion, in like vein.

* de igual longitud = of equal length.

* de igual manera = by the same token, in like fashion, in like manner, in like vein, in equal measure(s).

* de igual modo = alike, equally, in like fashion, in like manner, in like vein.

* de igual modo que = just as, just as well... as..., along the lines of, on the lines (of).

* de igual + Nombre = equally + Adjetivo.

* de ilusiones vive el hombre = We are such stuff as dreams are made on.

* de imitación = copycat.

* de importancia = of note, of consequence.

* de importancia creciente = of growing importance.

* de importancia crucial = crucially important.

* de importancia fundamental = critically important.

* de improviso = unawares, spur-of-the-moment, on the spur of the moment, unexpectedly.

* de incalculable valor = priceless.

* de incógnito = incognito.

* de inferior calidad = low-end, sub-par.

* de inflexión = inflexional [inflectional].

* de inmediato = immediately.

* de inspiración = inspirational.

* de interés especial = of particular concern, special-interest.

* de intereses similares = of like interest.

* de interés general = general-interest, of general interest.

* de interés humano = human interest.

* de interés periodístico = newsworthy.

* de investigación = exploratory.

* de isótopos = isotopic.

* de izquierdas = left-wing, leftist, lefty.

* de jabón = soapy [soapier -comp., soapiest -sup.].

* de jarana = out on the town, a (late) night out on the town.

* de juerga = out on the town, a (late) night out on the town.

* de Kenia = Kenyan.

* de la "a" a la "zeta" = a to z [a/z o a-z].

* de la adolescencia = teenage.

* de la alcaldía = mayoral.

* de la cabeza a los pies = from head to foot, from head to toe.

* de la cara = facial.

* de la Ceca a la Meca = from pillar to post.

* de la clase blanca, protestante y anglosajona americana = WASPish.

* de la cóclea = cochlear.

* de la columna vertebral = spinal.

* de la comedia = comedic.

* de la corteza = crustal, cortical.

* de la cría de aves = avicultural.

* de la duramadre = dural.

* de la edad media = dark-age.

* de la embajada = ambassadorial.

* de la época = of the time(s), of the day.

* de la época isabelina = Elizabethan.

* de la época victoriana = Victorian.

* de la espina dorsal = spinal.

* de la extensión de un libro = book-length.

* de la fama al olvido = riches to rags.

* de la forma más difícil = the hard way.

* de la forma más fácil = the easy way .

* de la fortuna a la pobreza = riches to rags.

* de la fóvea = foveal.

* de la gama alta = high-end.

* de la gama baja = low-end.

* de la gama inferior = low-end.

* de la guerra = wartime [wart-time].

* de la hipótesis = hypothesised [hypothesized, -USA].

* de la localidad = locally based [locally-based].

* de la malaria = malarial.

* de la mama = mammary.

* de la mandíbula inferior = mandibular.

* de la mandíbula superior = maxillar, maxillary.

* de la manera normal = in the normal manner.

* de la mañana = a.m. (latín - ante meridiam), in the morning.

* de la máquina y el hombre = human-machine.

* de la marina = marine.

* de la mejor forma posible = to the best of + Posesivo + abili.

* * *
I
preposición

Sentido I

1) (en relaciones de pertenencia, posesión)

la casa de mis padres/de la actriz — my parents'/the actress's house

el rey de Francia — the king of France

el cumpleaños de Luis — Luis's birthday

no es de él/de ella/de ellos — it isn't his/hers/theirs

su padre de usted — (frml) your father

es un amigo de mi hijo/de la familia — he's a friend of my son's/the family

un estudiante de quinto año — a fifth-year student

la correa del perro — the dog's leash

un avión de Mexair — a Mexair plane

la tapa de la cacerola — the saucepan lid

las calles de la capital — the streets of the capital

la subida de los precios — the rise in prices

al término de la reunión — at the end of the meeting

2)

a) ( introduciendo un nombre en aposición) of

la ciudad de Lima — the city of Lima

el aeropuerto de Barajas — Barajas airport

el mes de enero — the month of January

b) ( con apellidos)

[de is also part of certain surnames like de León and de la Peña]

Sra. Mónica Ortiz de Arocena — ≈Mrs Mónica Arocena

los señores de Díaz — (frml) Mr and Mrs Díaz

las señoritas de Paz — (frml) the Misses Paz (frml)

c) ( en exclamaciones)

pobre de él! — poor him!

ay de mí! — (liter) woe is me! (liter)

Sentido II

3) (expresando procedencia, origen, tiempo) from

volvía del banco — I was on my way back from the bank

es de Bogotá — she's/she comes from Bogotá

una carta de Julia — a letter from Julia

lo saqué de la biblioteca — I got it out of the library

lo recogió del suelo — she picked it up off the floor

un hijo de su primera mujer — a son by his first wife

al salir de la tienda — as he left the store

un amigo de la infancia — a childhood friend

la literatura de ese período — the literature of o from that period

de un día para otro — from one day to the next

de... a... — from... to...

de aquí a tu casa — from here to your house

de nueve a cinco — it's open from nine to five

4) (al especificar material, contenido, composición)

son de plástico — they're (made of) plastic

una mesa de caoba — a mahogany table

una inyección de morfina — an injection of morphine, a morphine injection

un curso de secretariado — a secretarial course

un vaso de agua — a glass of water

una colección de sellos — a stamp collection

un millón de dólares — a million dollars

5) (expresando causa, modo)

murió de viejo — he died of old age

verde de envidia — green with envy

estaba ronco de tanto gritar — he was hoarse from shouting so much

temblando de miedo — trembling with fear

de memoria — by heart

lo tumbó de un golpe — he knocked him down with one blow

de dos en dos or (CS) de a dos — two at a time

de a poco/de a uno — (CS) little by little/one by one

Sentido III

6)

a) (introduciendo cualidades, características)

es de una paciencia increíble — he is incredibly patient

objetos de mucho valor — objects of great value

¿de qué color lo quiere? — what color do you want it?

tiene cara de aburrido — he looks bored

tienes cosas de niño — sometimes you act like a child

una botella de un litro — a liter bottle

un niño de tres meses — a three-month-old child

la chica de azul/del abrigo rojo — the girl in blue/in the red coat

un hombre de pelo largo — a man with long hair

b) ( refiriéndose a una etapa en la vida) as

de niño — as a o when he was a child

7) (indicando uso, destino, finalidad)

el cepillo de la ropa — the clothes brush

copas de vino — wine glasses

ropa de cama — bed clothes

dales algo de comer — give them something to eat

¿qué hay de postre? — what's for dessert?

8)

a) (al definir, especificar)

el botón de abajo — the bottom button

el vecino de al lado — the next-door neighbor

es muy bonita de cara — she has a pretty face

¿qué tal vamos de tiempo? — how are we doing for time?

tiene dos metros de ancho — it's two meters wide

es fácil/difícil de pronunciar — it's easy/difficult to pronounce

b) ( sentido partitivo) of

¿quién de ustedes fue? — which (one) of you was it?

se llevó uno de los míos — she took one of mine

el mayor de los Soto — the eldest of the Soto children

9) ( con sentido ponderativo)

lo encontré de viejo...! — he seemed so old!

qué de coches! — (fam) what a lot of cars!

10)

a) ( con cifras)

el número de estudiantes es de 480 — there are 480 students

pagan un interés del 15% — they pay 15% interest o interest at 15%

b) ( en comparaciones de cantidad) than

cuesta más de £100 — it costs more than o over £100

pesa menos de un kilo — it weighs less than o under a kilo

un número mayor/menor de 29 — a number over/under 29

c) ( con un superlativo)

es el más caro de todos — it's the most expensive one

la ciudad más grande del mundo — the biggest city in the world

11) ( refiriéndose a una parte del día)

duerme de día y trabaja de noche — she sleeps during the day and works at night

salieron de madrugada — they left very early in the morning

12) ( en calidad de) as

trabaja de secretaria — she works as a secretary

hace de rey en la obra — he plays (the part of) a king in the play

13) (en expresiones de estado, actividad)

de mal humor — in a bad mood

estamos de limpieza general/fiesta — we're spring-cleaning/having a party

14) ( en oraciones pasivas) by

una novela de Goytisolo — a novel by Goytisolo

una casa rodeada de árboles — a house surrounded by trees

Sentido IV

15) ( con sentido condicional)

a)

de + inf: de haberlo sabido, habría venido antes if I had known o had I known, I would have come earlier; de no ser así no será considerada — otherwise it will not be considered

b)

ser de + inf — (expresando necesidad, inevitabilidad)

es de esperar que... — it is to be hoped that...

es de destacar su actuación — her performance is worthy of note
II
femenino: name of the letter d

* * *

= across, in respect for, of, off, out of, from, featuring.

Ex: This arrangement may facilitate browsing across different kinds of materials.

Ex: The author of a document is the person or organisation responsible for its creation, that is, the writer of a text, the illustrator in respect for illustrations and others responsible for the intellectual content of a work.

Ex: These institutes brought together some of the most influential people in the field.

Ex: Having entered the next state and a highway off the turnpike, he was amazed by the extraordinary flatness of the land, especially in contrast to the hilly terrain he had grown up with back home.

Ex: However, out of the enormous abundance of information produced, only 50% is new while the rest is redundant.

Ex: From the analysis of some 5760 questions, Wilkinson and Miller developed a 'step approach' to differentiate reference questions according to how many judgmental steps were required to answer them.

Ex: The exhibition also contains a group of ink drawings featuring self-portraits and portraits inspired by classical sculpture.

* abogado de oficio = legal aid.

* actuar de otro modo = do + otherwise.

* alabanza de boquilla = lip service.

* alabar de boquilla = give + lip service.

* autorizado de antemano = pre-authorised [pre-authorized, -USA].

* cambiar de una vez a otra = change from + time to time, vary + from time to time.

* comenzar de nuevo = start + all over again.

* de... a = through.

* de abajo hacia arriba = bottom-up.

* de abolengo = well-born.

* de abordo = in-flight.

* de absorción = absorptive.

* de acá para allá = back and forth, to and fro.

* de acceso público = publicly accessible.

* de acceso rápido = fast-access.

* de acceso restringido = closed access.

* de acción = action-centered.

* de acompañante = in tow.

* de actitud = attitudinal.

* de actuación = for action.

* de actualidad = topical.

* de acuerdo = okay, granted, all right, in concert, in agreement, okeydokey! [okidoki], in consort.

* de acuerdo a = according to.

* de acuerdo con = according to, as far as + Nombre + be + concerned, consistent with, in harmony with, in accordance with, in concert with, in keeping with, in line with, in step with, in tune with, by, pursuant to, in concurrence with, based on, in agreement with, as far as + Sujeto + Verbo, in consonance with, in accord with, judging by, to judge by, in conformity with, in + Posesivo + view, judging from.

* de acuerdo con el tema = thematically.

* de acuerdo con este documento = hereunder.

* de acuerdo con esto = accordingly.

* de acuerdo con la búsqueda de cadenas de caracteres = on a string search basis.

* de acuerdo con la estación del año = seasonally.

* de acuerdo con la ley = according to law.

* de acuerdo con la tendencia hacia = in the trend towards.

* de acuerdo con + Nombre = going on + Nombre.

* de acuerdo con + Posesivo + opinión = in + Posesivo + view, in + Posesivo + opinion.

* de acuerdo con + Posesivo + parecer = in + Posesivo + view, in + Posesivo + opinion.

* de acuerdo con + Posesivo + bolsillo = according to + Posesivo + pocket.

* de acuerdo con + Pronombre = in + Posesivo + opinion, in + Posesivo + opinion.

* de adaptación = adaptive.

* de frica = African.

* de Africa occidental = West African.

* de agua = water-based.

* de aguas profundas = deep-sea.

* de ahí = therefrom.

* de ahí que = hence.

* de ahora en adelante = from now on, from this point on.

* de Alaska = Alaskan.

* de Albania = Albanian.

* de alcance estatal = nationwide [nation-wide].

* de alcance nacional = nationwide [nation-wide].

* de alcohol = spirit-based.

* de alguna forma = in one way or another, one way or another.

* de alguna manera = in some sense, in some way, somehow, in any sense, some way.

* de alguna otra forma = in any other way.

* de algún modo = in any way [in anyway], somehow, after a fashion, in some form, some way.

* de algún modo + Adjetivo = otherwise + Adjetivo.

* de algún modo u otro = of some sort.

* de algún tiempo a esta parte = for some time now.

* de algún tipo = of some description.

* de algún tipo u otro = of some sort.

* de alta alcurnia = well-born.

* de alta cuna = well-born.

* de alta densidad = high-density.

* de alta energía = high energy.

* de alta fidelidad = hi-fi.

* de alta mar = offshore, sea-going, ocean-going.

* de alta potencia = high power.

* de alta presión = high-pressured, high-pressure.

* de alta productividad = high-performance.

* de alta resistencia = heavy-duty.

* de alta tecnología = high-tech, high-technology.

* de alta tensión = heavy-current.

* de alta velocidad = high-speed.

* de alto abolengo = well-born.

* de alto ahorro energético = energy-saving.

* de alto nivel = of a high order, high level [high-level], high-powered.

* de alto rango = high-ranking, highly placed.

* de alto rendimiento = high-performance, heavy-duty.

* de altos vuelos = high-flying, high-powered.

* de alto voltaje = high-voltage.

* de altura = high, top-notch.

* de altura regulable = height-adjustable.

* de aluvión = alluvial.

* de ámbito estatal = statewide [state-wide].

* de amplio alcance = broad in scope.

* de antaño = of old, age-old, old-time, of yore, of olden days, of yesteryear, bygone, gone by.

* de antemano = in advance (of), beforehand.

* de antes de la guerra = pre-war [prewar].

* de antigua generación = low-end.

* de antiguo = from time immemorial.

* de apariencia = cosmetic.

* de apariencia engañosa = meretricious.

* de aplicación específica = special-purpose.

* de aplicación específica a un equipo de ordenador = hardware-based.

* de aplicación general = general-purpose, of general application.

* de apoyo = enabling, supportive.

* de aprovechamiento = exploitative.

* de aquel entonces = of that day.

* de aquí para allá = back and forth.

* de aquí te espero = tremendous, enormous, humongous [humungous], gianormous.

* de Arabia Saudí = Saudi Arabian.

* de archivo = archival, archive.

* de armas tomar = redoubtable.

* de arranque = bootable.

* de arriba abajo = from top to bottom, from head to toe, from head to foot.

* de arriba hacia abajo = top-down.

* de ascendencia + Adjetivo = of + Adjetivo + descent.

* de asesoramiento = consultative.

* de aspecto = looking.

* de aspecto antiguo = old-face.

* de aspecto complicado = complicated-looking.

* de aspecto delgado = lean-looking.

* de aspecto digno = dignified.

* de aspecto impresionante = impressive-looking.

* de aspecto nuevo = new-looking.

* de aspecto poco profesional = botched-up.

* de aspecto profesional = professional-looking.

* de aspecto ruinoso = run-down.

* de aspecto solemne = dignified.

* de atención básica = preattentive.

* de atención primaria = preattentive.

* de atrás = rear.

* de atrás para adelante = back and forth.

* de aupa = royal.

* de autodesprecio = self-deprecating.

* de autogestión = self-managing.

* de autoprotección = self-protective.

* de autosuficiencia = self-satisfied.

* de baja calidad = poor in detail, low-grade [lowgrade], low-quality, third rate [third-rate], low-end, trashy [trashier -comp., trashiest -sup.].

* de baja intensidad = low-intensity [low intensity].

* de baja ralea = ignoble.

* de bajísima calidad = shoddy.

* de bajo consumo = low energy.

* de bajo contenido en grasas = low fat.

* de bajo crecimiento = low-growing.

* de bajo nivel = lower-level, low-level.

* de bajo precio = low-priced.

* de bajo riesgo = low-risk.

* de balde = for free.

* de barrio = neighbourhood-based.

* de base popular = grassroots [grass-roots].

* de bienvenida = salutatory.

* de boca en boca = word-of-mouth, by word of mouth.

* de bodas = bridal.

* de Boole = Boolean.

* de bote en bote = packed to capacity, choc-a-block, chock-full, densely packed, packed, packed to the rafters.

* de broma = humorously, teasingly.

* de bronce = brass.

* de buena calidad = good-quality.

* de buena disposición = good-natured.

* de buena fama = of good repute.

* de buena fe = bona fide, in good faith.

* de buena manera = good-humouredly, good-humoured.

* de buena reputación = of good repute.

* de buenas = on good terms.

* de buenas a primeras = right off the bat, suddenly, without warning, all of a sudden, just like that.

* de buena vecindad = neighbourly [neighborly, -USA].

* de buena voluntad = in good faith.

* de buen corazón = kind-hearted, good-hearted, big-hearted.

* de buen grado = willing, good-humouredly, good-humoured, good-naturedly.

* de buen gusto = tasteful.

* de buen humor = good-humouredly, good-humoured, in good humour.

* de buenos modales = well-mannered.

* de buen vecino = neighbourly [neighborly, -USA].

* de buen ver = good looking.

* de bulla y corriendo = in a rush.

* de caballo = huge, humongous [humungous], massive, gianormous.

* de cabo a rabo = lock, stock and barrel, from head to toe, from head to foot.

* de cachondeo = teasingly.

* de cada día = day to day [day-to-day].

* de cada + Número + veces + Número = Número + times out of + Número.

* de caderas anchas = wide-hipped.

* de cajón = no-brainer.

* de calidad = authoritative, qualitative, quality, well-made, high-end, quality assured, value-added.

* de calidad inferior = low-grade [lowgrade], substandard [sub-standard], low-end.

* de calidad superior = best-quality, top quality.

* de camino = on the way, while we're at it.

* de camino a = en route for, on + Posesivo + way to, en route to.

* de campo = free-range.

* de campos fijos = fixed-field.

* de campus = campus-wide [campuswide].

* de capa caída = at a low ebb, in (the) doldrums.

* de capa y espada = cloak-and-dagger.

* de capital importancia = momentous, of cardinal importance.

* de cara a = face-to-face [face to face], facing.

* de carácter = in character.

* de carácter público = state-owned, government-owned, state-run, government-run, publicly owned [publicly-owned], publicly supported, publicly held.

* de carne = meaty [meatier -comp., meatiest -sup.].

* de carne y hueso = flesh-and-blood.

* de castigo = punitive.

* de casualidad = by accident, by a fluke, by chance, accidentally, by a stroke of (good) luck, by luck.

* de causas desconocidas = idiopathic.

* de cerámica = ceramic.

* de cerca = at close range, at close quarters.

* de chiripa = by a fluke, by a stroke of (good) luck, by chance, by luck.

* de cierto tipo = of a sort, of sorts.

* de cinco años = five yearly [five-yearly].

* de cinco días de duración = five-day.

* de cinco estrellas = 5-star [five-star].

* de cinco meses de duración = five-month-long.

* de civil = in plain clothes.

* de clasificación = classificatory.

* de clausura = cloistered.

* de clausura de congreso = end-of-conference.

* de cobre = cupric.

* de cojones = badass.

* de colegas = collegial, buddying.

* de Colombia = Colombian.

* de color = coloured [colored, -USA], non-white [nonwhite], full-colour, in colour.

* de color crema = creamy [creamier -comp., creamiest -sup.], creamy [creamier -comp., creamiest -sup.], cream-coloured.

* de color de bronce = brassy.

* de colores = full-colour, multi-colour [multi-color -USA].

* de colores vivos = colourful [colorful, -USA].

* de colorines = brightly coloured.

* de color marroncillo = brownish tinged.

* de color rojo = red-coloured.

* de color rosa = rose-coloured.

* de color verde botella = bottle green.

* de color verde oscuro = bottle green.

* de color y textura parecidos al carbón = carbonaceous.

* de comienzos de + Expresión Temporal = earliest + Expresión Temporal.

* de cómo = as to how.

* de compañeros = collegial.

* de complicidad = knowing.

* de comportamiento = behavioural [behavioral, -USA].

* de comportamiento impecable = prim and proper.

* de conceptos = concept-based.

* de conceptos múltiples = multiple-concept.

* de conducta = behavioural [behavioral, -USA].

* de confianza = reliable, trusted, trusting, reputable.

* de confirmación = confirmatory.

* de conformidad con = in compliance with, in keeping with.

* de conformidad con eso = accordingly.

* de conífera = coniferous.

* de construcción básica = brick and frame.

* de construcción sólida = solidly-built.

* de consulta fácil = scannable.

* de consulta mediante órdenes = command-based.

* de consumo = consumptive.

* de contenido enriquecido = content-enriched.

* de contrabando = bootleg.

* de contrapunto = contrapuntal.

* de Corea = Korean.

* de Corea del Sur = South Korean.

* de corral = free-range.

* de corta duración = short term [short-term].

* de corte + Adjetivo = of a + Adjetivo + nature.

* de cosecha propia = home-grown [home grown/homegrown].

* de costa a costa = coast-to-coast.

* de coste cero = zero-cost.

* de costumbre = usual, usually.

* de creación = authorial.

* de crecimiento continuo = steadily growing.

* de crecimiento más rápido = fastest-growing.

* de crecimiento rápido = fast-growing, fast-evolving.

* de cría intensiva = battery-caged.

* de crianza intensiva = battery-caged.

* de Crimea = Crimean.

* de cristal = glass.

* de crucial importancia = crucially important.

* de cualquier forma = in any event, in any way [in anyway], in any case, in any way at all.

* de cualquier forma posible = in any and all ways.

* de cualquier manera = anyhow, higgledy-piggledy, willy-nilly, in any way at all, in any way [in anyway].

* de cualquier modo = however, either way.

* de cualquier tipo = in any way [in anyway], in all forms.

* de cuando en cuando = every once in a while, every so often, every now and then, every now and again.

* de cuatro días de duración = four-day.

* de cuatro estrellas = four-star.

* de Cuba = Cuban.

* de cuerpo largo = long-bodied.

* de deficiente calidad = poor-quality, of poor quality.

* de delante hacia atrás = front to back, fore and aft.

* de densidad doble = double-density.

* de dentro hacia fuera = inside outwards.

* de derechas = right-wing.

* de derecho = de jure [iure].

* de derecho pero no de hecho = in name only.

* de desarrollo = developmental.

* de desarrollo autónomo = self-evolving.

* de desarrollo rápido = fast-evolving.

* de descargo = exonerating, exculpatory.

* de desconexión = cut-off.

* de descubrimiento reciente = newly-discovered.

* de desecho = discarded.

* de desempate = tie-breaker [tiebreaker], tie-breaking [tiebreaking].

* de desguace = written-off.

* de despedida = valedictory.

* de día = in the daytime, during the daytime, during daytime.

* de día a día = from day to day.

* de diámetro = in diameter.

* de diario = everyday.

* de día y de noche = day and night, night and day.

* de diesel = diesel-powered.

* de diferente modo = differently.

* de diferentes niveles = multi-tiered [multitiered], multi-tier [multitier].

* de diferentes tonalidades de gris = grey scale [gray scale].

* de difícil solución = intractable.

* de dinero = well-to-do, well-off.

* de dirección = directorial, administrative.

* de diseño abierto = open-plan, open-planned.

* de diversa índole = kaleidoscopic, of one type or another, of one sort or another, of one kind or another.

* de diversos tipos = of one type or another, of one sort or another, of one kind or another.

* de diverso tipo = of one type or another, of one sort or another, of one kind or another.

* de doble cara = double-hinged, double-sided.

* de doble filo = double-edged.

* de doble hoja = double-hinged.

* de doble sentido = double-edged, two-way.

* de doble uso = dual-use.

* de dolor = in pain.

* de dominio público = publicly owned [publicly-owned].

* de donde = whence, whence, from whence.

* ¿de dónde si no...? = where else...?, where else...?.

* de dos caras = two-sided, two-faced.

* de dos días de duración = two-day [2-day].

* de dos en dos = two at a time.

* de dos letras = two-letter.

* de dos niveles = two-tier.

* de dos páginas = two-page.

* de dos partidos políticos = bipartisan [bi-partisan].

* de dos patas = two-legged.

* de dos piernas = two-legged.

* de dos pies = two-legged.

* de dos plantas = two-storey [two-story].

* de dos tonalidades = bitonal.

* de dos tonos = bitonal.

* de dos volúmenes = two-volume.

* de duelo = in mourning.

* de duración limitada = timebound [time-bound].

* de Ecuador = Ecuadorian.

* de edad = elderly.

* de edad avanzada = over the hill.

* de edad escolar = school-age.

* de edad mediana = middle-aged.

* de edad universitaria = college-age.

* de elaboración de políticas = policy-forming.

* de ello = thereof, therefrom.

* de ellos = theirs.

* de embalsamar = embalming.

* de emisor a receptor = downstream.

* de encaje = lacy.

* de enmienda = amendatory.

* de ensueño = dream-like [dreamlike], picture-perfect.

* de entonces = of the day.

* de entreguerras = interwar.

* de entre los nuestros = in our ranks.

* de entretenimiento = recreational.

* de envergadura = heavy lifting.

* de época = vintage.

* de epopeya = epic.

* de esa época = of the period.

* de escándalo = outrageous.

* de ese modo = in doing so, in this,, thereby.

* de eso = thereof.

* de espaldas anchas = broad-shouldered.

* de especial importancia = of particular note.

* de espíritu cívico = public-spirited.

* de espíritu comunitario = public-spirited.

* de espíritu libre = free-spirited.

* de esta forma = in this fashion, in this manner, in this way.

* de esta manera = in this fashion, in this manner, in this way.

* de este modo = accordingly, by so doing, by this means, in so doing, in this fashion, in this manner, thereby, this way, thus, this way round, in this way, by doing so, in these ways, this is how, in doing so.

* de este modo, de esta forma, de esta manera = in this way.

* de esto, de lo otro y de lo de más allá = about this and that and everything else.

* de Estonia = Estonian.

* de esto y de lo otro = about this and that.

* de estructura de acero = steel-framed.

* de estructura de madera = timber-framed.

* de Europa del Este = Eastern European.

* de Europa Occidental = Western-European, West European.

* de evaluación = evaluative.

* de éxito = successful.

* de éxito asegurado = sure-fire [surefire].

* de éxito garantizado = sure-fire [surefire].

* de éxito seguro = sure-fire [surefire].

* de expansión = expanded.

* de explotación = exploitative.

* de extensión = in length.

* de extensión normal = standard-length.

* de extremada urgencia = serious.

* de fabricación casera = homemade.

* de fácil acceso = easily available, over the counter, handy.

* de fácil alcance para = within easy reach of.

* de fácil manejo = liftable.

* de facto = de facto.

* de fama = of note.

* de fama internacional = of international renown.

* de fama mundial = world-renowned, internationally renowned, world-renown.

* de felpa = plush.

* de fiar = legit.

* de fichas = card-based.

* de fijación de normas = standard(s) setting.

* de final de año = end-year.

* de final de mes = end-of-the-month.

* de finales del siglo XIX y principios del XX = turn-of-the-century.

* de fin de año = end of the year.

* de fin de milenio = millennial.

* de forma = in form.

* de forma abrumadora = overwhelmingly.

* de forma aceptable = adequately, acceptably.

* de forma adecuada = adequately, fitly, appropriately.

* de forma alternada = in alternating fashion.

* de forma alternativa = alternatively.

* de forma anónima = anonymously.

* de forma aplastante = overwhelmingly.

* de forma apreciable = markedly.

* de forma apropiada = properly, fitly, appropriately.

* de forma audible = audibly.

* de forma autónoma = autonomously.

* de forma caprichosa = capriciously.

* de formación = formative.

* de forma clara = clearly.

* de forma cognitiva = cognitively.

* de forma colegiada = collegially.

* de forma combinada = in combination.

* de forma competitiva = competitively.

* de forma complemenetaria = complimentarily.

* de forma completa = in full.

* de forma completa, en su totalidad, completamente, por extenso = in full.

* de forma concisa = concisely.

* de forma conjunta con = in partnership with.

* de forma considerable = considerably.

* de forma continuada = continuously.

* de forma cuadrada = squarish, square-shaped.

* de forma deductiva = deductively.

* de forma desastrosa = disastrously.

* de forma deshonesta = dishonestly.

* de forma diferente = differently shaped.

* de forma digital = digitally.

* de forma divertida = funnily.

* de forma económica = cost-effectively.

* de forma errática = erratically.

* de forma escandalosa = outrageously.

* de forma especulativa = speculatively.

* de forma estructurada = in a structured fashion.

* de forma exquisita = exquisitely.

* de forma extraña = oddly, funnily.

* de forma federal = federally.

* de forma general = widely, bulk.

* de forma global = holistically.

* de forma graciosa = funnily.

* de forma gratis = on a complimentary basis.

* de forma gratuita = on a complimentary basis.

* de forma grotesca = grotesquely.

* de forma heterogénea = heterogeneously [heterogenously].

* de forma heurística = heuristically.

* de forma humorística = in a humorous vein.

* de forma imaginativa = imaginatively.

* de forma indirecta = circuitous route.

* de forma inesperada = out of the blue, like a bolt out of the blue, like a bolt from the blue.

* de forma innata = innately.

* de forma irregular = erratically.

* de forma lamentable = miserably.

* de forma lógica = in a meaningful way.

* de forma mágica = magically.

* de forma mecánica = mechanically.

* de forma mordaz = pungently.

* de forma mordaz, mordazmente, con sarcasmo = pungently.

* de forma muy parecida a = in much the same way as.

* de forma muy similar a = in much the same way as.

* de forma negativa = in a negative light.

* de forma neutral = neutrally.

* de forma notoria = markedly.

* de forma opcional = optionally.

* de forma óptima = optimally.

* de forma personalizada = on a one-to-one basis.

* de forma poco ética = unethically.

* de forma poco imaginativa = unimaginatively.

* de forma poco profesional = unprofessionally.

* de forma poco razonable = unreasonably.

* de forma positiva = in a positive light, constructively.

* de forma práctica = pragmatically.

* de forma precisa = precisely.

* de forma provocativa = provocatively.

* de forma puntual = occasionally, when necessary.

* de forma que = in ways that.

* de forma que resulta más fácil de entender = in digestible form.

* de forma rara = oddly, funnily.

* de forma recíproca = reciprocally.

* de forma rentable = cost-effectively.

* de forma residual = residually.

* de forma ridícula = grotesquely.

* de forma saludable = healthily.

* de forma sana = healthily.

* de forma significativa = to any significant extent, to a significant extent.

* de forma sistemática = in a systematic fashion.

* de forma sofisticada = sophisticatedly.

* de forma subconsciente = subconsciously.

* de forma sublime = subliminally.

* de forma suscinta = in brief.

* de forma terapéutica = therapeutically.

* de forma tosca = in crude form.

* de forma trágica = tragically.

* de fotograma completo = full-frame.

* de fotograma doble = half-frame.

* de frente = head-on, frontal.

* de fuera = outside, off-side.

* de fuera de la ciudad = out-of-town.

* de fuerza = forceful.

* de funcionamiento = operating, operational.

* de fundamental importancia = of prime importance, critically important.

* de gala = gala.

* de Galileo = Galilean.

* de Gambia = Gambian.

* de gas = gas-powered.

* de generación a generación = from generation to generation.

* de generación en generación = from generation to generation.

* de geofísica = geophysical.

* de gestión = managerial, back-office.

* de gestión del museo = curatorial.

* de Glasgow = Glaswegian.

* de golpe = in one lump, all at once, all at once.

* de grado básico = junior grade.

* de gran ahorro energético = energy-saving.

* de gran belleza = scenic.

* de gran calibre = high-calibre.

* de gran calidad = high-quality, high-grade [high grade], high-calibre.

* de gran capacidad = large-capacity, high capacity.

* de gran colorido = brightly coloured.

* de gran corazón = big-hearted.

* de gran efecto = wide-reaching.

* de gran éxito comercial = high selling.

* de gran formato = oversized, oversize.

* de gran impacto = high impact [high-impact].

* de gran influencia = seminal.

* de granja = free-range.

* de gran lucidez = clear-sighted.

* de gran lujo = top-class.

* de gran potencia = high-powered.

* de gran repercusión = far-reaching, wide-reaching, far-ranging.

* de gran talento = talented.

* de gran valor = highly valued, highly valuable.

* de gran valor histórico = of great historical value.

* de gran venta = high selling.

* de guardia = on duty, duty + Profesión, on call.

* de guasa = teasingly.

* de habla afrikaans = Afrikaans-speaking.

* de habla alemana = German-speaking.

* de habla francesa = French-speaking.

* de habla inglesa = English-speaking.

* de habla portuguesa = Portuguese-speaking.

* de hace años = of years ago.

* de hace muchos años = long-standing.

* de hace mucho tiempo = age-old, long-lost.

* de hace siglos = of yore.

* de hace varios siglos = centuries-old.

* de hasta + Número = of up to + Número.

* de hecho = actually, as a matter of fact, as it happened, de facto, in actual fact, in effect, in fact, indeed, in point of fact, in actuality, as it happens, as it is, effectively, for all intents and purposes, to all intents and purposes, for that matter.

* de hierbas = herbal.

* de hierro = iron, ferric.

* de higos a brevas = once in a blue moon.

* de hoja caduca = deciduous.

* de hoja perenne = evergreen.

* de hojas largas = long-leaved.

* de Homero = Homeric.

* de hongos = fungal.

* de horticultura = horticultural.

* de hoy = present-day.

* de hoy día = of today.

* de hoy en adelante = as from today.

* de hoy en día = of today.

* de huelga = striking.

* de humor = funny [funnier -comp., funniest -sup.].

* de ida y vuelta = return, round-trip.

* de ideas afines = like-minded.

* de igual a igual = as a peer.

* de igual forma = in like manner, in a like manner, in like fashion, in like vein.

* de igual longitud = of equal length.

* de igual manera = by the same token, in like fashion, in like manner, in like vein, in equal measure(s).

* de igual modo = alike, equally, in like fashion, in like manner, in like vein.

* de igual modo que = just as, just as well... as..., along the lines of, on the lines (of).

* de igual + Nombre = equally + Adjetivo.

* de ilusiones vive el hombre = We are such stuff as dreams are made on.

* de imitación = copycat.

* de importancia = of note, of consequence.

* de importancia creciente = of growing importance.

* de importancia crucial = crucially important.

* de importancia fundamental = critically important.

* de improviso = unawares, spur-of-the-moment, on the spur of the moment, unexpectedly.

* de incalculable valor = priceless.

* de incógnito = incognito.

* de inferior calidad = low-end, sub-par.

* de inflexión = inflexional [inflectional].

* de inmediato = immediately.

* de inspiración = inspirational.

* de interés especial = of particular concern, special-interest.

* de intereses similares = of like interest.

* de interés general = general-interest, of general interest.

* de interés humano = human interest.

* de interés periodístico = newsworthy.

* de investigación = exploratory.

* de isótopos = isotopic.

* de izquierdas = left-wing, leftist, lefty.

* de jabón = soapy [soapier -comp., soapiest -sup.].

* de jarana = out on the town, a (late) night out on the town.

* de juerga = out on the town, a (late) night out on the town.

* de Kenia = Kenyan.

* de la "a" a la "zeta" = a to z [a/z o a-z].

* de la adolescencia = teenage.

* de la alcaldía = mayoral.

* de la cabeza a los pies = from head to foot, from head to toe.

* de la cara = facial.

* de la Ceca a la Meca = from pillar to post.

* de la clase blanca, protestante y anglosajona americana = WASPish.

* de la cóclea = cochlear.

* de la columna vertebral = spinal.

* de la comedia = comedic.

* de la corteza = crustal, cortical.

* de la cría de aves = avicultural.

* de la duramadre = dural.

* de la edad media = dark-age.

* de la embajada = ambassadorial.

* de la época = of the time(s), of the day.

* de la época isabelina = Elizabethan.

* de la época victoriana = Victorian.

* de la espina dorsal = spinal.

* de la extensión de un libro = book-length.

* de la fama al olvido = riches to rags.

* de la forma más difícil = the hard way.

* de la forma más fácil = the easy way.

* de la fortuna a la pobreza = riches to rags.

* de la fóvea = foveal.

* de la gama alta = high-end.

* de la gama baja = low-end.

* de la gama inferior = low-end.

* de la guerra = wartime [wart-time].

* de la hipótesis = hypothesised [hypothesized, -USA].

* de la localidad = locally based [locally-based].

* de la malaria = malarial.

* de la mama = mammary.

* de la mandíbula inferior = mandibular.

* de la mandíbula superior = maxillar, maxillary.

* de la manera normal = in the normal manner.

* de la mañana = a.m. (latín - ante meridiam), in the morning.

* de la máquina y el hombre = human-machine.

* de la marina = marine.

* de la mejor forma posible = to the best of + Posesivo + abili

* * *

de¹

prep

[ Grammar notes (Spanish) ]

Sentido I

A

(en relaciones de pertenencia, posesión): la casa de mi hermano/de mis padres/de la actriz my brother's/my parents'/the actress's house

el rey de Francia the king of France

el cumpleaños de Luis Luis's birthday

el cumpleaños de la esposa de un compañero a colleague's wife's birthday, the birthday of the wife of one of my colleagues

no es de él/de ella/de ellos it isn't his/hers/theirs

su padre de usted ( frml); your father

un amigo de mi hijo a friend of my son's

es un amigo de la familia he's a friend of the family o a family friend

un estudiante de quinto año a fifth-year student

el nieto de los Arteaga the Arteagas' grandson

la mesa de la cocina the kitchen table

la correa del perro the dog's leash

un avión de Mexair a Mexair plane

la tapa de la cacerola the saucepan lid

las calles de la capital the streets of the capital, the capital's streets

la subida de los precios the rise in prices

al término de la reunión at the end of the meeting

B

1 (introduciendo un nombre en aposición) of

la ciudad de Lima the city of Lima

el aeropuerto de Barajas Barajas airport

el mes de enero the month of January

el imbécil de tu hermano that stupid brother of yours, your stupid brother

el bueno de Ricardo le aguanta cualquier cosa Ricardo is so good, he puts up with anything from her

2

(en exclamaciones): ¡pobre de él! poor him!

¡triste de quien no conozca ese sentimiento! ( liter); pity the person who has never experienced that feeling! ( liter)

C

(con apellidos): Sra. Mónica Ortiz de Arocena ≈ Mrs Mónica Arocena

los señores de Rucabado ( frml); Mr and Mrs Rucabado

las señoritas de Paz ( frml); the Misses Paz ( frml) [de is also part of certain surnames like de León and de la Peña]

D

( Arg crit) (a casa de): voy del médico I'm going to the doctor's

Sentido II

A

1

(expresando procedencia, origen): volvía de clase/del banco I was on my way back from my class/from the bank

es de Bogotá she's from Bogotá, she comes from Bogotá

lo saqué de la biblioteca I got it out of the library

lo recogió del suelo she picked it up off the floor

mis amigos de América my American friends, my friends from America

he recibido carta de Julia I've had a letter from Julia

un hijo de su primera mujer a son by his first wife

al salir de la tienda as he left the store

DE … A …:

de aquí a tu casa from here to your house

2 (en el tiempo) from

un amigo de la infancia a childhood friend

data del siglo XVII it dates from the 17th century

la literatura de ese período the literature of o from that period

lo conozco de cuando estuve en Rosales I know him from when I was in Rosales

de un día para otro from one day to the next

DE … A …:

está abierto de nueve a cinco it's open from nine to five o between nine and five

de aquí a que termine tenemos para rato it'll be a while yet before he finishes, he won't be finished for a while yet

B

(expresando causa): murió de viejo he died of old age

verde de envidia green with envy

estaba ronco de tanto gritar he was hoarse from shouting so much

eso es de comer tan poco that's what comes from o of eating so little

Sentido III

A

(introduciendo cualidades, características): es de una paciencia increíble he is incredibly patient, he is a man of incredible patience

un chiste de muy mal gusto a joke in very bad taste

objetos de mucho valor objects of great value

un pez de agua dulce a freshwater fish

¿de qué color lo quiere? what color do you want it?

tiene cara de aburrido he looks bored

ese gesto es muy de su madre that gesture is very reminiscent of his mother

tienes cosas de niño malcriado sometimes you act like a spoiled child

una botella de un litro a liter bottle

un niño de tres meses a three-month-old child

déme de las de 200 pesos el kilo give me some of those o some of the ones at 200 pesos a kilo

la chica del abrigo rojo the girl with o in the red coat

la señora de azul the lady in blue

un hombre de pelo largo a man with long hair

un anciano de bastón an old man with a stick [de is part of many compounds like cinturón de seguridad, hombre de negocios, válvula de escape, etc ]

B

(al especificar material, contenido, composición): una mesa de caoba a mahogany table

una inyección de morfina an injection of morphine, a morphine injection

el complemento ideal de todo plato de pescado the ideal complement to any fish dish

son de plástico they're (made of) plastic

un curso de secretariado a secretarial course

nos sirvió una copa de champán she gave us a glass of champagne

una colección de sellos a stamp collection, a collection of stamps

un millón de dólares a million dollars

C

(con sentido ponderativo): ¡lo encontré de viejo …! he seemed so old!

¡qué de coches! ( fam); what a lot of cars!

D

(al definir, especificar): tuvo la suerte de conseguirlo she was lucky enough to get it

aprieta el botón de abajo press the bottom button

E

1

(con cifras): el número de estudiantes es de 480 the number of students is 480, there are 480 students

pagan un interés del 15% they pay 15% interest o interest at 15%

2 (en comparaciones de cantidad) than

cuesta más de £100 it costs more than o over £100

pesa menos de un kilo it weighs less than o under a kilo

un número mayor/menor de 29 a number over/under 29

3

(en expresiones de modo): lo tumbó de un golpe he knocked him down with one blow

subió los escalones de dos en dos he went up the stairs two at a time

de a poco (CS); little by little, gradually

4

(CS): de a cuatro/ocho/diez: colócalos de a dos/cuatro put them in twos/fours

entraron de a uno they went in one by one o one at a time [de is part of many expressions entered under frente² m A 2. (↑ frente (2)), improviso, prisa etc]

F (en calidad de) as

está de profesor en una academia he's working as a teacher in a private school

le ofrecieron un puesto de redactor they offered him a job as an editor

hace de enanito en la obra he plays (the part of) a dwarf in the play

le habló de hombre a hombre he talked to him man to man

G

1

(limitando lo expresado a determinado aspecto): es muy bonita de cara she has a pretty face

es corto de talle/ancho de hombros he's short-waisted/broad-shouldered

es sorda de un oído she's deaf in one ear

¿qué tal vamos de tiempo? how are we doing for time?

tiene dos metros de ancho it's two meters wide

2

(refiriéndose a una etapa de la vida): de niño as a child, when he was a child

H

(en expresiones de estado, actividad): estaba de mal humor she was in a bad mood

estamos de limpieza general we're spring-cleaning [de is part of many expressions entered under juerga, picnic, obra etc]

I

(indicando uso, destino, finalidad): el cepillo de la ropa the clothes brush

el trapo de limpiar la plata the cloth for cleaning the silver

lo sirvió en copas de champán he served it in champagne glasses

dales algo de comer give them something to eat

¿qué hay de postre? what's for dessert? [de is part of many compounds like cuchara de servir, máquina de coser, saco de dormir, etc]

J (introduciendo el complemento agente) by

una novela de Goytisolo a novel by Goytisolo, a Goytisolo novel

seguidos del resto de la familia followed by the rest of the family

una casa rodeada de árboles a house surrounded by trees

viene acompañado de arroz it is served with rice

acompañado de su señora esposa ( frml); accompanied by his wife

Sentido IV

A

1 (sentido partitivo) of

¿quién de ustedes fue? which (one) of you was it?

se llevó uno de los míos she took one of mine

el mayor de los Rodríguez the eldest of the Rodríguez children

un cigarrillo de ésos que apestan one of those cigarettes that stink

2

(con un superlativo): eligió el más caro de todos she chose the most expensive one of all

la ciudad más grande del mundo the biggest city in the world

B

(refiriéndose a una parte del día): a las once de la mañana/de la noche at eleven in the morning/at night

duerme de día y trabaja de noche she sleeps during the day and works at night

salieron de madrugada they left very early in the morning

ver tb mañana³ f A. (↑ mañana (3)), tarde² (↑ tarde (2)), etc

Sentido V (con sentido condicional)

A DE + INF:

de haberlo sabido, habría venido antes if I had known, I would have come earlier o had I known, I would have come earlier

de no ser así no será considerada otherwise it will not be considered

de continuar este estado de cosas if this state of affairs persists

B SER DE + INF

(expresando necesidad, inevitabilidad): es de esperar que … it is to be hoped that …, one hopes that …

no son de fiar they are not to be trusted

es de destacar la actuación de Marta Valverde Marta Valverde's performance is worthy of note

C

de no ( AmL); if not

de²

feminine

name of the letter D

* * *

Del verbo dar: ( conjugate dar)

dé es:

1ª persona singular (yo) presente subjuntivo

3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente subjuntivo

3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) imperativo

Multiple Entries:
dar
de
dé
dar ( conjugate dar) verbo transitivo
1
a) ( entregar) to give;

◊ dale las llaves a Pedro give the keys to Pedro;

déme un kilo de peras can I have a kilo of pears?;
See Also→ conocer verbo transitivo 3 b, entender verbo transitivo
b) ‹cartas/mano› to give

2
a) (donar, regalar) ‹sangre/limosna› to give;

◊ me dio su reloj she gave me her watch

b) ( proporcionar) ‹fuerzas/valor/esperanza› to give;

‹información/idea› to give
3
a) (conferir, aportar) ‹sabor/color/forma› to give

b) ( aplicar) ‹mano de pintura/barniz› to give

c) ‹sedante/masaje› to give

4 ( conceder) ‹prórroga/permiso› to give;
◊ el dentista me dio hora para el miércoles I have an appointment with the dentist on Wednesday;

nos dieron un premio we won o got a prize
5
a) (expresar, decir) ‹parecer/opinón› to give;

◊ ¿le diste las gracias? did you thank him?, did you say thank you?;

dales saludos give/send them my regards;
tuve que déle la noticia I was the one who had to break the news to him
b) (señalar, indicar): me da ocupado or (Esp) comunicando the line's busy o (BrE) engaged;

◊ el reloj dio las cinco the clock struck five

1
a) ( producir) ‹fruto/flor› to bear;

‹ dividendos› to pay;
◊ un negocio que da mucho dinero a business which makes a lot of money

b) (AmL) ( alcanzar hasta):

◊ da 150 kilómetros por hora it can do o go 150 kilometres an hour;

venía a todo lo que daba it was travelling at full speed;
ponen la radio a todo lo que da they turn the radio on full blast
2 (causar, provocar) ‹placer/susto› to give;
‹ problemas› to cause;
◊ dé trabajo to be hard work;

el calor le dio sueño/sed the heat made him sleepy/thirsty
1 ( presentar) ‹ concierto› to give;
◊ ¿qué dan esta noche en la tele? what's on TV tonight? (colloq);

¿dónde están dando esa película? where's that film showing?
2
a) ‹fiesta/conferencia› to give;

‹baile/banquete› to hold;
‹ discurso› (AmL) to make
b) (CS) ‹ examen› to take o (BrE) sit;

ver tb clase 4
( realizar la accion que se indica) ‹ grito› to give;
◊ dé un paso atrás to take a step back;

dame un beso give me a kiss;
ver tb golpe, paseo, vuelta, etc
( considerar) dé algo/a algn por algo:
◊ lo dieron por muerto they gave him up for dead;

ese tema lo doy por sabido I'm assuming you've already covered that topic;
¡dalo por hecho! consider it done!
verbo intransitivo
1
◊ dar a [ puerta] to give onto, open onto;

[ventana/balcón] to look onto, give onto;
[fachada/frente] to face
2 (ser suficiente, alcanzar) dé para algo/algn to be enough for sth/sb;
◊ no me dio (el) tiempo I didn't have time;

dé de sí ‹zapatos/jersey› to stretch
3 ( arrojar un resultado):
◊ el análisis le dio positivo her test was positive;

¿cuánto da la cuenta? what does it come to?;
a mí me dio 247 I made it (to be) 247
4 ( importar):
◊ da lo mismo it doesn't matter;

¡qué más da! what does it matter!;
¿qué más da? what difference does it make?;
me da igual I don't mind
5 ( en naipes) to deal
1
a) (pegar, golpear): déle a algn to hit sb;

( como castigo) to smack sb;
◊ dale al balón kick the ball;

el balón dio en el poste the ball hit the post
b) ( acertar) to hit;

◊ dé en el blanco to hit the target

2 (accionar, mover) déle a algo ‹a botón/tecla› to press sth;
‹ a interruptor› to flick sth;
‹a manivela/volante› to turn sth
3
◊ dar con ( encontrar) ‹ persona› to find;

‹ solución› to hit upon, find;
‹ palabra› to come up with
4 (hablando de manías, ocurrencias) déle a algn por hacer algo ‹por pintar/cocinar› to take to doing sth;
◊ le ha dado por decir que … he's started saying that …

5 [sol/luz]:
◊ aquí da el sol toda la mañana you get the sun all morning here;

la luz le daba de lleno en los ojos the light was shining right in his eyes
darse verbo pronominal
1 ( producirse) [fruta/trigo] to grow
2 ( presentarse) [oportunidad/ocasión] to arise
3 ( resultar) (+ me/te/le etc):
◊ se le dan los idiomas she's good at languages

a) ( refl) ( realizar lo que se indica) ‹ducha/banquete› to have;

◊ dárselas de algo: se las da de valiente/de que sabe mucho he likes to make out he's brave/he knows a lot;

dárselas de listo to act smart
b) (golpearse, pegarse):

◊ se dio con el martillo en el dedo he hit his finger with the hammer;

se dieron contra un árbol they crashed into a tree;
se dio dé un golpe en la rodilla he hit his knee
( considerarse) dése por algo:
◊ con eso me déía por satisfecha I'd be quite happy with that;

ver tb aludir a, enterado 1
de 1 preposición
1
a) (pertenencia, posesión):

◊ la casa dé dé mis padres my parents' house;

el rey dé Francia the king of France;
no es dé él it isn't his;
es un amigo dé mi hijo he's a friend of my son's;
un estudiante dé quinto año a fifth-year student;
la tapa dé la cacerola the saucepan lid;
un avión dé Mexair a Mexair plane
b) ( con un nombre en aposición) of;

◊ la ciudad dé Lima the city of Lima;

el aeropuerto dé Barajas Barajas airport;
el mes dé enero the month of January
2
a) (procedencia, origen, tiempo) from;

◊ es dé Bogotá she's/she comes from Bogotá;

una carta dé Julia a letter from Julia;
un amigo dé la infancia a childhood friend;
la literatura dé ese período the literature of o from that period;
dé aquí a tu casa from here to your house
b) (material, contenido, composición):

◊ son dé plástico they're (made of) plastic;

una mesa dé caoba a mahogany table;
un vaso dé agua a glass of water;
un millón dé dólares a million dollars
c) (causa, modo):

◊ murió dé viejo he died of old age;

dé tanto gritar from shouting so much;
verde dé envidia green with envy;
temblando dé miedo trembling with fear;
dé memoria by heart;
lo tumbó dé un golpe he knocked him down with one blow
d) ( en oraciones pasivas) by;

◊ un poema dé Neruda a poem by Neruda;

rodeada dé árboles surrounded by trees
3
a) (cualidades, características):

◊ de gran inteligencia of great intelligence;

objetos dé mucho valor objects of great value;
¿dé qué color lo quiere? what color do you want it?;
tiene cara dé aburrido he looks bored;
una botella dé un litro a liter bottle;
la chica dé azul the girl in blue
b) (al definir, especificar):

◊ el botón dé abajo the bottom button;

tiene dos metros dé ancho it's two meters wide;
es fácil de pronunciar it's easy to pronounce;
uno dé los míos one of mine;
el mayor dé los Soto the eldest of the Soto children
4
a) ( con cifras):

◊ pagan un interés dél 15% they pay 15% interest o interest at 15%

b) ( en comparaciones de cantidad) than;

◊ más dé £100 more than o over £100;

pesa menos dé un kilo it weighs less than o under a kilo;
un número mayor/menor dé 29 a number over/under 29
c) ( con un superlativo):

◊ es el más caro dé todos it's the most expensive one;

la ciudad más grande dél mundo the biggest city in the world
d) ( refiriéndose a una parte del día):

◊ dé día/noche during the day/at night;

dé madrugada early in the morning
5
a) ( en calidad de) as;

◊ trabaja dé secretaria she works as a secretary;

hace dé rey en la obra he plays (the part of) a king in the play
b) (en expresiones de estado, actividad):

◊ dé mal humor in a bad mood;

estamos dé fiesta we're having a party
c) (indicando uso, destino, finalidad):

◊ el cepillo dé la ropa the clothes brush;

copas dé vino wine glasses;
ropa dé cama bed clothes;
dales algo dé comer give them something to eat;
¿qué hay dé postre? what's for dessert?
6 ( con sentido condicional):
◊ dé haberlo sabido if I had known, had I known;

dé no ser así otherwise
de 2 sustantivo femenino: name of the letter d
dé see
◊ dar

dar
I verbo transitivo
1 to give: dame la mano, hold my hand
2 (conceder) to give: mi padre me dio permiso, my father gave me permission
le doy toda la razón, I think he is quite right
3 (transmitir una noticia) to tell
(un recado, recuerdos) to pass on, give
dar las gracias, to thank
4 (retransmitir u ofrecer un espectáculo) to show, put on
5 (organizar una fiesta) to throw, give
6 (producir lana, miel, etc) to produce, yield
(fruto, flores) to bear
(beneficio, interés) to give, yield
7 (causar un dolor, malestar) dar dolor de cabeza, to give a headache
(un sentimiento) dar pena, to make sad
le da mucha vergüenza, he's very embarrassed
8 (proporcionar) to provide: su empresa da trabajo a cincuenta personas, his factory gives work to fifty people
9 (una conferencia, charla) to give
(impartir clases) to teach
(recibir una clase) to have
US to take
10 (presentir) me da (en la nariz/en el corazón) que eso va a salir bien, I have a feeling that everything is going to turn out well
11 (estropear) to ruin: me dio la noche con sus ronquidos, he spoilt my sleep with his snoring
12 (abrir el paso de la luz) to switch on
(del gas, agua) to turn on
13 (propinar una bofetada, un puntapié, etc) to hit, give
14 (aplicar una mano de pintura, cera) to apply, put on
(un masaje, medicamento) to give
15 (considerar) dar por, to assume, consider: lo dieron por muerto, he was given up for dead
ese dinero lo puedes dar por perdido, you can consider that money lost
dar por supuesto/sabido, to take for granted, to assume
16 (la hora, un reloj) to strike: aún no habían dado las ocho, it was not yet past eight o'clock
17 (realizar la acción que implica el objeto) dar un abrazo/susto, to give a hug/fright
dar un paseo, to go for a walk
dar una voz, to give a shout
II verbo intransitivo
1 (sobrevenir) le dio un ataque de nervios, she had an attack of hysterics
2 dar de comer/cenar, to provide with lunch/dinner 3 dar a, (mirar, estar orientado a) to look out onto, to overlook
(una puerta) to open onto, lead to: esa puerta da al jardín, this door leads out onto the garden 4 dar con, (una persona, objeto) to come across: no fuimos capaces de dar con la contraseña, we couldn't come up with the password
dimos con él, we found him 5 dar de sí, (una camiseta, bañador) to stretch, give 6 dar en, to hit: el sol me daba en los ojos, the sun was (shining) in my eyes 7 dar para, to be enough o sufficient for: ese dinero no me da para nada, this money isn't enough for me
♦ Locuciones: dar a alguien por: le dio por ponerse a cantar, she decided to start singing
le dio por nadar, he got it into his head to go swimming
dar a entender a alguien que..., to make sb understand that...
dar la mano a alguien, to shake hands with sb
dar para: el presupuesto no da para más, the budget will not stretch any further
dar que hablar, to set people talking
dar que pensar: el suceso dio que pensar, the incident gave people food for thought
dar a conocer, (noticia) to release
de preposición
1 (pertenencia, posesión) of
la dirección de mis padres, my parents' address
el teclado de este ordenador, this computer's keyboard
la primera página del libro, the first page of the book
2 (material) of: está hecho de madera, it's made of wood
una pajarita de papel, a paper bird
(contenido) un vaso de vino, a glass of wine
3 (asunto) about, on: sabe mucho de economía, she knows a lot about economics
un curso de inglés, an English course
un libro de arte, a book on art
4 (oficio) as: está/trabaja de enfermera, she is working as a nurse
5 (cualidad) una persona de carácter, a person with character
una rubia de pelo largo, a blonde with long hair
6 (procedencia) from: es de Bilbao, he is o comes from Bilbao
de Madrid a Cáceres, from Madrid to Cáceres
7 (parte) un poco de leche, a little milk
un trozo de carne, a piece of meat
8 (causa) with, because of
llorar de alegría, to cry with joy
morir de hambre, to die of hunger
9 (modo) lo bebió de un trago, she downed it in one
un gesto de satisfacción, an expression of satisfaction
10 (localización) el señor de la camisa azul, the man in the blue shirt
la casa de la esquina, the house on the corner
11 (tiempo) a las cinco de la mañana, at five in the morning
de año en año, year in year out
de día, by day
de noche, at night
de miércoles a viernes, from Wednesday to Friday
de pequeño, as a child
12 (finalidad) jornada de reflexión, eve of polling day
libro de consulta, reference book
máquina de escribir, typewriter
13 (instrumento) derribó la puerta de una patada, he kicked the door down
lo mataron de una puñalada, he was stabbed to death
14 (comparación) el discurso fue más largo de lo esperado, the speech was longer than expected
(con superlativo) in
el coche más caro del mundo, the most expensive car in the world
15 (precio) for
un pantalón de dos mil pesetas, a pair of trousers costing two thousand pesetas 16 una avenida de quince kilómetros, an avenue fifteen kilometres long
una botella de litro, a litre bottle
17 (condicional) de haberlo sabido no le hubiera invitado, if I had known I wouldn't have invited him
de no ser así, if that wasn't o weren't the case
de ser cierto, if it was o were true
18 (reiteración) de puerta en puerta, from door to door
de tres en tres, in threes o three at a time

'dé' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
A
- a. C.
- a.m.
- abajo
- abanderada
- abanderado
- abandonar
- abandonarse
- abandono
- abanico
- abarrotar
- abarrotada
- abarrotado
- abarrotería
- abastecer
- abastecerse
- abastecimiento
- abasto
- abatir
- abatimiento
- abatirse
- abdicar
- abertura
- abierta
- abierto
- abismo
- ablandar
- abogar
- abogacía
- abogada
- abogado
- abominar
- abominable
- abono
- abortar
- abrir
- abridor
- abrigo
- abrupta
- abrupto
- absoluta
- absolutamente
- absoluto
- abstenerse
- abstención
- abstinencia
- abstraerse
- abuelo
- abuhardillada
- abuhardillado
English:
A
- A-level
- a.m.
- AA
- abandon
- ABC
- ability
- ablaze
- aboard
- about
- about-face
- about-turn
- above
- abreast
- abroad
- abrupt
- absence
- absent
- absolve
- absorb
- abstain
- abstract
- abundance
- abuse
- AC
- accepted
- access road
- accident
- accidental
- acclaim
- accommodate
- accommodation
- accomplished
- accomplishment
- accordance
- account
- account for
- accountable
- accumulation
- accuracy
- accurate
- accurately
- accuse
- accused
- accusingly
- accustom
- ache
- Achilles heel
- aching
- acid test

* * *

de prep de combines with the article el to form the contraction del (e.g. del hombre of the man).

1. [posesión, pertenencia] of;

el automóvil de mi padre/mis padres my father's/parents' car;

es de ella it's hers;

la maleta es de Eva the suitcase is Eva's o belongs to Eva;

el padre de la niña the girl's father;

el director de la empresa the manager of the company, the company's manager;

la boda o [m5] el casamiento de un amigo de mi hermano the wedding of a friend of my brother's, a friend of my brother's wedding;

un equipo de segunda división a second division team;

la comida del gato the cat's food;

el título de la novela the novel's title, the title of the novel;

la pata de la mesa the table leg;

una subida de precios a price rise;

los señores de Navarro Mr and Mrs Navarro

2. [procedencia, distancia] from;

salir de casa to leave home;

soy de Bilbao I'm from Bilbao;

no soy de aquí I'm not from round here;

de la playa al apartamento hay 100 metros it's 100 metres from the beach to the apartment;

estamos a 10 kilómetros de Buenos Aires we're 10 kilometres away from Buenos Aires;

el rey de España the king of Spain;

tuvo dos hijos de su primera esposa he had two children by his first wife;

b de Barcelona [deletreando] b for Barcelona

3. [en razonamiento]
de su sonrisa se deduce que todo ha ido bien you can tell from o by her smile that it all went well;

del resultado del experimento concluyo que la fórmula no funciona I infer from the result of the experiment that the formula doesn't work

4. [con nombre en aposición]
la ciudad de Caracas the city of Caracas;

el túnel del Canal the Channel Tunnel;

el signo de tauro the sign of Taurus;

el puerto de Cartagena the port of Cartagena

5. [en descripciones]
una película de terror a horror movie o Br film;

la señora de verde the lady in green;

el chico de la coleta the boy with the ponytail;

una actriz de veinte años a twenty-year-old actress;

¿de qué tamaño? what size?;

un político de fiar a trustworthy politician

6. [materia] (made) of;

un vaso de plástico a plastic cup;

un reloj de oro a gold watch;

una mesa de madera a wooden table

7. [contenido]
un vaso de agua a glass of water;

un plato de lentejas a plate of lentils

8. [precio]
he comprado las peras de 80 céntimos el kilo I bought the pears that were 80 cents a kilo;

un sello de 50 céntimos a 50-cent stamp

9. [uso]
una bici de carreras a racing bike;

ropa de deporte sportswear;

una máquina de escribir a typewriter;

una máquina de coser a sewing machine;

esta sartén es la del pescado y ésta la de las tortillas this frying pan's for fish and this one's for omelettes

10. [asunto] about;

hablábamos de ti we were talking about you;

libros de historia history books

11. [en calidad de] as;

trabaja de bombero he works as a fireman;

aparece de cosaco he appears as a Cossack, he plays a Cossack;

estás muy guapa de uniforme you look very pretty in uniform;

al desfile de carnaval iré de Napoleón I'll go as Napoleon in the carnival parade

12. [tiempo] [desde] from;
[durante] in;
trabaja de nueve a cinco she works from nine to five;

vivió en Bolivia de 1975 a 1983 she lived in Bolivia between 1975 and 1983, she lived in Bolivia from 1975 to 1983;

de madrugada early in the morning;

a las cuatro de la tarde at four in the afternoon;

trabaja de noche y duerme de día he works at night and sleeps during the day;

es de día it's daytime;

de niño solía jugar en la calle as a child I used to play in the street;

¿qué quieres ser de mayor? what do you want to be when you grow up?;

un compañero del colegio a friend from school;
Urug
de mañana/tarde in the morning/afternoon;
Urug
de noche at night;
Urug
ayer salimos de noche we went out last night

13. [causa] with;

morirse de hambre to die of hunger;

llorar de alegría to cry with joy;

temblar de miedo to tremble with fear;

eso es de fumar tanto that's what comes from smoking so much

14. [manera, modo] with;

de una patada with a kick;

rompió el cristal de una pedrada he shattered the window with a stone;

de una sola vez in one go;

lo bebió de un trago he drank it down in one go;

de tres en tres/cuatro en cuatro/ etc[m5]. three/four/ etc at a time;
CSur
de a tres/cuatro/ etc[m5]. in threes/fours/ etc;

de fácil manejo user-friendly;

ponerse de rodillas to kneel down

15. [con valor partitivo] of;

uno de los nuestros one of ours;

varios de nosotros several of us;

¿quién de vosotros sabe la respuesta? which of you knows the answer?

16. Literario [sobre]
de la paz y la guerra of war and peace

17. [en valoración]
lo tacharon de vulgar they branded him as vulgar, they accused him of being vulgar

18. [en lugar de]
yo de ti no lo haría I wouldn't do it if I were you;

yo de Eduardo le pediría perdón if I were Eduardo, I'd say sorry to her

19. [en comparaciones]
más/menos de… more/less than…;
[con superlativos]
el mejor de todos the best of all;

el más importante del mundo the most important in the world;

la peor película del año the worst film this year o of the year;

la impresora más moderna del mercado the most up-to-date printer on the market

20. (antes de infinitivo) [condición] if;

de querer ayudarme, lo haría if she wanted to help me, she'd do it;

de no ser por ti, me hubiese hundido if it hadn't been for you, I wouldn't have made it;

de ir a verte, sería este domingo if I do visit you, it'll be this Sunday

21. (después de adjetivo y antes de sustantivo) [enfatiza cualidad]
el idiota de tu hermano your stupid brother;

la buena de Susana good old Susana;

¡pobre de mí! poor me!

22. (después de adjetivo y antes de infinitivo)
es difícil de creer it's hard to believe;

una velada imposible de olvidar an unforgettable evening

23. (después del verbo “haber”) [obligación]
he de trabajar más I have to work harder;

has de gastar menos you should spend less

24. (antes de complemento agente)
una película de Buñuel a film by Buñuel, a Buñuel film;

vino acompañado de su familia he was accompanied by his family

25. (antes de adverbio de lugar)
el apartamento de abajo the downstairs Br flat o US apartment;

la fila de delante the front row

♦ de no loc conj
Am otherwise;
dime la verdad, de no te castigaré tell me the truth, otherwise I'm going to punish you

* * *

de

prp

1 origen from;

de Nueva York from New York;

de … a from … to

2 posesión of;

el coche de mi amigo my friend’s car

3 material (made) of;

un anillo de oro a gold ring

4 contenido of;

un vaso de agua a glass of water

5 cualidad

:

una mujer de 20 años a 20 year old woman

6 causa with;

temblaba de miedo she was shaking with fear

7 hora

:

de noche at night, by night;

de día by day

8 en calidad de as;

trabajar de albañil work as a bricklayer;

de niño as a child

9 agente by;

de Goya by Goya

10 condición if;

de haberlo sabido if I’d known

11 en aposición

:

la ciudad de Lima the city of Lima

* * *

de prep

1) : of

la casa de Pepe: Pepe's house

un niño de tres años: a three-year-old boy

2) : from

es de Managua: she's from Managua

salió del edificio: he left the building

3) : in, at

a las tres de la mañana: at three in the morning

salen de noche: they go out at night

4) : than

más de tres: more than three

dé dar

* * *

de prep

1. (posesión de alguien) 's

el coche de Alberto Alberto's car

los gatos de Emma Emma's cats

la profesora de Marta Marta's teacher

es de mi hermano it's my brother's

2. (posesión de algo) of

la ciudad de Roma the city of Rome

el mes de noviembre the month of November

el teléfono del colegio the school phone

los árboles del jardín the trees in the garden

3. (materia)

un balón de cuero a leather ball

muebles de madera wooden furniture

un vaso de plástico a plastic cup

4. (contenido) of

una botella de agua a bottle of water

un paquete de arroz a packet of rice

un vaso de leche a glass of milk

5. (materia, tema)

profesor de inglés English teacher

novela de aventuras adventure story

película de terror horror film

6. (origen, procedencia) from

es de Asturias he's from Asturias

esta carretera va de Salamanca a Zamora this road goes from Salamanca to Zamora

7. (descripción) with / in

la chica del pelo largo the girl with long hair

el hombre de negro the man in black

un chico de doce años a twelve year old boy

8. (agente) by

un libro de Rosa Montero a book by Rosa Montero

9. (con expresiones de tiempo)

es la una de la tarde it's one o'clock in the afternoon

el tren de las diez the ten o'clock train

abren de nueve a siete they open from nine until seven

nunca viajamos de noche we never travel at night

de niño when I was a child

10. (con números, una parte) than / of

había más de mil personas there were more than a thousand people

pesa menos de 5 kilos it weighs less than 5 kilos

un trozo de pan a piece of bread

Spanish-English dictionary > de
4 break

1. transitive verb,
broke, broken

1) brechen; (so as to damage) zerbrechen; kaputtmachen (ugs.); aufschlagen [Ei zum Kochen]; zerreißen [Seil]; (fig.): (interrupt) unterbrechen; brechen [Bann, Zauber, Schweigen]

break something in two/in pieces — etwas in zwei Teile/in Stücke brechen

the TV/my watch is broken — der Fernseher/meine Uhr ist kaputt (ugs.)

2) (fracture) sich (Dat.) brechen; (pierce) verletzen [Haut]

he broke his leg — er hat sich (Dat.) das Bein gebrochen

break one's/somebody's back — (fig.) sich/jemanden kaputtmachen (ugs.)

break the back of something — (fig.) bei etwas das Schwerste hinter sich bringen

break open — aufbrechen

3) (violate) brechen [Vertrag, Versprechen]; verletzen, verstoßen gegen [Regel, Tradition]; nicht einhalten [Verabredung]; überschreiten [Grenze]

break the law — gegen das Gesetz verstoßen

4) (destroy) zerstören, ruinieren [Freundschaft, Ehe]

5) (surpass) brechen [Rekord]

6) (abscond from)

break jail — [aus dem Gefängnis] ausbrechen

7) (weaken) brechen, beugen [Stolz]; zusammenbrechen lassen [Streik]

break somebody's heart — jemandem das Herz brechen

break somebody — (crush) jemanden fertig machen (ugs.)

break the habit — es sich (Dat.) abgewöhnen; see also academic.ru/44727/make">make 1. 15)

8) (cushion) auffangen [Schlag, jemandes Fall]

9) (make bankrupt) ruinieren

break the bank — die Bank sprengen

it won't break the bank — (fig. coll.) es kostet kein Vermögen

10) (reveal)

break the news that... — melden, dass...

11) (solve) entschlüsseln, entziffern [Kode, Geheimschrift]

12) (Tennis)

break service/somebody's service — den Aufschlag des Gegners/jemandes Aufschlag durchbrechen. See also broken 2.
2. intransitive verb,
broke, broken

1) kaputtgehen (ugs.); entzweigehen; [Faden, Seil:] [zer]reißen; [Glas, Tasse, Teller:] zerbrechen; [Eis:] brechen

somebody's heart is breaking — jemandem bricht das Herz

break in two/in pieces — entzweibrechen

2) (crack) [Fenster-, Glasscheibe:] zerspringen

my back was nearly breaking — ich brach mir fast das Kreuz

3) (sever links)

break with somebody/something — mit jemandem/etwas brechen

4)

break into — einbrechen in (+ Akk.) [Haus]; aufbrechen [Safe]

he broke into a sweat — ihm brach der Schweiß aus

break into a trot/run — etc. zu traben/laufen usw. anfangen

break into a banknote — eine Banknote anbrechen

break out of prison — etc. aus dem Gefängnis usw. ausbrechen

5)

break free or loose [from somebody/somebody's grip] — sich [von jemandem/aus jemandes Griff] losreißen

break free/loose [from prison] — [aus dem Gefängnis] ausbrechen

6) [Welle:] sich brechen (on/against an + Dat.)

7) [Wetter:] umschlagen

8) [Wolkendecke:] aufreißen

9) [Tag:] anbrechen

10) [Sturm:] losbrechen

11)

somebody's voice is breaking — jemand kommt in den Stimmbruch; (with emotion) jemandem bricht die Stimme

12) (have interval)

break for coffee/lunch — [eine] Kaffee-/Mittagspause machen

13) (become public) bekannt werden
3. noun
1) Bruch, der; (of rope) Reißen, das

break [of service] — (Tennis) Break, der od. das

a break with somebody/something — ein Bruch mit jemandem/etwas

break of day — Tagesanbruch, der

2) (gap) Lücke, die; (Electr.): (in circuit) Unterbrechung, die

3) (sudden dash)

they made a sudden break [for it] — sie stürmten plötzlich davon

4) (interruption) Unterbrechung, die

5) (pause, holiday) Pause, die

during the commercial breaks on TV — während der Werbespots im Fernsehen

take or have a break — [eine] Pause machen

6) (coll.): (fair chance, piece of luck) Chance, die

lucky break — große Chance

that was a bad break for him — das war Pech für ihn

Phrasal Verbs:

- break away

- break down

- break in

- break into

- break off

- break out

- break out of

- break through

- break up

* * *
[breik] 1. past tense - broke; verb
1) (to divide into two or more parts (by force).) brechen

2) ((usually with off/away) to separate (a part) from the whole (by force).) abbrechen

3) (to make or become unusable.) vernichten

4) (to go against, or not act according to (the law etc): He broke his appointment at the last minute.) brechen

5) (to do better than (a sporting etc record).) (einen Rekord etc.) brechen

6) (to interrupt: She broke her journey in London.) abbrechen

7) (to put an end to: He broke the silence.) brechen

8) (to make or become known: They gently broke the news of his death to his wife.) beibringen

9) ((of a boy's voice) to fall in pitch.) brechen

10) (to soften the effect of (a fall, the force of the wind etc).) brechen

11) (to begin: The storm broke before they reached shelter.) losbrechen
2. noun
1) (a pause: a break in the conversation.) die Pause

2) (a change: a break in the weather.) der Umschwung

3) (an opening.) die Lücke

4) (a chance or piece of (good or bad) luck: This is your big break.) der Durchbruch

•

- breakable
3. noun
((usually in plural) something likely to break.) der zerbrechliche Gegenstand

- breakage
- breaker
- breakdown
- break-in
- breakneck
- breakout
- breakthrough
- breakwater
- break away
- break down
- break into
- break in
- break loose
- break off
- break out
- break out in
- break the ice
- break up
- make a break for it
* * *

break

[breɪk]

I. NOUN

1. (fracture) Bruch m; (in glass, pottery) Sprung m; (in rock, wood) Riss m; MED Bruch m

2. (gap) Lücke f; (in rock) Spalt m; (in line) Unterbrechung f

3. (escape) Ausbruch m

to make a \break ausbrechen

4. (interruption) Unterbrechung f, Pause f; esp BRIT SCH (during classes) Pause f; (holiday) Ferien pl

coffee/lunch \break Kaffee-/Mittagspause f

Easter/Christmas \break Oster-/Weihnachtsferien pl

commercial \break TV, RADIO Werbung f

to have [or take] a \break eine Pause machen

we decided to have a short \break in Paris wir beschlossen, einen Kurzurlaub in Paris zu verbringen

to need a \break from sth eine Pause von etw dat brauchen

5. METEO

\break of day Tagesanbruch m

a \break in the weather ( liter) ein Wetterumschwung m

6. (divergence) Bruch m

a \break with family tradition ein Bruch mit der Familientradition

7. (end of relationship) Abbruch m

to make a clean/complete \break einen sauberen/endgültigen Schlussstrich ziehen

to make the \break [from sb/sth] die Beziehung [zu jdm/etw] abbrechen

8. (opportunity) Chance f, Gelegenheit f

she got her main \break as an actress in a Spielberg film sie hatte ihre größte Chance als Schauspielerin in einem Spielbergfilm

9. SPORT (in tennis)

\break [of serve] Break m o nt; (in snooker, billiards) Anstoß m

10. COMM ( fam: sharp fall) plötzlicher und starker Einbruch von Preisen und Kursen

11. COMPUT

\break key Pause-Taste f

12.

▶ give me a \break! ( fam: knock it off!) hör auf [damit]!; (give me a chance) gib mir eine Chance!

II. TRANSITIVE VERB

<broke, broken>

1. (shatter)

▪ to \break sth etw zerbrechen; (in two pieces) etw entzweibrechen; (force open) etw aufbrechen; (damage) etw kaputt machen fam; (fracture) etw brechen

we heard the sound of \breaking glass wir hörten das Geräusch von zerberstendem Glas

to \break an alibi ( fig) ein Alibi entkräften

to \break one's arm sich dat den Arm brechen

to \break one's back [or AM ass] ( fig fam) sich akk abrackern [o abstrampeln] fam

to \break sb's back ( fig) jdm das Kreuz brechen fig

to \break a bottle/a glass eine Flasche/ein Glas zerbrechen

to \break an egg ein Ei aufschlagen

to \break sb's heart ( fig) jdm das Herz brechen geh

to \break a nail/tooth sich dat einen Nagel/Zahn abbrechen

to \break sb's nose jdm die Nase brechen

to \break sth into smithereens etw in [tausend] Stücke schlagen

to \break the sonic [or sound] barrier die Schallmauer durchbrechen

to \break a window ein Fenster einschlagen

2. (momentarily interrupt)

▪ to \break sth etw unterbrechen

I need something to \break the monotony of my typing job ich brauche etwas, das etwas Abwechslung in meine eintönige Schreibarbeit bringt

to \break sb's fall jds Fall abfangen

to \break a circuit ELEC einen Stromkreis unterbrechen

to \break step [or stride] aus dem Gleichschritt kommen; MIL aus dem Schritt fallen

3. (put an end to)

▪ to \break sth etw zerstören

to \break the back of sth BRIT, AUS das Schlimmste einer S. gen hinter sich akk bringen

we can \break the back of this work today if we really try wenn wir uns ernsthaft bemühen, können wir diese Arbeit heute zum größten Teil erledigen

to \break camp das Lager abbrechen

to \break a deadlock einen toten Punkt überwinden, etw wieder in Gang bringen

to \break a habit eine Gewohnheit aufgeben

to \break sb of a habit jdm eine Angewohnheit abgewöhnen

to \break an impasse [or a stalemate] aus einer Sackgasse herauskommen

to \break a romantic mood eine romantische Stimmung kaputt machen fam

to \break the peace/a record/the silence den Frieden/einen Rekord/das Schweigen brechen

to \break a spell einen Bann brechen

to \break sb's spirit jdn mutlos machen

to \break a strike einen Streik brechen

to \break the suspense [or tension] die Spannung lösen

4. SPORT

to \break a tie in Führung gehen, einen Führungstreffer erzielen

▪ to \break sb TENNIS jdm das Aufschlagspiel abnehmen

5. (violate)

▪ to \break sth etw brechen

to \break an agreement eine Vereinbarung verletzen

to \break a date eine Verabredung nicht einhalten

to \break a/the law ein/das Gesetz übertreten

to \break a treaty gegen einen Vertrag verstoßen

to \break one's word sein Wort brechen

6. (forcefully end)

▪ to \break sth etw durchbrechen

to \break sb's hold sich akk aus jds Griff befreien

7. (decipher)

to \break a cipher/a code eine Geheimschrift/einen Code entschlüsseln

8. (make public)

▪ to \break sth etw bekanntgeben; JOURN etw veröffentlichen

▪ to \break sth to sb jdm etw mitteilen [o sagen]

\break it to me gently! ( hum) bring's mir schonend bei!

how will we ever \break it to her? wie sollen wir es ihr nur sagen?

to \break the news to sb jdm die Nachricht beibringen

9. (separate into parts)

▪ to \break sth etw auseinanderreißen

to \break bread REL das [heilige] Abendmahl empfangen

to \break bread [with sb] ( dated liter) [mit jdm] das Brot brechen veraltet [o sein Brot teilen]

to \break a collection [or set] eine Sammlung auseinanderreißen

10. (make change for)

to \break a note [or AM bill] einen Geldschein wechseln [o fam kleinmachen

11. (crush spirit)

▪ to \break sb jdn brechen [o fam kleinkriegen]

her spirit had been broken by the regime in the home das in dem Heim herrschende System hatte sie seelisch gebrochen

▪ to \break an animal (tame) ein Tier zähmen; (train) ein Tier abrichten

to \break sb's will jds Willen brechen

12. (leave)

to \break cover MIL aus der Deckung hervorbrechen; (from hiding place) aus dem Versteck herauskommen

to \break formation MIL aus der Aufstellung heraustreten

to \break rank MIL aus dem Glied treten

to \break rank[s] ( fig) die eigenen Reihen verraten

to \break ship sich akk beim Landgang absetzen

13. (open up)

to \break ground den ersten Spatenstich machen

to \break fresh [or new] ground ( fig) Neuland [o neue Gebiete] erschließen

14.

▶ to \break the bank ( hum) die Bank sprengen

▶ to \break the ice ( fam) das Eis brechen

▶ \break a leg! ( fam) Hals- und Beinbruch! fam

▶ you can't make an omelette without \breaking eggs ( saying) wo gehobelt wird, da fallen Späne prov

▶ to \break the mould innovativ sein

▶ sticks and stones may \break my bones [but names will never hurt me] ( saying) Beschimpfungen können mir nichts anhaben

▶ to \break wind einen fahrenlassen fam

III. INTRANSITIVE VERB

<broke, broken>

1. (shatter) zerbrechen; (stop working) kaputtgehen fam; (fall apart) auseinanderbrechen

2. (interrupt) Pause machen

shall we \break [off] for lunch? machen wir Mittagspause?

3. wave sich akk brechen

a wave broke over the boat eine Welle brach über dem Boot zusammen

4. (change in voice)

her voice was \breaking with emotion vor Rührung versagte ihr die Stimme

the boy's voice is \breaking der Junge ist [gerade] im Stimmbruch

5. METEO weather umschlagen; dawn, day anbrechen; storm losbrechen

6. (collapse under strain) zusammenbrechen

7. (become public) news, scandal bekannt werden, publikwerden, ans Licht kommen

8. (in billiards, snooker) anstoßen

9. BOXING sich akk trennen

10. (move out of formation) clouds aufreißen; crowd sich akk teilen; MIL, SPORT sich akk auflösen

11. MED [auf]platzen

the waters have broken die Fruchtblase ist geplatzt

12.

▶ to \break even kostendeckend arbeiten

▶ to \break free ausbrechen, sich akk befreien

▶ to \break loose sich akk losreißen

▶ it's make or \break! es geht um alles oder nichts!

* * *
[breɪk] vb: pret broke, ptp broken
1. NOUN

1) = fracture in bone, pipe Bruch m; (GRAM, TYP = word break) (Silben)trennung f

... he said with a break in his voice —... sagte er mit stockender Stimme

break in the circuit (Elec) — Stromkreisunterbrechung f

2) = gap Lücke f; (in rock) Spalte f, Riss m; (in drawn line) Unterbrechung f

row upon row of houses without a break — Häuserzeile auf Häuserzeile, ohne Lücke or lückenlos

3) = pause ALSO BRIT SCH Pause f; (in journey) Pause f, Unterbrechung f

without a break — ohne Unterbrechung or Pause, ununterbrochen

to take or have a break — (eine) Pause machen

at break (Sch) — in der Pause

after the break (Rad, TV) — nach der Pause

give me a break! ( inf, expressing annoyance ) — nun mach mal halblang! (inf)

4) = end of relations Bruch m

5) = change Abwechslung f

break in the weather — Wetterumschwung m

6) = respite Erholung f

the playgroup gives parents a break — die Spielgruppe verschafft den Eltern etwas Erholung

7) = holiday Urlaub m

I'm looking forward to a good break — ich freue mich auf einen schönen Urlaub

8)

at break of day — bei Tagesanbruch

9) = escape inf Ausbruch m

they made a break for it — sie versuchten zu entkommen

10) = opportunity inf

to have a good/bad break — Glück or Schwein (inf) nt/Pech nt haben

we had a few lucky breaks — wir haben ein paar Mal Glück or Schwein (inf) gehabt

she had her first big break in a Broadway play — sie bekam ihre erste große Chance in einem Broadwaystück

11) BILLIARDS Break nt or m, Serie f

2. TRANSITIVE VERB

1) in pieces = fracture bone sich (dat) brechen; stick zerbrechen; (= smash) kaputt schlagen, kaputt machen; glass, cup zerbrechen; window einschlagen; egg aufbrechen

to break sth from sth — etw von etw abbrechen

to break one's leg — sich (dat) das Bein brechen

break a leg! ( US : inf ) — Hals- und Beinbruch!

2) = make unusable toy, chair kaputt machen

3) = violate promise, treaty, vow brechen; law, rule, commandment verletzen; appointment nicht einhalten

to break bail — die Haftverschonung brechen

4) = interrupt journey, silence, fast unterbrechen; spell brechen; monotony, routine unterbrechen, auflockern

to break a holiday short (Brit) — einen Urlaub abbrechen

to break a habit — mit einer Gewohnheit brechen, sich (dat) etw abgewöhnen

he couldn't break the habit of smoking — er konnte sich das Rauchen nicht abgewöhnen

to break sb of a habit — jdm etw abgewöhnen

5) = penetrate skin ritzen; surface, shell durchbrechen

his skin is bruised but not broken —

to break surface ( submarine fig ) —, fig ) auftauchen

6) = surpass record brechen; sound barrier durchbrechen

7) = open up → ground

8) = tame horse zureiten; person brechen

9) = destroy person kleinkriegen (inf), mürbemachen; resistance, strike brechen; code entziffern; (TENNIS) serve durchbrechen

his spirit was broken by the spell in solitary confinement —

this betrayal nearly broke him — dieser Verrat hätte ihn fast zum Wahnsinn getrieben

to break sb ( financially) —

to break the bank (Gambling) — die Bank sprengen

37p, well that won't exactly break the bank — 37 Pence, na, davon gehe ich/gehen wir noch nicht bankrott

his service was broken (Tennis) — er hat das Aufschlagspiel abgegeben

10) = soften fall dämpfen, abfangen

the wall breaks the force of the wind — der Wind bricht sich an der Mauer

11) = get out of jail, one's bonds ausbrechen aus

to break step (Mil) — aus dem Schritt fallen

12) = disclose news mitteilen

how can I break it to her? — wie soll ich es ihr sagen?

3. INTRANSITIVE VERB

1) in pieces = snap twig, bone brechen; (rope) zerreißen; (= smash, window) kaputtgehen; (cup, glass) zerbrechen

breaking strain — Belastbarkeit f

2) = become useless watch, toy, chair kaputtgehen

3)

= become detached to break from sth — von etw abbrechen

4) = pause (eine) Pause machen, unterbrechen

to break for lunch — Mittagspause machen

5) = change weather, luck umschlagen

6) = disperse clouds aufreißen; (crowd) sich teilen

7) = give way health leiden, Schaden nehmen; (stamina) gebrochen werden; under interrogation etc zusammenbrechen

his spirit broke — sein Mut verließ ihn

8) wave sich brechen

9) day, dawn anbrechen; (suddenly storm) losbrechen

10) voice with emotion brechen

his voice is beginning to break (boy) — er kommt in den Stimmbruch

11) = become known story, news, scandal bekannt werden, an den Tag or ans Licht kommen

the news broke on Wall Street yesterday — gestern platzte diese Nachricht in der Wall Street

12) = escape from jail ausbrechen (from aus) → loose

13)

company to break even — seine (Un)kosten decken

14) BILLIARDS anstoßen

15)

ball to break to the right/left — nach rechts/links wegspringen

16) = let go (BOXING ETC) sich trennen

break! — break!

17) = end relations brechen

4. PHRASAL VERBS

* * *

break¹ [breık]

A s

1. (Ab-, Zer-, Durch-, Entzwei)Brechen n, Bruch m

2. Bruch (-stelle f) m, Durchbruch m, Riss m, Spalt m, Bresche f, Öffnung f, Zwischenraum m, Lücke f (auch fig)

3. fig Bruch m (from, with mit; between zwischen dat):

a break with tradition;

she made a break from her family sie brach mit ihrer Familie; → clean A 15

4. (Wald)Lichtung f

5. a) Pause f (Br auch SCHULE), Unterbrechung f ( auch ELEK):

before (after) the break SPORT vor (nach) der Pause, vor (nach) dem Seitenwechsel;

without a break ununterbrochen;

have ( oder take) a break (eine) Pause machen;

take a break for a cigarette eine Zigarettenpause machen

b) RADIO, TV Werbeunterbrechung f:

we’ll be back again right after the break gleich nach der Werbung geht es weiter

c) Kurzurlaub m:

have ( oder take) a weekend break übers Wochenende verreisen

6. fig, auch LIT Zäsur f, Einschnitt m

7. Ausbruch m (eines Gefangenen), Fluchtversuch m:

make a break for it ( oder for freedom) das Weite suchen, flüchten;

they made a break for the door sie stürzten zur Tür

8. (plötzlicher) Wechsel, Umschwung m:

break in the weather Wetterumschlag m;

at break of day bei Tagesanbruch

9. SPORT Konter m

10. WIRTSCH Preis-, Kurssturz m, Kurseinbruch m

11. MUS

a) Registerwechsel m

b) Jazz: Break m/n (kurzes Zwischensolo)

12. MUS

a) Versagen n (im Ton)

b) Versager m (Ton)

13. Richtungswechsel m

14. Billard:

a) Serie f

b) Abweichen n (des Balles)

15. Boxen: Trennkommando n

16. Pferderennen: Start m

17. umg

a) a bad break Pech n;

a lucky break Dusel m, Schwein n (beide umg)

b) (faire) Chance f:

give sb a break

18. auch break of serve (Tennis) Break m/n (Spielgewinn bei gegnerischem Aufschlag):

he had a break er schaffte ein(en) Break, ihm gelang ein Break

B v/t prät broke [brəʊk], obs brake [breık], pperf broken [ˈbrəʊkən]

1. ab-, auf-, durchbrechen, (er-, zer)brechen:

break open eine Tür etc aufbrechen;

break one’s arm sich den Arm brechen;

break sb’s head jemandem den Schädel einschlagen;

break a glass ein Glas zerbrechen;

break jail aus dem Gefängnis ausbrechen;

break a leg, John! umg besonders THEAT Hals- und Beinbruch!;

break a record fig einen Rekord brechen;

break a seal ein Siegel erbrechen;

break sb’s service, break sb (Tennis) jemandem den Aufschlag abnehmen, jemanden breaken;

he broke service (Tennis) er schaffte ein(en) Break, ihm gelang ein Break; → ass², back¹ A 1, balls A, heart Bes Redew, neck A 2

2. zerreißen, -schlagen, -trümmern, kaputt machen umg

3. PHYS Licht, Strahlen, weitS. Wellen, Wind brechen, einen Stoß oder Fall abfangen, dämpfen, auch fig abschwächen

4. ab-, unterbrechen, trennen, aufheben, sprengen:

break company

a) auseinandergehen,

b) sich wegstehlen;

break a journey eine Reise unterbrechen;

break one’s silence sein Schweigen brechen;

a cry broke the silence ein Schrei zerriss die Stille;

break a set

a) einen Satz (z. B. Gläser durch Zerbrechen eines einzelnen Teiles) unvollständig machen,

b) einen Satz (z. B. Briefmarken) auseinanderreißen;

break a siege eine Belagerung aufheben; → blockade A 1, camp¹ A 1, fast³ B 1, ice¹ A 1

5. ELEK

a) einen Stromkreis oder Kontakt unterbrechen, einen Kontakt öffnen

b) ab-, ausschalten

6. aufgeben, ablegen:

break a custom mit einer Tradition oder Gewohnheit brechen;

break sb of sth jemandem etwas abgewöhnen; → habit 1

7. a) eine Speise, eine Ware, einen Geldschein anbrechen: → bottle¹ A 1, bread Bes Redew

b) einen Geldschein kleinmachen umg (wechseln)

8. fig jemandes Macht, Willen etc brechen, jemanden zerbrechen, jemandem das Rückgrat brechen:

break sb’s resistance jemandes Widerstand brechen;

break sb’s spirits jemandes Lebensmut brechen

9. a) Tiere zähmen, abrichten, ein Pferd zureiten, einfahren, auch jemanden gewöhnen (to an akk):

break a horse to harness (to rein) ein Pferd einfahren (zureiten)

b) ein Auto etc einfahren, neue Schuhe einlaufen, austreten

c) jemanden einarbeiten, anlernen

10. das Gesetz, einen Vertrag, sein Versprechen etc brechen, eine Regel verletzen, eine Vorschrift übertreten, verstoßen gegen, ein Tempolimit überschreiten:

rules are made to be broken Vorschriften sind dazu da, um übertreten zu werden

11. fig vernichten, (auch finanziell) ruinieren oder zugrunde richten, eine Ehe etc zerrütten:

break a will JUR ein Testament (durch gerichtliches Verfahren) aufheben; → bank¹ A 3

12. MIL

a) entlassen

b) degradieren

13. eröffnen, kundtun:

break the bad news gently to sb jemandem die schlechte Nachricht schonend beibringen

14. US umg eine Unternehmung starten

15. HIST foltern, auf der oder die Folter strecken: → wheel A 6

16. a) einen Code etc knacken umg, entschlüsseln

b) einen Fall lösen, aufklären

17. break (the) ground AGR ein Brachfeld umbrechen, -pflügen; → ground¹ A 1

18. MUS

a) einen Akkord brechen

b) Notenwerte zerlegen

C v/i

1. brechen:

break into

a) in ein Haus etc einbrechen,

b) allg und fig eindringen oder einbrechen in (akk):

break into the best social circles; → preserve B 2 b,

c) etwas unterbrechen, hineinplatzen in (akk),

d) fig ausbrechen in (akk):

he broke into laughter; → applause 1,

e) → B 7 a;

break through eine Absperrung etc durchbrechen;

break with mit jemandem, einer Tradition etc brechen; → loose A 1

2. (zer)brechen, zerspringen, -reißen, (-)platzen, entzweigehen, kaputtgehen umg:

the rope broke das Seil riss;

break open aufspringen, -platzen

3. unterbrochen werden

4. (plötzlich) auftauchen (Fisch, U-Boot)

5. sich (zer)teilen (Wolken)

6. zersprengt werden, in Unordnung geraten, weichen (Truppen), sich auflösen (Heer)

7. MED aufbrechen, -gehen (Abszess), aufplatzen (Zyste), platzen, aufspringen (Haut)

8. fig brechen (Herz, Widerstand etc)

9. nachlassen, abnehmen, gebrochen oder zerrüttet werden, verfallen (Geist oder Gesundheit), (auch seelisch) zusammenbrechen

10. umschlagen, mutieren (Stimme):

his voice broke

a) er befand sich im Stimmbruch, er mutierte,

b) ihm brach die Stimme ( with vor Rührung etc)

11. SPORT die Gangart wechseln (Pferd)

12. Tennis: breaken

13. sich brechen, branden (Wellen)

14. brechen (Eis)

15. umschlagen (Wetter)

16. anbrechen (Tag)

17. los-, ausbrechen ( over über dat):

the storm broke der Sturm brach los

18. eröffnet werden, bekannt gegeben werden (Nachricht)

19. WIRTSCH plötzlich im Preis oder Kurs fallen (Ware, Wertpapier)

20. WIRTSCH ruiniert werden, Bankrott machen oder bankrottgehen, fallieren

21. Boxen: sich trennen:

break! break!

22. rennen, hasten:

break for cover hastig in Deckung gehen

23. Pferderennen: starten

24. eine Pause machen:

break for lunch (eine) Mittagspause machen

25. besonders US umg sich entwickeln:

things are breaking well

break² [breık] s

1. Break m/n (Art Kremser mit zwei Längssitzen)

2. Wagen zum Einfahren von Pferden

* * *
1. transitive verb,
broke, broken

1) brechen; (so as to damage) zerbrechen; kaputtmachen (ugs.); aufschlagen [Ei zum Kochen]; zerreißen [Seil]; (fig.): (interrupt) unterbrechen; brechen [Bann, Zauber, Schweigen]

break something in two/in pieces — etwas in zwei Teile/in Stücke brechen

the TV/my watch is broken — der Fernseher/meine Uhr ist kaputt (ugs.)

2) (fracture) sich (Dat.) brechen; (pierce) verletzen [Haut]

he broke his leg — er hat sich (Dat.) das Bein gebrochen

break one's/somebody's back — (fig.) sich/jemanden kaputtmachen (ugs.)

break the back of something — (fig.) bei etwas das Schwerste hinter sich bringen

break open — aufbrechen

3) (violate) brechen [Vertrag, Versprechen]; verletzen, verstoßen gegen [Regel, Tradition]; nicht einhalten [Verabredung]; überschreiten [Grenze]

break the law — gegen das Gesetz verstoßen

4) (destroy) zerstören, ruinieren [Freundschaft, Ehe]

5) (surpass) brechen [Rekord]

6) (abscond from)

break jail — [aus dem Gefängnis] ausbrechen

7) (weaken) brechen, beugen [Stolz]; zusammenbrechen lassen [Streik]

break somebody's heart — jemandem das Herz brechen

break somebody — (crush) jemanden fertig machen (ugs.)

break the habit — es sich (Dat.) abgewöhnen; see also make 1. 15)

8) (cushion) auffangen [Schlag, jemandes Fall]

9) (make bankrupt) ruinieren

break the bank — die Bank sprengen

it won't break the bank — (fig. coll.) es kostet kein Vermögen

10) (reveal)

break the news that... — melden, dass...

11) (solve) entschlüsseln, entziffern [Kode, Geheimschrift]

12) (Tennis)

break service/somebody's service — den Aufschlag des Gegners/jemandes Aufschlag durchbrechen. See also broken 2.
2. intransitive verb,
broke, broken

1) kaputtgehen (ugs.); entzweigehen; [Faden, Seil:] [zer]reißen; [Glas, Tasse, Teller:] zerbrechen; [Eis:] brechen

somebody's heart is breaking — jemandem bricht das Herz

break in two/in pieces — entzweibrechen

2) (crack) [Fenster-, Glasscheibe:] zerspringen

my back was nearly breaking — ich brach mir fast das Kreuz

3) (sever links)

break with somebody/something — mit jemandem/etwas brechen

4)

break into — einbrechen in (+ Akk.) [Haus]; aufbrechen [Safe]

he broke into a sweat — ihm brach der Schweiß aus

break into a trot/run — etc. zu traben/laufen usw. anfangen

break into a banknote — eine Banknote anbrechen

break out of prison — etc. aus dem Gefängnis usw. ausbrechen

5)

break free or loose [from somebody/somebody's grip] — sich [von jemandem/aus jemandes Griff] losreißen

break free/loose [from prison] — [aus dem Gefängnis] ausbrechen

6) [Welle:] sich brechen (on/against an + Dat.)

7) [Wetter:] umschlagen

8) [Wolkendecke:] aufreißen

9) [Tag:] anbrechen

10) [Sturm:] losbrechen

11)

somebody's voice is breaking — jemand kommt in den Stimmbruch; (with emotion) jemandem bricht die Stimme

12) (have interval)

break for coffee/lunch — [eine] Kaffee-/Mittagspause machen

13) (become public) bekannt werden
3. noun
1) Bruch, der; (of rope) Reißen, das

break [of service] — (Tennis) Break, der od. das

a break with somebody/something — ein Bruch mit jemandem/etwas

break of day — Tagesanbruch, der

2) (gap) Lücke, die; (Electr.): (in circuit) Unterbrechung, die

3) (sudden dash)

they made a sudden break [for it] — sie stürmten plötzlich davon

4) (interruption) Unterbrechung, die

5) (pause, holiday) Pause, die

during the commercial breaks on TV — während der Werbespots im Fernsehen

take or have a break — [eine] Pause machen

6) (coll.): (fair chance, piece of luck) Chance, die

lucky break — große Chance

that was a bad break for him — das war Pech für ihn

Phrasal Verbs:

- break away

- break down

- break in

- break into

- break off

- break out

- break out of

- break through

- break up

* * *

(printing) n.

Absatz -¨e (Buchdruck) m. n.

Arbeitspause f.

Bruch ¨-e m.

Lücke -n f.

Pause -n (Schule) f.

Pause -n (Sport) f.

Pause -n f.

Rast -en f.

Umbruch -¨e (von Gefäß) m.

Unterbrechung f. (up) with someone expr.

jemandem die Freundschaft aufkündigen ausdr. v.

(§ p.,p.p.: broke, broken)

= abbrechen v.

aufheben v.

stoppen v.

unterbrechen v.

zersplittern v.

English-german dictionary > break
5 hueco

adj.

1 hollow.

2 soulless.

3 empty, meaningless.

m.

hole, gap, cavity, chuckhole.

* * *

hueco

► adjetivo

1 hollow

■ pared hueca hollow wall, stud wall

2 (vacío) empty

3 (cóncavo) concave

4 (sonido) hollow; (voz) deep

5 (mullido) spongy, soft

6 figurado (presumido) vain, conceited

7 (estilo etc) affected, empty

► nombre masculino hueco

1 (cavidad) hollow, hole

2 (de tiempo) slot, free time; (de espacio) empty space

■ sólo tengo un hueco después de comer I'm only free after lunch

3 figurado (vacante) vacancy

4 ARQUITECTURA opening

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

dejar un hueco to leave a gap

hacer un hueco a alguien to make room for somebody

llenar un hueco figurado to fill a need, fill a gap

hueco de la escalera stairwell

hueco de la ventana window recess

hueco del ascensor lift shaft, (US elevator shaft)

————————

hueco

► nombre masculino

1 (cavidad) hollow, hole

2 (de tiempo) slot, free time; (de espacio) empty space

■ sólo tengo un hueco después de comer I'm only free after lunch

3 figurado (vacante) vacancy

4 ARQUITECTURA opening

* * *
1. (f. - hueca)
adj.

hollow
2. noun m.
1) hole, hollow

2) space

* * *

1. ADJ

1) [árbol, tubo] hollow

una nuez hueca — an empty walnut shell

- tener la cabeza hueca

2) [lana, tierra] soft

3) [blusa, chaqueta] loose

4) [sonido] hollow; [voz] booming, resonant

5) (=insustancial) [palabras, promesas, retórica] empty

un discurso retórico y hueco — a speech full of empty rhetoric

6) (=pedante) [estilo, lenguaje] pompous

7) [persona] (=orgulloso) proud; (=engreído) conceited, smug

el niño se puso muy hueco cuando lo nombraron ganador — the boy was very proud when he was declared the winner

la típica rubia hueca — pey the usual blonde bimbo *

2. SM

1) (=agujero) [en valla, muro] hole

se ha caído un pájaro por el hueco de la chimenea — a bird has fallen down the chimney

el hueco del ascensor — the lift o (EEUU) elevator shaft

el hueco de la escalera — the stairwell

el hueco de la puerta — the doorway

2) (=espacio libre) space; [entre árboles] gap, opening

en este hueco voy a poner la lavadora — I'm going to put the washing machine in this (empty) space

no hay ni un hueco para aparcar — there isn't a single parking space

el hueco que quedaba entre las dos mesas — the gap o space between the two tables

solo hay huecos en la primera fila — the only places o spaces are in the front row

en su corazón no hay hueco para el rencor — there is no room in his heart for rancour

• hacer (un) hueco a algn — to make space for sb

¿me haces un hueco? — can you make some room for me?

3) [en texto] gap, blank

4) [en mercado, organización] gap

en el mercado hay un hueco para una revista de este tipo — there is a gap in the market for this type of magazine

• abrirse o hacerse un hueco — to carve o create a niche for oneself

aspiran a abrirse un hueco en el mundo de la música pop — they are hoping to carve o create a niche for themselves in the pop world

• llenar u ocupar un hueco — to fill a gap

deja un hueco que será difícil llenar — he leaves a gap which will be hard to fill

5) (=cavidad) hollow

el hueco de la mano — the hollow of the o one's hand

suena a hueco — it sounds hollow

6) (=nicho) recess, alcove

7) (=en una empresa) vacancy

8) [de tiempo]

en cuanto tenga un hueco hablará contigo — he will talk to you as soon as he has a gap in his schedule o as soon as he can fit you in

hizo un hueco en su programa para recibirlos — he made space in his schedule to see them, he managed to fit them into his schedule

9) Méx ** (=homosexual) queer **, faggot (EEUU) **

10) (Tip) = huecograbado

* * *
I
- ca adjetivo

1)

a) [estar] <árbol/bola> hollow; < nuez> empty, hollow

tienes la cabeza hueca — (fam & hum) you've got a head full of sawdust (colloq & hum)

b) [ser] ( vacío) < palabras> empty; < estilo> superficial; < persona> shallow, superficial

c) ( esponjoso) < lana> soft; < colchón> soft, spongy

d) <sonido/tos> hollow; < voz> resonant

2) ( orgulloso) proud
II
masculino

1)

a) ( cavidad)

detrás de la tabla hay un hueco — there's a cavity behind the board

suena a hueco — it sounds hollow

el hueco del ascensor — the lift shaft

el hueco de la escalera — the stairwell

el hueco de la puerta — the doorway

b) ( espacio libre) space

un hueco para aparcar — a parking space

hacedme un hueco para sentarme — can you make a bit of space o room so I can sit down?

c) ( en una organización) gap

llenar un hueco en el mercado — to fill a gap in the market

un hueco entre dos clases — a free period between two classes

¿no puedes hacer un huequito para verlo hoy? — can't you squeeze o fit him in somewhere today?

2) ( concavidad) hollow

3) (Andes, Ven) (agujero, hoyo) hole; ( en la calle) hole, pothole

* * *
I
- ca adjetivo

1)

a) [estar] <árbol/bola> hollow; < nuez> empty, hollow

tienes la cabeza hueca — (fam & hum) you've got a head full of sawdust (colloq & hum)

b) [ser] ( vacío) < palabras> empty; < estilo> superficial; < persona> shallow, superficial

c) ( esponjoso) < lana> soft; < colchón> soft, spongy

d) <sonido/tos> hollow; < voz> resonant

2) ( orgulloso) proud
II
masculino

1)

a) ( cavidad)

detrás de la tabla hay un hueco — there's a cavity behind the board

suena a hueco — it sounds hollow

el hueco del ascensor — the lift shaft

el hueco de la escalera — the stairwell

el hueco de la puerta — the doorway

b) ( espacio libre) space

un hueco para aparcar — a parking space

hacedme un hueco para sentarme — can you make a bit of space o room so I can sit down?

c) ( en una organización) gap

llenar un hueco en el mercado — to fill a gap in the market

un hueco entre dos clases — a free period between two classes

¿no puedes hacer un huequito para verlo hoy? — can't you squeeze o fit him in somewhere today?

2) ( concavidad) hollow

3) (Andes, Ven) (agujero, hoyo) hole; ( en la calle) hole, pothole

* * *

hueco¹

¹ = gap, slot, hollow, recess, alcove, cavity.

Ex: New editions will be essentially cumulations and therefore a longer gap will exist between editions.

Ex: These frames are of different types and have slots also of different types, which can be filled by other frames.

Ex: It can certainly be status-conferring to let it be known in social conversation that one has read the latest Fay Weldon book, but if the group one is in never reads Fay Weldon anyway and could not care less what she has written then the victory is a somewhat hollow one.

Ex: He then dropped the metal suddenly into the mouth of the mould, and at the same instant gave it a jerk or toss to force the metal into the recesses of the matrix (the precise form of the jerk varying with the different letters).

Ex: Our news service is delivered by a large-screen television that broadcasts continuous cable news in a special alcove adjacent to the library's current periodicals and reference areas.

Ex: His sculptures were made by making casts of the cavities left in snow onto which the artist and a collaborator had urinated.

* dejar un hueco = leave + gap.

* encontrar un hueco = find + a home.

* hacer hueco = make + room (for).

* hacerse un hueco en la vida = get on in + life.

* hueco de la escalera = stairwell.

* hueco de servicio = service core.

* llenar un hueco = fill + gap, fill in + gap, fill + the breach.

hueco²

² = hollow.

Nota: Adjetivo.

Ex: The other helpful procedure is venoclysis, the slow drop-by-drop introduction into a vein, through a hollow needle, of a salt or a sugar solution.

* cabeza hueca = empty-headed, ditzy [ditzier -comp., ditziest -sup.], ditz, dits, ditsy [ditsier -comp., ditsiest -sup.], airhead, airheaded, bonehead, nong, ning-nong.

* en hueco = punched.

* * *

hueco¹ -ca

adjective

A

1 [ ESTAR] ‹árbol/bola› hollow; ‹nuez› empty, hollow

tienes la cabeza hueca ( fam hum); you've got a head full of sawdust ( colloq hum)

2 [ SER] (vacío) ‹palabras› empty; ‹estilo› superficial; ‹persona› shallow, superficial

3 (esponjoso) ‹lana› soft; ‹colchón› soft, spongy

4 ‹sonido› hollow; ‹voz› resonant; ‹tos› hollow

B ( Esp) (orgulloso) proud

iba tan hueco con sus nietos he looked so proud as he walked along with his grandchildren

hueco²

masculine

A

1

(cavidad): detrás de la tabla hay un hueco there's a cavity behind the board, it's hollow behind the board

aquí la pared suena a hueco the wall sounds hollow here

el hueco del ascensor the lift shaft

el hueco de la escalera the stairwell

el hueco de la puerta the doorway

2 (espacio libre) space

un hueco para aparcar a parking space

este hueco es para la lavadora this space is for the washing machine

a ver si me hacen un hueco para sentarme can you make a bit of space o room so I can sit down?

si no entiendes alguna palabra, deja un hueco if you don't understand a word, just leave a blank o a space

3

(en una organización): para llenar el hueco existente en este campo to fill the gap which exists in this field

deja un hueco que será difícil llenar he leaves a gap which will be hard to fill

tengo un hueco entre las dos clases I have a free period between the two classes

¿no puedes hacer un huequito or un huequecito para verlo hoy? can't you make a bit of time to see him today?, can't you squeeze o fit him in somewhere today? ( colloq)

B (concavidad) hollow

en el hueco de la mano in the hollow of his/her hand

hacer un hueco en la harina make a well o hollow in the flour

C (Andes, Ven) (agujero, hoyo) hole; (en la calle) hole, pothole

el acné le dejó la cara llena de huecos his face was pitted by acne

los huecos que dejaron las balas en la pared the bulletholes left in the wall

* * *

hueco 1
◊ -ca adjetivo

a) [estar] ‹árbol/bola› hollow;

‹ nuez› empty, hollow;
◊ tienes la cabeza hueca (fam &

hum) you've got a head full of sawdust (colloq & hum)
b) [ser] ( vacío) ‹ palabras› empty;

‹ estilo› superficial;
‹ persona› shallow, superficial
c) ( esponjoso) ‹ lana› soft;

‹ colchón› soft, spongy
d) ‹sonido/tos› hollow;

‹ voz› resonant
hueco 2 sustantivo masculino
a) (cavidad en árbol, roca) hollow;

( de ascensor) shaft;
◊ suena a hueco it sounds hollow;

el hueco de la escalera the stairwell
b) ( espacio) space;

( entre dos dientes) gap;
◊ un hueco para aparcar a parking space;

hazme un hueco make room for me;
llenar un hueco en el mercado to fill a gap in the market
c) ( concavidad) hollow

hueco,-a
I adjetivo
1 (vacío) empty, hollow
cabeza hueca, empty-headed
palabras huecas, empty words
2 (voz, sonido) resonant
II sustantivo masculino
1 (cavidad vacía) hollow, hole
2 (rato libre) free time
3 (sitio libre) empty space
♦ Locuciones: hacer un hueco, (de tiempo) to make time
(de espacio) to make room
' hueco' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
hueca
- mella
- montante
- rellenar
- tapiar
- vacía
- vaciar
- vacío
- escalera
- rendija
- sonar
- tapar
- tubo
English:
bay
- gap
- gaping
- hollow
- niche
- recess
- shaft
- solid
- stairwell
- well
- alcove
- neatly
- socket
- stair

* * *

hueco, -a

♦ adj

1. [vacío] hollow

2. [sonido] resonant, hollow

3. [sin ideas] empty;

su discurso fue hueco there was no substance to his speech;

eso no son más que palabras huecas those are just empty words;
Fam
es una cabeza hueca she's an airhead

4. [mullido, esponjoso] [bizcocho] light and fluffy;

lleva el pelo muy hueco she has a very bouffant hairstyle

5. Esp [orgulloso] proud;

se puso muy hueco cuando anunciaron su triunfo he swelled with pride when they announced his victory

♦ nm

1. [cavidad] hole;
[en pared] recess;
suena a hueco it sounds hollow

2. [espacio libre] space, gap;
[de ascensor] shaft;
el hueco de la escalera the stairwell;

no había ni un hueco en el teatro there wasn't an empty seat in the theatre;

hazme un hueco en el sofá make a bit of room for me on the sofa;

deja un hueco para poder insertar los gráficos leave a space for the graphs;

estoy buscando un hueco para aparcar I'm looking for a parking space;

la marcha de los hijos dejó un hueco en sus vidas the children leaving left a gap in their lives;

deja un hueco que será difícil de llenar she leaves a gap that will be hard to fill;

se abrió hueco entre la masa de curiosos he made his way through the crowd of onlookers;

un producto que se ha abierto un hueco en el mercado a product that has carved out a niche in the market

3. [rato libre] spare moment;

tengo un hueco a la hora del almuerzo I've got a moment at lunchtime;

te puedo hacer un hueco esta tarde I can fit o squeeze you in this afternoon

4. [vacante] vacancy;

ha quedado un hueco vacante en la cúpula del partido there's a vacancy in the party leadership

* * *

hueco

I adj hollow; ( vacío) empty; fig: persona shallow

II m

1 en pared, escrito gap

2 ( agujero) hole; de ascensor shaft

* * *

hueco, -ca adj

1) : hollow, empty

2) : soft, spongy

3) : hollow-sounding, resonant

4) : proud, conceited

5) : superficial

hueco nm

1) : hole, hollow, cavity

2) : gap, space

3) : recess, alcove

* * *

hueco¹ adj hollow

los huevos de chocolate están huecos chocolate eggs are hollow

hueco² n

1. (espacio) space

encontró un hueco para aparcar he found a parking space

2. (abertura, espacio en blanco) gap

hay que rellenar los huecos you have to fill in the gaps

3. (sitio) room

hazme un hueco make some room for me

4. (rato libre) time

si tengo un hueco, te llamaré I'll phone you if I have time

Spanish-English dictionary > hueco
6 light

I 1. noun
1) Licht, das

in a good light — bei gutem Licht

be in somebody's light — jemandem im Licht sein

at first light — bei Tagesanbruch

while the light lasts — solange es [noch] hell ist

light of day — (lit. or fig.) Tageslicht, das

2) (electric lamp) Licht, das; (fitting) Lampe, die

go out like a light — (fig.) sofort weg sein (ugs.)

3) (signal to ships) Leuchtfeuer, das

4) in sing. or pl. (signal to traffic) Ampel, die

at the third set of lights — an der dritten Ampel

5) (to ignite) Feuer, das

have you got a light? — haben Sie Feuer?

put a/set light to something — etwas anzünden

6)

throw or shed light [up]on something — Licht in etwas (Akk.) bringen

bring something to light — etwas ans [Tages]licht bringen; see also academic.ru/65424/see">see 1. 1)

7) in pl. (beliefs, abilities)

according to one's lights — nach bestem Wissen [und Gewissen]

8) (aspect)

in that light — aus dieser Sicht

seen in this light — so gesehen

in the light of — (taking into consideration) angesichts (+ Gen.)

show somebody in a bad light — ein schlechtes Licht auf jemanden werfen

put somebody in a good/bad light — jemanden in einem guten/schlechten Licht erscheinen lassen
2. adjective
hell

light-blue/-brown — etc. hellblau/-braun usw
3. transitive verb,
lit or lighted

1) (ignite) anzünden

2) (illuminate) erhellen

light somebody's/one's way — jemandem/sich leuchten
4. intransitive verb,
lit or lighted [Feuer, Zigarette:] brennen, sich anzünden lassen

Phrasal Verbs:

- light up
II 1. adjective
1) leicht

[for] light relief — [als] kleine Abwechslung

be a light sleeper — einen leichten Schlaf haben

2) (small in amount) gering

traffic is light on these roads — auf diesen Straßen herrscht nur wenig Verkehr

3) (not important) leicht

make light of something — etwas bagatellisieren

4) (nimble) leicht [Schritt, Bewegungen]

have light fingers — (steal) gern lange Finger machen (ugs.)

5) (easily borne) leicht [Krankheit, Strafe]; gering [Steuern]; mild [Strafe]

6)

with a light heart — (carefree) leichten od. frohen Herzens

7)

feel light in the head — (giddy) leicht benommen sein
2. adverb
travel light — mit wenig od. leichtem Gepäck reisen
III intransitive verb,
lit or lighted (come by chance)

light [up]on something — auf etwas (Akk.) kommen od. stoßen

* * *
I 1. noun
1) (the brightness given by the sun, a flame, lamps etc that makes things able to be seen: It was nearly dawn and the light was getting stronger; Sunlight streamed into the room.) das Licht

2) (something which gives light (eg a lamp): Suddenly all the lights went out.) das Licht

3) (something which can be used to set fire to something else; a flame: Have you got a light for my cigarette?) das Feuer

4) (a way of viewing or regarding: He regarded her action in a favourable light.) das Licht
2. adjective
1) (having light; not dark: The studio was a large, light room.) licht, hell

2) ((of a colour) pale; closer to white than black: light green.) hell
3. [lit] verb
1) (to give light to: The room was lit only by candles.) erleuchten

2) (to (make something) catch fire: She lit the gas; I think this match is damp, because it won't light.) anzünden

•

- lightness

- lighten

- lighter
- lighting
- lighthouse
- light-year
- bring to light
- come to light
- in the light of
- light up
- see the light
- set light to II
1) (easy to lift or carry; of little weight: I bought a light suitcase for plane journeys.) leicht

2) (easy to bear, suffer or do: Next time the punishment will not be so light.) leicht

3) ((of food) easy to digest: a light meal.) leicht

4) (of less weight than it should be: The load of grain was several kilos light.) zu leicht

5) (of little weight: Aluminium is a light metal.) leicht

6) (lively or agile: She was very light on her feet.) leicht

7) (cheerful; not serious: light music.) heiter

8) (little in quantity; not intense, heavy, strong etc: light rain.) leicht

9) ((of soil) containing a lot of sand.) locker

•

- lightly

- lightness

- lighten

- light-fingered
- light-headed
- light-hearted
- lightweight
- get off lightly
- make light of
- travel light III = light on - past tense, past participle lit [lit] - verb
(to find by chance: While wandering round the town, we lit on a very cheap restaurant.)

* * *

light¹

[laɪt]

I. n

1. no pl (brightness) Licht nt

is there enough \light? ist es hell genug?

artificial/natural \light künstliches/natürliches Licht

the \light of the sun das Sonnenlicht

by the \light of the moon bei Mondschein

by the \light of the candle im Schein der Kerze

2. (light-giving thing) Licht nt, Lichtquelle f; (lamp) Lampe f

as the \lights went... als die Lichter ausgingen,...

to put [or switch] [or turn] the \light on/off das Licht einschalten/ausschalten [o fam anmachen/ausmachen

3. no pl (fire) Feuer nt; (flame) [Kerzen]flamme f

have you got a \light, please? Entschuldigung, haben Sie [vielleicht] Feuer?

to catch \light Feuer fangen

to set \light to sth BRIT etw anzünden

to strike a \light ein Streichholz [o SCHWEIZ a. Zündholz] anzünden

4. no pl (daylight) [Tages]licht nt

at [the] first \light bei Tagesanbruch

5. (for decoration)

▪ \lights pl:

Christmas \lights Weihnachtsbeleuchtung f

6. usu pl (traffic light) Ampel f

7. (sparkle) Strahlen nt kein pl, Leuchten nt kein pl

the light in his eyes das Strahlen in seinen Augen

8. ( fig: perspective) Aspekt m, Perspektive f

try to look at it in a new \light versuch' es doch mal aus einer anderen Perspektive zu sehen

she started to see him in a new \light sie sah ihn plötzlich in einem ganz neuen Licht

to show sth in a bad/good \light etw in einem schlechten/guten Licht erscheinen lassen

to put sth in a favourable \light etw in ein günstiges Licht rücken

9. no pl (enlightenment) Erleuchtung f

I saw the \light! mir ging ein Licht auf! fam

10. (spiritual illumination) Erleuchtung f

11. (person's abilities)

▪ \lights pl [geistige] Fähigkeiten

to do sth according to one's \lights etw so gut machen, wie man es eben kann

12. (bright part in picture/on object) Licht nt

\light and shadow Licht und Schatten

13. (window) Fenster nt; (window division) Oberlicht nt; (pane of glass) Fensterscheibe f

14. ( fig: person) Leuchte f fam

leading \light (best at something) großes Licht, Leuchte f fam; (leader) Nummer eins f fam

a shining \light eine große Leuchte fam, ein großes Licht fam

15. (beacon) Leuchtfeuer nt; (lighthouse) Leuchtturm m

16.

▶ to bring sth to \light etw ans Licht bringen

▶ to cast [or shed] [or throw] \light on sth etw beleuchten fig, Licht in etw akk bringen

▶ to come to \light ans Licht kommen

▶ the \light at the end of the tunnel das Licht am Ende des Tunnels fig

▶ to hide one's \light under a bushel sein Licht unter den Scheffel stellen

▶ in the \light of sth [or AM usu in \light of sth] angesichts einer S. gen, im Lichte einer S. gen liter

▶ to be the \light of sb's life ( hum) die Sonne im Leben einer Person gen sein

▶ to be [or go] out like a \light ( fam: fall asleep) sofort weg sein fam; (faint) umkippen fam

▶ to see the \light of day (come into being) das Licht der Welt erblicken; (become known) ans Licht kommen

II. adj

1. (bright) hell

it's slowly getting \light es wird allmählich hell

summer is coming and the evenings are getting \lighter der Sommer kommt und es bleibt abends länger hell

2. (pale) hell-; (stronger) blass-

III. vt

<lit or lighted, lit or lighted>

1. (illuminate)

▪ to \light sth etw erhellen; stage, room etw beleuchten; ( fig)

his investigations lit the way for many other scientists seine Forschungen waren wegweisend für viele andere Wissenschaftler

2. (turn on)

to \light an electric light das Licht einschalten [o fam anknipsen

3. (guide with light)

▪ to \light sb jdm leuchten

4. (ignite)

to \light a candle/match eine Kerze/ein Streichholz anzünden

to \light a fire ein Feuer anzünden [o fam anmachen] [o SCHWEIZ a. anfeuern], Feuer machen

to \light a cigarette/pipe sich dat eine Zigarette/Pfeife anzünden [o fam anstecken

IV. vi

<lit or lighted, lit or lighted>

1. (burn) brennen

2. ( fig: become animated) eyes, etc aufleuchten fig

her face lit with pleasure sie strahlte vor Freude über das ganze Gesicht

light²

[laɪt]

I. adj

1. (not heavy) leicht

to be as \light as a feather federleicht [o leicht wie eine Feder] sein

2. (deficient in weight) zu leicht

this sack of rice seems about 2 kilos \light ich habe den Eindruck, dieser Sack Reis wiegt 2 Kilo zu wenig

to give sb \light weight jdm zu wenig abwiegen

3. (not sturdily built) leicht

\light clothes leichte Kleidung

4. (for small loads) Klein-

\light aircraft/lorry Kleinflugzeug nt/-lastwagen m

\light railway Kleinbahn f

5. MIL

\light infantry leichte Infanterie

6. (not fully loaded) aircraft/ship/vehicle nicht voll beladen

7. (of food and drink) leicht; (low in fat) fettarm

a \light diet eine fettarme Diät

\light food leichtes Essen

a \light meal eine leichte Mahlzeit

\light pastry lockerer Teig

\light wine leichter Wein

8. (porous)

\light soil lockeres Erdreich

9. CHEM leicht

\light isotope leichtes Isotop

10. (low in intensity)

the traffic was quite \light es war kaum Verkehr

it's only \light rain es nieselt nur

\light breeze leichte Brise

11. (easily disturbed)

\light sleep leichter Schlaf

to be a \light sleeper einen leichten Schlaf haben

12. (easily done) nachsichtig, mild

\light sentence mildes Urteil

\light housework leichte Hausarbeit

13. (gentle) leicht; kiss zart; (soft) touch sanft

to have a \light touch MUS einen weichen Anschlag haben

14. (graceful)

\light building elegantes Gebäude

\light figure anmutige Gestalt

15. (not bold)

\light type eine schlanke Schrifttype

16. (not serious) leicht attr

\light entertainment leichte Unterhaltung

\light opera Operette f

\light reading Unterhaltungslektüre f

\light tone Plauderton m

17. (cheerful) frohgemut poet

with a \light heart leichten Herzens

18. ( old: unchaste) leicht

a \light girl ein leichtes Mädchen veraltend

19.

▶ to be a bit \light in one's loafers AM (pej!) etwas weibische Züge haben pej

▶ to be \light on one's feet leichtfüßig sein

▶ to make \light of sth etw bagatellisieren [o fam herunterspielen]

▶ to make \light work of sth mit etw dat spielend fertigwerden

▶ to be \light on sth es an etw dat fehlen lassen

II. adv

1. (with little luggage)

to travel \light mit leichtem Gepäck reisen

2. (with no severe consequences)

to get off \light glimpflich [o fam mit einem blauen Auge] davonkommen

* * *
I [laɪt] vb: pret, ptp lit or lighted
1. n

1) (in general) Licht nt

by the light of a candle/the fire — im Schein einer Kerze/des Feuers

light and shade — Licht und Schatten

at first light —

hang the picture in a good light — häng das Bild ins richtige Licht

to cast or throw or shed light on sth (lit) — etw beleuchten; (fig also) Licht in etw (acc) bringen

the moon cast its silvery light on... — der Mond beleuchtete... silbern or warf sein silbernes Licht auf (+acc)...

to cast a new or fresh light on sth — neues Licht auf etw (acc)

to be in sb's light (lit) — jdm im Licht stehen

in the cold light of day (fig) — bei Licht besehen

the harsh light of reality — die raue Wirklichkeit

this story shows his character in a bad light — diese Geschichte wirft ein schlechtes Licht auf seinen Charakter

to see sb/sth in a different light — jdn/etw in einem anderen Licht sehen

it showed him in a different light —

I don't see things in that light — ich sehe die Dinge anders or in einem anderen Licht

to see sth in a new light — etw mit anderen Augen betrachten

in the light of — angesichts (+gen)

the theory, seen in the light of recent discoveries — die Theorie im Licht(e) der neuesten Entdeckungen betrachtet

in the light of what you say — in Anbetracht dessen, was Sie sagen

to bring sth to light — etw ans Tageslicht bringen

to come to light —

to see the light (liter) (= be born) (= be made public) — das Licht der Welt erblicken (liter) veröffentlicht werden

finally I saw the light (inf) — endlich ging mir ein Licht auf (inf); (morally) endlich wurden mir die Augen geöffnet

to see the light of day (report) — veröffentlicht werden; (project) verwirklicht werden

the light dawned (fig) — mir ging ein Licht auf (inf)

to go out like a light — sofort weg sein (inf)

2) Licht nt; (= lamp) Lampe f; (= fluorescent light) Neonröhre f

put out the lights before you go to bed — mach das Licht aus, bevor du ins Bett gehst

all the lights went out during the storm — während des Sturms gingen alle Lichter aus

(traffic) lights — Ampel f

the lights (of a car) —

all ships must show a light while at sea lights out (Mil) — alle Schiffe müssen auf See Lichter führen Zapfenstreich m

lights out for the boys was at 8 pm — um 20 Uhr mussten die Jungen das Licht ausmachen

lights out! — Licht aus(machen)!

to hide one's light under a bushel (prov) — sein Licht unter den Scheffel stellen (prov)

the lights are on but nobody's (at) home (fig inf) — er/sie ist geistig weggetreten (inf)

3)

(= flame) have you (got) a light? — haben Sie Feuer?

to put a light to sth, to set light to sth — etw anzünden

4) (ARCHIT) (Dach)fenster nt; (= skylight) Oberlicht nt

leaded lights — in Blei gefasste Fensterscheiben

5) (in eyes) Leuchten nt

the light went out of her eyes — das Strahlen erlosch in ihren Augen

6)

(= standards) according to his lights — nach bestem Wissen und Gewissen

2. adj (+er)
hell
a light green dress — ein hellgrünes Kleid

it's getting or growing light —

it is light now — es ist jetzt hell or Tag

3. vt

1) (= illuminate) beleuchten; lamp, light anmachen

a smile lit her face — ein Lächeln erhellte ihr Gesicht

to light the way for sb — jdm leuchten; (fig)

his pioneering work lit the way for a whole generation of scholars — seine Pionierarbeit war wegweisend für eine ganze Gelehrtengeneration

2) (= ignite) anzünden; cigarette anstecken, anzünden; fire, candle anzünden, anmachen

to light a fire under sb ( esp US fig ) — jdm Feuer unter dem Hintern machen (inf)

4. vi
(= begin to burn) brennen
this fire won't light — das Feuer geht nicht an
II
1. adj (+er)
leicht; taxes niedrig; punishment milde
to give sb light weight — jdm zu wenig abwiegen

she has a very light touch on the piano — sie hat einen sehr weichen Anschlag

to be a light eater — wenig essen, kein großer Esser sein

light comedy — Lustspiel nt, Schwank m

light opera — Operette f

light reading — Unterhaltungslektüre f

a light and cheerful approach to life — eine unbeschwerte, fröhliche Einstellung zum Leben

with a light heart — leichten Herzens

as light as air or a feather — federleicht

to be light on one's feet — sich leichtfüßig bewegen

to make light of one's difficulties — seine Schwierigkeiten auf die leichte Schulter nehmen

you shouldn't make light of her problems — du solltest dich über ihre Probleme nicht lustig machen

to make light work of — spielend fertig werden mit

2. adv

to travel light — mit wenig or leichtem Gepäck reisen
III
vi pret, ptp lighted or lit (liter)
sich niederlassen
* * *

light¹ [laıt]

A s

1. Licht n, Helligkeit f:

let there be light! BIBEL es werde Licht!;

stand ( oder be) in sb’s light

a) jemandem im Licht stehen,

b) fig jemandem im Weg stehen;

stand in one’s own light

a) sich im Licht stehen,

b) fig sich selbst im Weg stehen;

get out of the light geh aus dem Licht!;

he can see the light at the end of the tunnel fig er sieht Licht am Ende des Tunnels

2. Licht n ( auch PHYS), Beleuchtung f:

in subdued light bei gedämpftem Licht

3. Licht n, Schein m:

by the light of a candle beim Licht oder Schein einer Kerze, bei Kerzenschein

4. a) Licht(quelle) n(f) (Sonne, Lampe, Kerze etc):

hide one’s light under a bushel sein Licht unter den Scheffel stellen

b) AUTO Scheinwerfer m: → flash B 1

5. Br meist pl (Verkehrs) Ampel f:

jump ( oder shoot) the lights bei Rot über die Kreuzung fahren, ein Rotlicht überfahren;

the lights were against him er hatte Rot; → green light, red light

6. SCHIFF

a) Leuchtfeuer n

b) Leuchtturm m

7. (Sonnen-, Tages)Licht n: I must finish my work while the light lasts solang(e) es noch hell ist;

see the light (of day)

a) das Licht der Welt erblicken, geboren werden,

b) fig herauskommen, auf den Markt kommen ( → A 9, A 11);

at first light bei Tagesanbruch;

in the cold light of day ( oder dawn) fig bei Licht besehen oder betrachtet

8. Tagesanbruch m:

at light bei Tagesanbruch

9. fig (Tages) Licht n:

bring (come) to light ans Licht bringen (kommen);

see the light (of day) bekannt oder veröffentlicht werden ( → A 7, A 11)

10. fig Licht n, Aspekt m:

in the light of Br, in light of US unter dem Aspekt (gen), in Anbetracht (gen), angesichts (gen);

I have never looked on the matter in that light von dieser Seite habe ich die Angelegenheit noch nie gesehen;

put sth in its true light etwas ins rechte Licht rücken;

reveal sth in a different light etwas in einem anderen Licht erscheinen lassen;

see sth in a different light etwas mit anderen Augen sehen;

show sth in a bad light ein schlechtes Licht auf eine Sache werfen

11. fig Licht n, Erleuchtung f ( auch REL):

cast ( oder shed, throw) light on sth

a) Licht auf eine Sache werfen,

b) zur Lösung oder Aufklärung einer Sache beitragen;

see the light

a) zur Einsicht kommen,

b) REL erleuchtet werden ( → A 7, A 9);

I saw the light mir ging ein Licht auf, mir gingen die Augen auf;

by the light of nature mit den natürlichen Verstandeskräften

12. pl Erkenntnisse pl, Informationen pl

13. pl Wissen n, Verstand m, geistige Fähigkeiten pl:

by ( oder according to) his lights

a) so gut er es eben versteht,

b) nach seinen Grundsätzen oder Vorstellungen oder Maßstäben,

c) für seine Verhältnisse

14. MAL

a) Licht n:

light and shade

b) Aufhellung f

15. Glanz m, Leuchten n (der Augen):

the light went out of her eyes der Glanz ihrer Augen erlosch

16. Feuer n (zum Anzünden):

have you got a light? haben Sie Feuer?;

put a ( oder set) light to sth etwas anzünden oder in Brand stecken;

strike a light ein Streichholz anzünden

17. a) Fenster(scheibe) n(f)

b) Dachfenster n

18. fig Leuchte f, großes Licht (Person): → leading light 2

19. auch light of one’s eyes poet Augenlicht n

20. pl sl Gucker pl (Augen)

B adj hell, licht (Farbe, Raum etc):

light hair helles Haar;

light red

a) Hellrot n,

b) hellrot

C v/t prät und pperf lighted, lit [lıt]

1. auch light up ein Feuer, eine Lampe anzünden:

he lit a cigarette er zündete sich eine Zigarette an

2. be-, erleuchten, erhellen:

light up hell beleuchten

3. meist light up jemandes Augen etc aufleuchten lassen

4. jemandem leuchten

5. be lit up umg angeheitert sein:

a) durch Alkoholgenuss beschwingt sein

b) leicht angetrunken sein

D v/i

1. auch light up sich entzünden

2. meist light up

a) sich erhellen, hell werden,

b) fig aufleuchten (Augen etc)

3. light up

a) Licht machen,

b) die Straßenbeleuchtung einschalten,

c) AUTO die Scheinwerfer einschalten

4. light up umg sich eine (Zigarette etc) anzünden

light² [laıt]

A adj (adv → lightly)

1. leicht (von geringem Gewicht):

(as) light as air

a) auch (as) light as a feather ( oder as thistledown) federleicht

b) fig sorgenfrei; → purse A 1

2. (spezifisch) leicht:

light metal Leichtmetall n

3. light coin US Münze f mit zu geringem Edelmetallgehalt

4. leicht (zu ertragen oder auszuführen):

light punishment;

light work; → work A 1

5. leicht (nicht tief):

light sleep; → sleeper 1

6. leicht, Unterhaltungs…:

light literature Unterhaltungsliteratur f;

light music leichte Musik, Unterhaltungsmusik f;

light opera komische Oper, Spieloper f;

light reading Unterhaltungslektüre f, leichte Lektüre

7. leicht (geringfügig):

light illness;

a light rain;

a light eater ein schwacher Esser;

a light error ein kleiner Irrtum;

light traffic geringer Verkehr;

no light matter keine Kleinigkeit;

make light of sth

a) etwas auf die leichte Schulter nehmen,

b) etwas verharmlosen oder bagatellisieren

8. leicht:

a) leicht verdaulich:

a light meal eine leichte Mahlzeit

b) mit geringem Alkohol- oder Nikotingehalt (Wein, Zigaretten etc)

9. locker (Erde, Schnee etc):

light bread leichtes oder locker gebackenes Brot

10. leicht, sanft (Berührung etc)

11. flink:

be light on one’s feet flink auf den Beinen sein

12. graziös, anmutig:

she is a light dancer

13. a) unbeschwert, sorglos, heiter, fröhlich:

with a light heart leichten Herzens

b) leichtfertig, -sinnig

c) unbeständig, flatterhaft

d) unmoralisch:

a light girl ein leichtes Mädchen

14. be light in the head (leicht) benommen sein

15. SCHIFF, MIL leicht (Artillerie, Kreuzer etc):

in light marching order mit leichtem Marschgepäck

16. a) leicht beladen

b) unbeladen, leer, ohne Ladung:

the ship returned light;

a light engine eine allein fahrende Lokomotive

17. TECH leicht (gebaut), für leichte Beanspruchung, Leicht…:

light plane Leichtflugzeug n;

light current ELEK Schwachstrom m

18. PHON

a) unbetont, schwach betont (Silbe, Vokal)

b) schwach (Betonung)

c) hell, vorn im Mund artikuliert (Laut)

B adv travel light mit leichtem Gepäck reisen

light³ [laıt] prät und pperf lighted, lit [lıt] v/i

1. obs oder poet (ab)steigen (from, off von)

2. obs oder poet fallen (on auf akk):

a cat always lights on its feet

3. obs oder poet sich niederlassen (on auf dat):

the bird lighted on a twig

4. fig obs oder poet (zufällig) stoßen (on auf akk)

5. fig obs oder poet fallen (on auf akk):

the choice lighted on him

6. light into sb umg über jemanden herfallen (auch mit Worten)

7. light out umg verduften umg, verschwinden

* * *
I 1. noun
1) Licht, das

in a good light — bei gutem Licht

be in somebody's light — jemandem im Licht sein

at first light — bei Tagesanbruch

while the light lasts — solange es [noch] hell ist

light of day — (lit. or fig.) Tageslicht, das

2) (electric lamp) Licht, das; (fitting) Lampe, die

go out like a light — (fig.) sofort weg sein (ugs.)

3) (signal to ships) Leuchtfeuer, das

4) in sing. or pl. (signal to traffic) Ampel, die

at the third set of lights — an der dritten Ampel

5) (to ignite) Feuer, das

have you got a light? — haben Sie Feuer?

put a/set light to something — etwas anzünden

6)

throw or shed light [up]on something — Licht in etwas (Akk.) bringen

bring something to light — etwas ans [Tages]licht bringen; see also see 1. 1)

7) in pl. (beliefs, abilities)

according to one's lights — nach bestem Wissen [und Gewissen]

8) (aspect)

in that light — aus dieser Sicht

seen in this light — so gesehen

in the light of — (taking into consideration) angesichts (+ Gen.)

show somebody in a bad light — ein schlechtes Licht auf jemanden werfen

put somebody in a good/bad light — jemanden in einem guten/schlechten Licht erscheinen lassen
2. adjective
hell

light-blue/-brown — etc. hellblau/-braun usw
3. transitive verb,
lit or lighted

1) (ignite) anzünden

2) (illuminate) erhellen

light somebody's/one's way — jemandem/sich leuchten
4. intransitive verb,
lit or lighted [Feuer, Zigarette:] brennen, sich anzünden lassen

Phrasal Verbs:

- light up
II 1. adjective
1) leicht

[for] light relief — [als] kleine Abwechslung

be a light sleeper — einen leichten Schlaf haben

2) (small in amount) gering

traffic is light on these roads — auf diesen Straßen herrscht nur wenig Verkehr

3) (not important) leicht

make light of something — etwas bagatellisieren

4) (nimble) leicht [Schritt, Bewegungen]

have light fingers — (steal) gern lange Finger machen (ugs.)

5) (easily borne) leicht [Krankheit, Strafe]; gering [Steuern]; mild [Strafe]

6)

with a light heart — (carefree) leichten od. frohen Herzens

7)

feel light in the head — (giddy) leicht benommen sein
2. adverb
travel light — mit wenig od. leichtem Gepäck reisen
III intransitive verb,
lit or lighted (come by chance)

light [up]on something — auf etwas (Akk.) kommen od. stoßen

* * *

adj.

blond adj.

erhellen adj.

hell adj.

leicht adj. n.

Licht -er n.

Lichtschein m.

Schein -e m. v.

(§ p.,p.p.: lit)

= anzünden v.

beleuchten v.

erleuchten v.

English-german dictionary > light
7 day

noun

1) Tag, der

all day [long] — den ganzen Tag [lang]

take all day — (fig.) eine Ewigkeit brauchen

all day and every day — tagaus, tagein

to this day, from that day to this — bis zum heutigen Tag

for two days — zwei Tage [lang]

what's the day or what day is it today? — welcher Tag ist heute?

twice a day — zweimal täglich od. am Tag

in a day/two days — (within) in od. an einem Tag/in zwei Tagen

[on] the day after/before — am Tag danach/davor

[the] next/[on] the following/[on] the previous day — am nächsten/folgenden/vorhergehenden Tag

the day before yesterday/after tomorrow — vorgestern/übermorgen

the other day — neulich

from this/that day [on] — von heute an/von diesem Tag an

one of these [fine] days — eines [schönen] Tages

some day — eines Tages; irgendwann einmal

for the day — für einen Tag

day after day — Tag für Tag

day by day, from day to day — von Tag zu Tag

day in day out — tagaus, tagein

call it a day — (end work) Feierabend machen; (more generally) Schluss machen

at the end of the day — (fig.) letzten Endes

it's not my day — ich habe [heute] einen schlechten Tag

2) in sing. or pl. (period)

in the days when... — zu der Zeit, als...

these days — heutzutage

in those days — damals; zu jener Zeit

in this day and age — heutzutage

have seen/known better days — bessere Tage gesehen/gekannt haben

those were the days — das waren noch Zeiten

in one's day — zu seiner Zeit; (during lifetime) in seinem Leben

every dog has its day — jeder hat einmal seine Chance

it has had its day — es hat ausgedient (ugs.)

3) (victory)

win or carry the day — den Sieg davontragen

* * *
[dei] 1. noun
1) (the period from sunrise to sunset: She worked all day; The days are warm but the nights are cold.) der Tag

2) (a part of this period eg that part spent at work: How long is your working day?; The school day ends at 3 o'clock; I see him every day.) der Tag

3) (the period of twenty-four hours from one midnight to the next: How many days are in the month of September?) der Tag

4) ((often in plural) the period of, or of the greatest activity, influence, strength etc of (something or someone): in my grandfather's day; in the days of steam-power.) die Tage (pl.)

•

- academic.ru/18551/daybreak">daybreak
- day-dream 2. verb
She often day-dreams.) mit offenen Augen träumen

- daylight
- day school
- daytime
- call it a day
- day by day
- day in
- day out
- make someone's day
- one day
- some day
- the other day
* * *

day

[deɪ]

n

1. (24 hours) Tag m

my birthday is ten \days from now heute in zehn Tagen habe ich Geburtstag

what a \day! was für ein Tag!

you're forty if you're a \day ( fam) du bist mindestens vierzig [Jahre alt]

you don't look a \day over forty Sie sehen kein bisschen älter als vierzig aus

we're expecting the response any \day now die Antwort kann jetzt jeden Tag kommen

today is not my \day heute ist nicht mein Tag

today of all \days ausgerechnet heute

for a few \days auf ein paar Tage, für einige Tage

in a few \days[' time] in einigen [o in ein paar] Tagen

from one \day to the next (suddenly) von heute auf morgen; (in advance) im Voraus

from one \day to the other von einem Tag auf den anderen

one \day eines Tages

to be one of those \days einer dieser unglückseligen Tage sein

the other \day neulich, vor einigen Tagen

some \day irgendwann [einmal]

\day in, \day out tagaus, tagein

from this \day forth von heute an

from that \day on[wards] von dem Tag an

the \day after tomorrow übermorgen

the \day before yesterday vorgestern

\day after \day Tag für Tag, tagtäglich

\day by \day Tag für Tag

by the \day von Tag zu Tag

from \day to \day von Tag zu Tag

to the \day auf den Tag genau

to this \day bis heute

these \days (recently) in letzter Zeit; (nowadays) heutzutage, heute; (at the moment) zurzeit

one of these \days eines Tages; (soon) demnächst [einmal]; (some time or other) irgendwann [einmal]

2. ECON (work period) Tag m

he works three \days on, two \days off er arbeitet drei Tage und hat dann zwei Tage frei

I have a full \day tomorrow morgen ist mein Tag randvoll mit Terminen, morgen habe ich einen anstrengenden Tag

working \day Arbeitstag m

all \day den ganzen Tag

to work an eight-hour \day acht Stunden am Tag arbeiten

to take a \day off einen Tag freinehmen

3. (not night) Tag m

all \day [long] den ganzen Tag [über [o lang]]

\day and night Tag und Nacht

a sunny/wet \day ein sonniger/regnerischer Tag

by \day tagsüber, während des Tages

4. (former time) Zeit f

those were the \days das waren noch Zeiten

to have seen better \days schon bessere Tage [o Zeiten] gesehen haben

in the old \days früher

in the good old \days in der guten alten Zeit

to have had one's \day seine [beste] Zeit gehabt haben

in the \days before/of/when... zur Zeit vor/des/, als...

in those \days damals

in/since sb's \day zu/seit jds Zeit

things have quite changed since my \day seit meiner Zeit hat sich einiges verändert

in my younger/student \days... als ich noch jung/Student war,...

5. no pl (present)

in this \day and age heutzutage

of the \day Tages-

the news of the \day die Tagesnachrichten [o Nachrichten von heute

6. (life)

▪ sb's \days pl jds Leben nt

her \days are numbered ihre Tage sind gezählt

to end one's \days in poverty sein Leben [o geh seine Tage] in Armut beschließen

in all my [born] \days in meinem ganzen Leben

until my/her dying \day bis an mein/ihr Lebensende

7. (special date) Tag m

\day of Atonement [jüdisches] Versöhnungsfest

the \day of Judg[e]ment der Jüngste Tag

8.

▶ any \day jederzeit

I can beat you any \day! ( fam) dich kann ich jederzeit schlagen!

▶ back in the \day AM (sl) in der Vergangenheit

▶ the big \day der große Tag

▶ to call it a \day Schluss machen [für heute]

▶ to carry [or win] the \day den Sieg davontragen geh

▶ at the end of the \day (in the final analysis) letzten Endes; (finally, eventually) schließlich, zum Schluss

▶ to make sb's \day jds Tag retten

▶ to name the \day den Hochzeitstermin festsetzen, den Tag der Hochzeit festlegen

▶ to be like night and \day wie Tag und Nacht sein

▶ sb's \days [as sth] are numbered jds Tage [als etw] sind gezählt

▶ from \day one von Anfang an, vom ersten Tag an

▶ to pass the time of \day plaudern, SÜDD, ÖSTERR, SCHWEIZ a. plauschen

▶ that will be the \day! ( fam) das möchte ich zu gern[e] einmal erleben! fam

▶ to be all in a \day's work zum Alltag gehören

* * *
[deɪ]
n

1) Tag m

he's coming in three days' time or in three days — er kommt in drei Tagen

it will arrive any day now — es muss jeden Tag kommen

what day is it today? — welcher Tag ist heute?, was haben wir heute?

what day of the month is it? — der Wievielte ist heute?

twice a day — zweimal täglich or am Tag

the day before yesterday — vorgestern

the day after/before, the following/previous day — am Tag danach/zuvor, am (darauf)folgenden/vorhergehenden Tag

the day after tomorrow — übermorgen

this day week ( Brit inf ) — heute in acht Tagen (inf)

from that day on( wards) —

from this day forth (old) — von diesem Tage an

two years ago to the day — auf den Tag genau vor zwei Jahren

one day — eines Tages

one day we went swimming, and the next... — einen Tag gingen wir schwimmen, und den nächsten...

one of these days — irgendwann (einmal), eines Tages

day in, day out — tagein, tagaus

they went to London for the day — sie machten einen Tagesausflug nach London

for days on end — tagelang

day after day — Tag für Tag, tagtäglich

day by day — jeden Tag, täglich

the other day — neulich

at the end of the day (fig) — letzten Endes

to live from day to day — von einem Tag auf den andern leben

today of all days — ausgerechnet heute

some day soon — demnächst

I remember it to this day — daran erinnere ich mich noch heute

he's fifty if he's a day (esp Brit) — er ist mindestens or wenigstens fünfzig

all day — den ganzen Tag

to travel during the day or by day — tagsüber or während des Tages reisen

at that time of day — zu der Tageszeit

to work day and night —

good day! (= goodbye) (the) day is done (liter) — guten Tag! auf Wiedersehen! der Tag ist vorüber

to be paid by the day — tageweise bezahlt werden

let's call it a day — machen wir Schluss

some time during the day — irgendwann im Laufe des Tages

to have a nice day — einen schönen Tag verbringen

to have a lazy day — einen Tag faulenzen

have a nice day! — viel Spaß!; ( esp US, said by storekeeper etc ) schönen Tag noch!

did you have a nice day? — wars schön?

did you have a good day at the office? —

to have a good/bad day — einen guten/schlechten Tag haben

what a day! (terrible) — so ein fürchterlicher Tag!; (lovely) so ein herrlicher Tag!

on a wet/dry day — an einem regnerischen/trockenen Tag

to work an eight-hour day — einen Achtstundentag haben, acht Stunden am Tag arbeiten

it's all in the or a day's work! — das ist (doch) selbstverständlich

that'll be the day — das möcht ich sehen or erleben

See:

→ make

2)

(period of time: often pl) these days — heute, heutzutage

what are you doing these days? — was machst or treibst du denn so?

in this day and age — heutzutage

the talking point of the day — das Tagesgespräch

in days to come — künftig, in künftigen Zeiten or Tagen (geh)

from his young days — von Kindesbeinen or frühester Jugend an

in his younger days — als er noch jünger war

in Queen Victoria's day, in the days of Queen Victoria — zu Königin Viktorias Zeiten

the happiest days of my life — die glücklichste Zeit meines Lebens

those were the days — das waren noch Zeiten

in the old days — früher

in the good old days — in der guten alten Zeit

it's early days yet —

during the early days of the war — in den ersten Kriegstagen

he/this material has seen better days — er/dieser Stoff hat (auch) schon bessere Zeiten or Tage gesehen

to end one's days in misery — im Elend sterben

3)

(with poss adj = lifetime, best time) famous in her day — in ihrer Zeit berühmt

it has had its day — das hat seine Glanzzeit überschritten

his day will come — sein Tag wird kommen

everything has its day — für alles kommt einmal die richtige Zeit

4) no pl

(= contest, battle) to win or carry the day — den Sieg bringen

to lose/save the day — den Kampf verlieren/retten

* * *

day [deı] s

1. Tag m (Ggs Nacht):

it is broad day es ist heller Tag;

before day vor Tagesanbruch;

(as) clear as day

a) taghell,

b) auch (as) plain as day fig sonnenklar;

good day! bes obs guten Tag!

2. Tag m (Zeitraum):

three days from London drei Tage(reisen) von London entfernt;

one-day eintägig;

work a four-day week vier Tage in der Woche arbeiten;

five-day week Fünftagewoche f;

open 7 days per week täglich geöffnet;

I haven’t got all day umg ich hab nicht den ganzen Tag Zeit;

(as) happy as the day is long wunschlos glücklich;

(as) merry as the day is long quietschvergnügt umg; → honest A 1, respite A 1, rest¹ A 2

3. (bestimmter) Tag:

till the day of his death bis zu seinem Todestag;

since the day dot umg seit einer Ewigkeit;

first day at ( oder of) school erster Schultag; → departure 1 b, New Year’s Day, etc

4. Empfangs-, Besuchstag m

5. a) (festgesetzter) Tag, Termin m:

day of delivery Liefertermin, -tag;

keep one’s day obs pünktlich sein

b) SPORT Spieltag m

6. meist pl (Lebens)Zeit f, Zeiten pl, Tage pl:

in my young days in meinen Jugendtagen;

in those days in jenen Tagen, damals;

in the days of old vorzeiten, in alten Zeiten, einst;

end one’s days seine Tage beschließen, sterben;

all the days of one’s life sein ganzes Leben lang;

she was the best actress of her day ihrer Zeit;

my dancing days are done ( oder over)

a) das Tanzen habe ich aufgegeben,

b) mit dem Tanzen geht es bei mir nicht mehr

7. meist pl (beste) Zeit (des Lebens), Glanzzeit f:

in our day zu unserer Zeit;

every dog has his day (Sprichwort) jedem lacht einmal das Glück;

have had one’s day sich überlebt haben, am Ende sein;

he has had his day seine beste Zeit ist vorüber;

the machine has had its day die Maschine hat ausgedient;

those were the days! das waren noch Zeiten!

8. ARCH Öffnung f, Lichte f (eines Fensters etc)

9. Bergbau: Tag mBesondere Redewendungen: day after day Tag für Tag;

the day after

a) tags darauf, am nächsten oder folgenden Tag,

b) der nächste Tag;

the day after tomorrow, US day after tomorrow übermorgen;

(day and) day about einen um den andern Tag, jeden zweiten Tag;

day and night Tag und Nacht arbeiten etc;

any day jeden Tag;

any day (of the week) umg jederzeit;

the day before

a) tags zuvor,

b) der vorhergehende Tag;

the day before yesterday, US day before yesterday vorgestern;

it was days before he came es vergingen oder es dauerte Tage, ehe er kam;

by day, during the day bei Tag(e);

by the day

a) tageweise,

b) im Tagelohn arbeiten;

day by day (tag)täglich, Tag für Tag, jeden Tag wieder;

call it a day umg (für heute) Schluss machen;

let’s call it a day! Feierabend!, Schluss für heute!;

carry ( oder win) the day

a) den Sieg davontragen,

b) fig die Oberhand gewinnen;

lose the day den Kampf verlieren;

fall on evil days ins Unglück geraten;

from day to day

a) von Tag zu Tag, zusehends,

b) von einem Tag zum anderen;

day in, day out tagaus, tagein; immerfort;

ask sb the time of day jemanden nach der Uhrzeit fragen;

give sb the time of day jemandem guten Tag sagen;

know the time of day wissen, was die Glocke geschlagen hat; Bescheid wissen;

live for the day sorglos in den Tag hinein leben;

that made my day umg damit war der Tag für mich gerettet;

save the day die Lage retten;

(in) these days, in this day and age heutzutage;

one of these (fine) days demnächst, nächstens (einmal), eines schönen Tages;

this day week bes Br

a) heute in einer Woche,

b) heute vor einer Woche;

to this day bis auf den heutigen Tag;

to a day auf den Tag genau

d. abk

1. date

2. daughter

3. day

4. deceased

5. denarius, denarii pl, = penny, pence pl

6. PHYS density

7. died

8. US dime

* * *

noun

1) Tag, der

all day [long] — den ganzen Tag [lang]

take all day — (fig.) eine Ewigkeit brauchen

all day and every day — tagaus, tagein

to this day, from that day to this — bis zum heutigen Tag

for two days — zwei Tage [lang]

what's the day or what day is it today? — welcher Tag ist heute?

twice a day — zweimal täglich od. am Tag

in a day/two days — (within) in od. an einem Tag/in zwei Tagen

[on] the day after/before — am Tag danach/davor

[the] next/[on] the following/[on] the previous day — am nächsten/folgenden/vorhergehenden Tag

the day before yesterday/after tomorrow — vorgestern/übermorgen

the other day — neulich

from this/that day [on] — von heute an/von diesem Tag an

one of these [fine] days — eines [schönen] Tages

some day — eines Tages; irgendwann einmal

for the day — für einen Tag

day after day — Tag für Tag

day by day, from day to day — von Tag zu Tag

day in day out — tagaus, tagein

call it a day — (end work) Feierabend machen; (more generally) Schluss machen

at the end of the day — (fig.) letzten Endes

it's not my day — ich habe [heute] einen schlechten Tag

2) in sing. or pl. (period)

in the days when... — zu der Zeit, als...

these days — heutzutage

in those days — damals; zu jener Zeit

in this day and age — heutzutage

have seen/known better days — bessere Tage gesehen/gekannt haben

those were the days — das waren noch Zeiten

in one's day — zu seiner Zeit; (during lifetime) in seinem Leben

every dog has its day — jeder hat einmal seine Chance

it has had its day — es hat ausgedient (ugs.)

3) (victory)

win or carry the day — den Sieg davontragen

* * *

n.

Tag -e m.

English-german dictionary > day
8 Historical Portugal

   Before Romans described western Iberia or Hispania as "Lusitania," ancient Iberians inhabited the land. Phoenician and Greek trading settlements grew up in the Tagus estuary area and nearby coasts. Beginning around 202 BCE, Romans invaded what is today southern Portugal. With Rome's defeat of Carthage, Romans proceeded to conquer and rule the western region north of the Tagus, which they named Roman "Lusitania." In the fourth century CE, as Rome's rule weakened, the area experienced yet another invasion—Germanic tribes, principally the Suevi, who eventually were Christianized. During the sixth century CE, the Suevi kingdom was superseded by yet another Germanic tribe—the Christian Visigoths.

   A major turning point in Portugal's history came in 711, as Muslim armies from North Africa, consisting of both Arab and Berber elements, invaded the Iberian Peninsula from across the Straits of Gibraltar. They entered what is now Portugal in 714, and proceeded to conquer most of the country except for the far north. For the next half a millennium, Islam and Muslim presence in Portugal left a significant mark upon the politics, government, language, and culture of the country.

   Islam, Reconquest, and Portugal Created, 714-1140

   The long frontier struggle between Muslim invaders and Christian communities in the north of the Iberian peninsula was called the Reconquista (Reconquest). It was during this struggle that the first dynasty of Portuguese kings (Burgundian) emerged and the independent monarchy of Portugal was established. Christian forces moved south from what is now the extreme north of Portugal and gradually defeated Muslim forces, besieging and capturing towns under Muslim sway. In the ninth century, as Christian forces slowly made their way southward, Christian elements were dominant only in the area between Minho province and the Douro River; this region became known as "territorium Portu-calense."

   In the 11th century, the advance of the Reconquest quickened as local Christian armies were reinforced by crusading knights from what is now France and England. Christian forces took Montemor (1034), at the Mondego River; Lamego (1058); Viseu (1058); and Coimbra (1064). In 1095, the king of Castile and Léon granted the country of "Portu-cale," what became northern Portugal, to a Burgundian count who had emigrated from France. This was the foundation of Portugal. In 1139, a descendant of this count, Afonso Henriques, proclaimed himself "King of Portugal." He was Portugal's first monarch, the "Founder," and the first of the Burgundian dynasty, which ruled until 1385.

   The emergence of Portugal in the 12th century as a separate monarchy in Iberia occurred before the Christian Reconquest of the peninsula. In the 1140s, the pope in Rome recognized Afonso Henriques as king of Portugal. In 1147, after a long, bloody siege, Muslim-occupied Lisbon fell to Afonso Henriques's army. Lisbon was the greatest prize of the 500-year war. Assisting this effort were English crusaders on their way to the Holy Land; the first bishop of Lisbon was an Englishman. When the Portuguese captured Faro and Silves in the Algarve province in 1248-50, the Reconquest of the extreme western portion of the Iberian peninsula was complete—significantly, more than two centuries before the Spanish crown completed the Reconquest of the eastern portion by capturing Granada in 1492.

   Consolidation and Independence of Burgundian Portugal, 1140-1385

   Two main themes of Portugal's early existence as a monarchy are the consolidation of control over the realm and the defeat of a Castil-ian threat from the east to its independence. At the end of this period came the birth of a new royal dynasty (Aviz), which prepared to carry the Christian Reconquest beyond continental Portugal across the straits of Gibraltar to North Africa. There was a variety of motives behind these developments. Portugal's independent existence was imperiled by threats from neighboring Iberian kingdoms to the north and east. Politics were dominated not only by efforts against the Muslims in

   Portugal (until 1250) and in nearby southern Spain (until 1492), but also by internecine warfare among the kingdoms of Castile, Léon, Aragon, and Portugal. A final comeback of Muslim forces was defeated at the battle of Salado (1340) by allied Castilian and Portuguese forces. In the emerging Kingdom of Portugal, the monarch gradually gained power over and neutralized the nobility and the Church.

   The historic and commonplace Portuguese saying "From Spain, neither a good wind nor a good marriage" was literally played out in diplomacy and war in the late 14th-century struggles for mastery in the peninsula. Larger, more populous Castile was pitted against smaller Portugal. Castile's Juan I intended to force a union between Castile and Portugal during this era of confusion and conflict. In late 1383, Portugal's King Fernando, the last king of the Burgundian dynasty, suddenly died prematurely at age 38, and the Master of Aviz, Portugal's most powerful nobleman, took up the cause of independence and resistance against Castile's invasion. The Master of Aviz, who became King João I of Portugal, was able to obtain foreign assistance. With the aid of English archers, Joao's armies defeated the Castilians in the crucial battle of Aljubarrota, on 14 August 1385, a victory that assured the independence of the Portuguese monarchy from its Castilian nemesis for several centuries.

   Aviz Dynasty and Portugal's First Overseas Empire, 1385-1580

   The results of the victory at Aljubarrota, much celebrated in Portugal's art and monuments, and the rise of the Aviz dynasty also helped to establish a new merchant class in Lisbon and Oporto, Portugal's second city. This group supported King João I's program of carrying the Reconquest to North Africa, since it was interested in expanding Portugal's foreign commerce and tapping into Muslim trade routes and resources in Africa. With the Reconquest against the Muslims completed in Portugal and the threat from Castile thwarted for the moment, the Aviz dynasty launched an era of overseas conquest, exploration, and trade. These efforts dominated Portugal's 15th and 16th centuries.

   The overseas empire and age of Discoveries began with Portugal's bold conquest in 1415 of the Moroccan city of Ceuta. One royal member of the 1415 expedition was young, 21-year-old Prince Henry, later known in history as "Prince Henry the Navigator." His part in the capture of Ceuta won Henry his knighthood and began Portugal's "Marvelous Century," during which the small kingdom was counted as a European and world power of consequence. Henry was the son of King João I and his English queen, Philippa of Lancaster, but he did not inherit the throne. Instead, he spent most of his life and his fortune, and that of the wealthy military Order of Christ, on various imperial ventures and on voyages of exploration down the African coast and into the Atlantic. While mythology has surrounded Henry's controversial role in the Discoveries, and this role has been exaggerated, there is no doubt that he played a vital part in the initiation of Portugal's first overseas empire and in encouraging exploration. He was naturally curious, had a sense of mission for Portugal, and was a strong leader. He also had wealth to expend; at least a third of the African voyages of the time were under his sponsorship. If Prince Henry himself knew little science, significant scientific advances in navigation were made in his day.

   What were Portugal's motives for this new imperial effort? The well-worn historical cliche of "God, Glory, and Gold" can only partly explain the motivation of a small kingdom with few natural resources and barely 1 million people, which was greatly outnumbered by the other powers it confronted. Among Portuguese objectives were the desire to exploit known North African trade routes and resources (gold, wheat, leather, weaponry, and other goods that were scarce in Iberia); the need to outflank the Muslim world in the Mediterranean by sailing around Africa, attacking Muslims en route; and the wish to ally with Christian kingdoms beyond Africa. This enterprise also involved a strategy of breaking the Venetian spice monopoly by trading directly with the East by means of discovering and exploiting a sea route around Africa to Asia. Besides the commercial motives, Portugal nurtured a strong crusading sense of Christian mission, and various classes in the kingdom saw an opportunity for fame and gain.

   By the time of Prince Henry's death in 1460, Portugal had gained control of the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeiras, begun to colonize the Cape Verde Islands, failed to conquer the Canary Islands from Castile, captured various cities on Morocco's coast, and explored as far as Senegal, West Africa, down the African coast. By 1488, Bar-tolomeu Dias had rounded the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa and thereby discovered the way to the Indian Ocean.

   Portugal's largely coastal African empire and later its fragile Asian empire brought unexpected wealth but were purchased at a high price. Costs included wars of conquest and defense against rival powers, manning the far-flung navel and trade fleets and scattered castle-fortresses, and staffing its small but fierce armies, all of which entailed a loss of skills and population to maintain a scattered empire. Always short of capital, the monarchy became indebted to bankers. There were many defeats beginning in the 16th century at the hands of the larger imperial European monarchies (Spain, France, England, and Holland) and many attacks on Portugal and its strung-out empire. Typically, there was also the conflict that arose when a tenuously held world empire that rarely if ever paid its way demanded finance and manpower Portugal itself lacked.

   The first 80 years of the glorious imperial era, the golden age of Portugal's imperial power and world influence, was an African phase. During 1415-88, Portuguese navigators and explorers in small ships, some of them caravelas (caravels), explored the treacherous, disease-ridden coasts of Africa from Morocco to South Africa beyond the Cape of Good Hope. By the 1470s, the Portuguese had reached the Gulf of Guinea and, in the early 1480s, what is now Angola. Bartolomeu Dias's extraordinary voyage of 1487-88 to South Africa's coast and the edge of the Indian Ocean convinced Portugal that the best route to Asia's spices and Christians lay south, around the tip of southern Africa. Between 1488 and 1495, there was a hiatus caused in part by domestic conflict in Portugal, discussion of resources available for further conquests beyond Africa in Asia, and serious questions as to Portugal's capacity to reach beyond Africa. In 1495, King Manuel and his council decided to strike for Asia, whatever the consequences. In 1497-99, Vasco da Gama, under royal orders, made the epic two-year voyage that discovered the sea route to western India (Asia), outflanked Islam and Venice, and began Portugal's Asian empire. Within 50 years, Portugal had discovered and begun the exploitation of its largest colony, Brazil, and set up forts and trading posts from the Middle East (Aden and Ormuz), India (Calicut, Goa, etc.), Malacca, and Indonesia to Macau in China.

   By the 1550s, parts of its largely coastal, maritime trading post empire from Morocco to the Moluccas were under siege from various hostile forces, including Muslims, Christians, and Hindi. Although Moroccan forces expelled the Portuguese from the major coastal cities by 1550, the rival European monarchies of Castile (Spain), England, France, and later Holland began to seize portions of her undermanned, outgunned maritime empire.

   In 1580, Phillip II of Spain, whose mother was a Portuguese princess and who had a strong claim to the Portuguese throne, invaded Portugal, claimed the throne, and assumed control over the realm and, by extension, its African, Asian, and American empires. Phillip II filled the power vacuum that appeared in Portugal following the loss of most of Portugal's army and its young, headstrong King Sebastião in a disastrous war in Morocco. Sebastiao's death in battle (1578) and the lack of a natural heir to succeed him, as well as the weak leadership of the cardinal who briefly assumed control in Lisbon, led to a crisis that Spain's strong monarch exploited. As a result, Portugal lost its independence to Spain for a period of 60 years.

   Portugal under Spanish Rule, 1580-1640

   Despite the disastrous nature of Portugal's experience under Spanish rule, "The Babylonian Captivity" gave birth to modern Portuguese nationalism, its second overseas empire, and its modern alliance system with England. Although Spain allowed Portugal's weakened empire some autonomy, Spanish rule in Portugal became increasingly burdensome and unacceptable. Spain's ambitious imperial efforts in Europe and overseas had an impact on the Portuguese as Spain made greater and greater demands on its smaller neighbor for manpower and money. Portugal's culture underwent a controversial Castilianization, while its empire became hostage to Spain's fortunes. New rival powers England, France, and Holland attacked and took parts of Spain's empire and at the same time attacked Portugal's empire, as well as the mother country.

   Portugal's empire bore the consequences of being attacked by Spain's bitter enemies in what was a form of world war. Portuguese losses were heavy. By 1640, Portugal had lost most of its Moroccan cities as well as Ceylon, the Moluccas, and sections of India. With this, Portugal's Asian empire was gravely weakened. Only Goa, Damão, Diu, Bombay, Timor, and Macau remained and, in Brazil, Dutch forces occupied the northeast.

   On 1 December 1640, long commemorated as a national holiday, Portuguese rebels led by the duke of Braganza overthrew Spanish domination and took advantage of Spanish weakness following a more serious rebellion in Catalonia. Portugal regained independence from Spain, but at a price: dependence on foreign assistance to maintain its independence in the form of the renewal of the alliance with England.

   Restoration and Second Empire, 1640-1822

   Foreign affairs and empire dominated the restoration era and aftermath, and Portugal again briefly enjoyed greater European power and prestige. The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance was renewed and strengthened in treaties of 1642, 1654, and 1661, and Portugal's independence from Spain was underwritten by English pledges and armed assistance. In a Luso-Spanish treaty of 1668, Spain recognized Portugal's independence. Portugal's alliance with England was a marriage of convenience and necessity between two monarchies with important religious, cultural, and social differences. In return for legal, diplomatic, and trade privileges, as well as the use during war and peace of Portugal's great Lisbon harbor and colonial ports for England's navy, England pledged to protect Portugal and its scattered empire from any attack. The previously cited 17th-century alliance treaties were renewed later in the Treaty of Windsor, signed in London in 1899. On at least 10 different occasions after 1640, and during the next two centuries, England was central in helping prevent or repel foreign invasions of its ally, Portugal.

   Portugal's second empire (1640-1822) was largely Brazil-oriented. Portuguese colonization, exploitation of wealth, and emigration focused on Portuguese America, and imperial revenues came chiefly from Brazil. Between 1670 and 1740, Portugal's royalty and nobility grew wealthier on funds derived from Brazilian gold, diamonds, sugar, tobacco, and other crops, an enterprise supported by the Atlantic slave trade and the supply of African slave labor from West Africa and Angola. Visitors today can see where much of that wealth was invested: Portugal's rich legacy of monumental architecture. Meanwhile, the African slave trade took a toll in Angola and West Africa.

   In continental Portugal, absolutist monarchy dominated politics and government, and there was a struggle for position and power between the monarchy and other institutions, such as the Church and nobility. King José I's chief minister, usually known in history as the marquis of Pombal (ruled 1750-77), sharply suppressed the nobility and the

   Church (including the Inquisition, now a weak institution) and expelled the Jesuits. Pombal also made an effort to reduce economic dependence on England, Portugal's oldest ally. But his successes did not last much beyond his disputed time in office.

   Beginning in the late 18th century, the European-wide impact of the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon placed Portugal in a vulnerable position. With the monarchy ineffectively led by an insane queen (Maria I) and her indecisive regent son (João VI), Portugal again became the focus of foreign ambition and aggression. With England unable to provide decisive assistance in time, France—with Spain's consent—invaded Portugal in 1807. As Napoleon's army under General Junot entered Lisbon meeting no resistance, Portugal's royal family fled on a British fleet to Brazil, where it remained in exile until 1821. In the meantime, Portugal's overseas empire was again under threat. There was a power vacuum as the monarch was absent, foreign armies were present, and new political notions of liberalism and constitutional monarchy were exciting various groups of citizens.

   Again England came to the rescue, this time in the form of the armies of the duke of Wellington. Three successive French invasions of Portugal were defeated and expelled, and Wellington succeeded in carrying the war against Napoleon across the Portuguese frontier into Spain. The presence of the English army, the new French-born liberal ideas, and the political vacuum combined to create revolutionary conditions. The French invasions and the peninsular wars, where Portuguese armed forces played a key role, marked the beginning of a new era in politics.

   Liberalism and Constitutional Monarchy, 1822-1910

   During 1807-22, foreign invasions, war, and civil strife over conflicting political ideas gravely damaged Portugal's commerce, economy, and novice industry. The next terrible blow was the loss of Brazil in 1822, the jewel in the imperial crown. Portugal's very independence seemed to be at risk. In vain, Portugal sought to resist Brazilian independence by force, but in 1825 it formally acknowledged Brazilian independence by treaty.

   Portugal's slow recovery from the destructive French invasions and the "war of independence" was complicated by civil strife over the form of constitutional monarchy that best suited Portugal. After struggles over these issues between 1820 and 1834, Portugal settled somewhat uncertainly into a moderate constitutional monarchy whose constitution (Charter of 1826) lent it strong political powers to exert a moderating influence between the executive and legislative branches of the government. It also featured a new upper middle class based on land ownership and commerce; a Catholic Church that, although still important, lived with reduced privileges and property; a largely African (third) empire to which Lisbon and Oporto devoted increasing spiritual and material resources, starting with the liberal imperial plans of 1836 and 1851, and continuing with the work of institutions like the Lisbon Society of Geography (established 1875); and a mass of rural peasants whose bonds to the land weakened after 1850 and who began to immigrate in increasing numbers to Brazil and North America.

   Chronic military intervention in national politics began in 19th-century Portugal. Such intervention, usually commencing with coups or pronunciamentos (military revolts), was a shortcut to the spoils of political office and could reflect popular discontent as well as the power of personalities. An early example of this was the 1817 golpe (coup) attempt of General Gomes Freire against British military rule in Portugal before the return of King João VI from Brazil. Except for a more stable period from 1851 to 1880, military intervention in politics, or the threat thereof, became a feature of the constitutional monarchy's political life, and it continued into the First Republic and the subsequent Estado Novo.

   Beginning with the Regeneration period (1851-80), Portugal experienced greater political stability and economic progress. Military intervention in politics virtually ceased; industrialization and construction of railroads, roads, and bridges proceeded; two political parties (Regenerators and Historicals) worked out a system of rotation in power; and leading intellectuals sparked a cultural revival in several fields. In 19th-century literature, there was a new golden age led by such figures as Alexandre Herculano (historian), Eça de Queirós (novelist), Almeida Garrett (playwright and essayist), Antero de Quental (poet), and Joaquim Oliveira Martins (historian and social scientist). In its third overseas empire, Portugal attempted to replace the slave trade and slavery with legitimate economic activities; to reform the administration; and to expand Portuguese holdings beyond coastal footholds deep into the African hinterlands in West, West Central, and East Africa. After 1841, to some extent, and especially after 1870, colonial affairs, combined with intense nationalism, pressures for economic profit in Africa, sentiment for national revival, and the drift of European affairs would make or break Lisbon governments.

   Beginning with the political crisis that arose out of the "English Ultimatum" affair of January 1890, the monarchy became discredtted and identified with the poorly functioning government, political parties splintered, and republicanism found more supporters. Portugal participated in the "Scramble for Africa," expanding its African holdings, but failed to annex territory connecting Angola and Mozambique. A growing foreign debt and state bankruptcy as of the early 1890s damaged the constitutional monarchy's reputation, despite the efforts of King Carlos in diplomacy, the renewal of the alliance in the Windsor Treaty of 1899, and the successful if bloody colonial wars in the empire (1880-97). Republicanism proclaimed that Portugal's weak economy and poor society were due to two historic institutions: the monarchy and the Catholic Church. A republic, its stalwarts claimed, would bring greater individual liberty; efficient, if more decentralized government; and a stronger colonial program while stripping the Church of its role in both society and education.

   As the monarchy lost support and republicans became more aggressive, violence increased in politics. King Carlos I and his heir Luís were murdered in Lisbon by anarchist-republicans on 1 February 1908. Following a military and civil insurrection and fighting between monarchist and republican forces, on 5 October 1910, King Manuel II fled Portugal and a republic was proclaimed.

   First Parliamentary Republic, 1910-26

   Portugal's first attempt at republican government was the most unstable, turbulent parliamentary republic in the history of 20th-century Western Europe. During a little under 16 years of the republic, there were 45 governments, a number of legislatures that did not complete normal terms, military coups, and only one president who completed his four-year term in office. Portuguese society was poorly prepared for this political experiment. Among the deadly legacies of the monarchy were a huge public debt; a largely rural, apolitical, and illiterate peasant population; conflict over the causes of the country's misfortunes; and lack of experience with a pluralist, democratic system.

   The republic had some talented leadership but lacked popular, institutional, and economic support. The 1911 republican constitution established only a limited democracy, as only a small portion of the adult male citizenry was eligible to vote. In a country where the majority was Catholic, the republic passed harshly anticlerical laws, and its institutions and supporters persecuted both the Church and its adherents. During its brief disjointed life, the First Republic drafted important reform plans in economic, social, and educational affairs; actively promoted development in the empire; and pursued a liberal, generous foreign policy. Following British requests for Portugal's assistance in World War I, Portugal entered the war on the Allied side in March 1916 and sent armies to Flanders and Portuguese Africa. Portugal's intervention in that conflict, however, was too costly in many respects, and the ultimate failure of the republic in part may be ascribed to Portugal's World War I activities.

   Unfortunately for the republic, its time coincided with new threats to Portugal's African possessions: World War I, social and political demands from various classes that could not be reconciled, excessive military intervention in politics, and, in particular, the worst economic and financial crisis Portugal had experienced since the 16th and 17th centuries. After the original Portuguese Republican Party (PRP, also known as the "Democrats") splintered into three warring groups in 1912, no true multiparty system emerged. The Democrats, except for only one or two elections, held an iron monopoly of electoral power, and political corruption became a major issue. As extreme right-wing dictatorships elsewhere in Europe began to take power in Italy (1922), neighboring Spain (1923), and Greece (1925), what scant popular support remained for the republic collapsed. Backed by a right-wing coalition of landowners from Alentejo, clergy, Coimbra University faculty and students, Catholic organizations, and big business, career military officers led by General Gomes da Costa executed a coup on 28 May 1926, turned out the last republican government, and established a military government.

   The Estado Novo (New State), 1926-74

   During the military phase (1926-32) of the Estado Novo, professional military officers, largely from the army, governed and administered Portugal and held key cabinet posts, but soon discovered that the military possessed no magic formula that could readily solve the problems inherited from the First Republic. Especially during the years 1926-31, the military dictatorship, even with its political repression of republican activities and institutions (military censorship of the press, political police action, and closure of the republic's rowdy parliament), was characterized by similar weaknesses: personalism and factionalism; military coups and political instability, including civil strife and loss of life; state debt and bankruptcy; and a weak economy. "Barracks parliamentarism" was not an acceptable alternative even to the "Nightmare Republic."

   Led by General Óscar Carmona, who had replaced and sent into exile General Gomes da Costa, the military dictatorship turned to a civilian expert in finance and economics to break the budget impasse and bring coherence to the disorganized system. Appointed minister of finance on 27 April 1928, the Coimbra University Law School professor of economics Antônio de Oliveira Salazar (1889-1970) first reformed finance, helped balance the budget, and then turned to other concerns as he garnered extraordinary governing powers. In 1930, he was appointed interim head of another key ministry (Colonies) and within a few years had become, in effect, a civilian dictator who, with the military hierarchy's support, provided the government with coherence, a program, and a set of policies.

   For nearly 40 years after he was appointed the first civilian prime minister in 1932, Salazar's personality dominated the government. Unlike extreme right-wing dictators elsewhere in Europe, Salazar was directly appointed by the army but was never endorsed by a popular political party, street militia, or voter base. The scholarly, reclusive former Coimbra University professor built up what became known after 1932 as the Estado Novo ("New State"), which at the time of its overthrow by another military coup in 1974, was the longest surviving authoritarian regime in Western Europe. The system of Salazar and the largely academic and technocratic ruling group he gathered in his cabinets was based on the central bureaucracy of the state, which was supported by the president of the republic—always a senior career military officer, General Óscar Carmona (1928-51), General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58), and Admiral Américo Tómaz (1958-74)—and the complicity of various institutions. These included a rubber-stamp legislature called the National Assembly (1935-74) and a political police known under various names: PVDE (1932-45), PIDE (1945-69),

   and DGS (1969-74). Other defenders of the Estado Novo security were paramilitary organizations such as the National Republican Guard (GNR); the Portuguese Legion (PL); and the Portuguese Youth [Movement]. In addition to censorship of the media, theater, and books, there was political repression and a deliberate policy of depoliticization. All political parties except for the approved movement of regime loyalists, the União Nacional or (National Union), were banned.

   The most vigorous and more popular period of the New State was 1932-44, when the basic structures were established. Never monolithic or entirely the work of one person (Salazar), the New State was constructed with the assistance of several dozen top associates who were mainly academics from law schools, some technocrats with specialized skills, and a handful of trusted career military officers. The 1933 Constitution declared Portugal to be a "unitary, corporative Republic," and pressures to restore the monarchy were resisted. Although some of the regime's followers were fascists and pseudofascists, many more were conservative Catholics, integralists, nationalists, and monarchists of different varieties, and even some reactionary republicans. If the New State was authoritarian, it was not totalitarian and, unlike fascism in Benito Mussolini's Italy or Adolf Hitler's Germany, it usually employed the minimum of violence necessary to defeat what remained a largely fractious, incoherent opposition.

   With the tumultuous Second Republic and the subsequent civil war in nearby Spain, the regime felt threatened and reinforced its defenses. During what Salazar rightly perceived as a time of foreign policy crisis for Portugal (1936-45), he assumed control of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. From there, he pursued four basic foreign policy objectives: supporting the Nationalist rebels of General Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War (1936-39) and concluding defense treaties with a triumphant Franco; ensuring that General Franco in an exhausted Spain did not enter World War II on the Axis side; maintaining Portuguese neutrality in World War II with a post-1942 tilt toward the Allies, including granting Britain and the United States use of bases in the Azores Islands; and preserving and protecting Portugal's Atlantic Islands and its extensive, if poor, overseas empire in Africa and Asia.

   During the middle years of the New State (1944-58), many key Salazar associates in government either died or resigned, and there was greater social unrest in the form of unprecedented strikes and clandestine Communist activities, intensified opposition, and new threatening international pressures on Portugal's overseas empire. During the earlier phase of the Cold War (1947-60), Portugal became a steadfast, if weak, member of the US-dominated North Atlantic Treaty Organization alliance and, in 1955, with American support, Portugal joined the United Nations (UN). Colonial affairs remained a central concern of the regime. As of 1939, Portugal was the third largest colonial power in the world and possessed territories in tropical Africa (Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, and São Tomé and Príncipe Islands) and the remnants of its 16th-century empire in Asia (Goa, Damão, Diu, East Timor, and Macau). Beginning in the early 1950s, following the independence of India in 1947, Portugal resisted Indian pressures to decolonize Portuguese India and used police forces to discourage internal opposition in its Asian and African colonies.

   The later years of the New State (1958-68) witnessed the aging of the increasingly isolated but feared Salazar and new threats both at home and overseas. Although the regime easily overcame the brief oppositionist threat from rival presidential candidate General Humberto Delgado in the spring of 1958, new developments in the African and Asian empires imperiled the authoritarian system. In February 1961, oppositionists hijacked the Portuguese ocean liner Santa Maria and, in following weeks, African insurgents in northern Angola, although they failed to expel the Portuguese, gained worldwide media attention, discredited the New State, and began the 13-year colonial war. After thwarting a dissident military coup against his continued leadership, Salazar and his ruling group mobilized military repression in Angola and attempted to develop the African colonies at a faster pace in order to ensure Portuguese control. Meanwhile, the other European colonial powers (Britain, France, Belgium, and Spain) rapidly granted political independence to their African territories.

   At the time of Salazar's removal from power in September 1968, following a stroke, Portugal's efforts to maintain control over its colonies appeared to be successful. President Americo Tomás appointed Dr. Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor as prime minister. While maintaining the New State's basic structures, and continuing the regime's essential colonial policy, Caetano attempted wider reforms in colonial administration and some devolution of power from Lisbon, as well as more freedom of expression in Lisbon. Still, a great deal of the budget was devoted to supporting the wars against the insurgencies in Africa. Meanwhile in Asia, Portuguese India had fallen when the Indian army invaded in December 1961. The loss of Goa was a psychological blow to the leadership of the New State, and of the Asian empire only East Timor and Macau remained.

   The Caetano years (1968-74) were but a hiatus between the waning Salazar era and a new regime. There was greater political freedom and rapid economic growth (5-6 percent annually to late 1973), but Caetano's government was unable to reform the old system thoroughly and refused to consider new methods either at home or in the empire. In the end, regime change came from junior officers of the professional military who organized the Armed Forces Movement (MFA) against the Caetano government. It was this group of several hundred officers, mainly in the army and navy, which engineered a largely bloodless coup in Lisbon on 25 April 1974. Their unexpected action brought down the 48-year-old New State and made possible the eventual establishment and consolidation of democratic governance in Portugal, as well as a reorientation of the country away from the Atlantic toward Europe.

   Revolution of Carnations, 1974-76

   Following successful military operations of the Armed Forces Movement against the Caetano government, Portugal experienced what became known as the "Revolution of Carnations." It so happened that during the rainy week of the military golpe, Lisbon flower shops were featuring carnations, and the revolutionaries and their supporters adopted the red carnation as the common symbol of the event, as well as of the new freedom from dictatorship. The MFA, whose leaders at first were mostly little-known majors and captains, proclaimed a three-fold program of change for the new Portugal: democracy; decolonization of the overseas empire, after ending the colonial wars; and developing a backward economy in the spirit of opportunity and equality. During the first 24 months after the coup, there was civil strife, some anarchy, and a power struggle. With the passing of the Estado Novo, public euphoria burst forth as the new provisional military government proclaimed the freedoms of speech, press, and assembly, and abolished censorship, the political police, the Portuguese Legion, Portuguese Youth, and other New State organizations, including the National Union. Scores of political parties were born and joined the senior political party, the Portuguese Community Party (PCP), and the Socialist Party (PS), founded shortly before the coup.

   Portugal's Revolution of Carnations went through several phases. There was an attempt to take control by radical leftists, including the PCP and its allies. This was thwarted by moderate officers in the army, as well as by the efforts of two political parties: the PS and the Social Democrats (PPD, later PSD). The first phase was from April to September 1974. Provisional president General Antonio Spínola, whose 1974 book Portugal and the Future had helped prepare public opinion for the coup, met irresistible leftist pressures. After Spinola's efforts to avoid rapid decolonization of the African empire failed, he resigned in September 1974. During the second phase, from September 1974 to March 1975, radical military officers gained control, but a coup attempt by General Spínola and his supporters in Lisbon in March 1975 failed and Spínola fled to Spain.

   In the third phase of the Revolution, March-November 1975, a strong leftist reaction followed. Farm workers occupied and "nationalized" 1.1 million hectares of farmland in the Alentejo province, and radical military officers in the provisional government ordered the nationalization of Portuguese banks (foreign banks were exempted), utilities, and major industries, or about 60 percent of the economic system. There were power struggles among various political parties — a total of 50 emerged—and in the streets there was civil strife among labor, military, and law enforcement groups. A constituent assembly, elected on 25 April 1975, in Portugal's first free elections since 1926, drafted a democratic constitution. The Council of the Revolution (CR), briefly a revolutionary military watchdog committee, was entrenched as part of the government under the constitution, until a later revision. During the chaotic year of 1975, about 30 persons were killed in political frays while unstable provisional governments came and went. On 25 November 1975, moderate military forces led by Colonel Ramalho Eanes, who later was twice elected president of the republic (1976 and 1981), defeated radical, leftist military groups' revolutionary conspiracies.

   In the meantime, Portugal's scattered overseas empire experienced a precipitous and unprepared decolonization. One by one, the former colonies were granted and accepted independence—Guinea-Bissau (September 1974), Cape Verde Islands (July 1975), and Mozambique (July 1975). Portugal offered to turn over Macau to the People's Republic of China, but the offer was refused then and later negotiations led to the establishment of a formal decolonization or hand-over date of 1999. But in two former colonies, the process of decolonization had tragic results.

   In Angola, decolonization negotiations were greatly complicated by the fact that there were three rival nationalist movements in a struggle for power. The January 1975 Alvor Agreement signed by Portugal and these three parties was not effectively implemented. A bloody civil war broke out in Angola in the spring of 1975 and, when Portuguese armed forces withdrew and declared that Angola was independent on 11 November 1975, the bloodshed only increased. Meanwhile, most of the white Portuguese settlers from Angola and Mozambique fled during the course of 1975. Together with African refugees, more than 600,000 of these retornados ("returned ones") went by ship and air to Portugal and thousands more to Namibia, South Africa, Brazil, Canada, and the United States.

   The second major decolonization disaster was in Portugal's colony of East Timor in the Indonesian archipelago. Portugal's capacity to supervise and control a peaceful transition to independence in this isolated, neglected colony was limited by the strength of giant Indonesia, distance from Lisbon, and Portugal's revolutionary disorder and inability to defend Timor. In early December 1975, before Portugal granted formal independence and as one party, FRETILIN, unilaterally declared East Timor's independence, Indonesia's armed forces invaded, conquered, and annexed East Timor. Indonesian occupation encountered East Timorese resistance, and a heavy loss of life followed. The East Timor question remained a contentious international issue in the UN, as well as in Lisbon and Jakarta, for more than 20 years following Indonesia's invasion and annexation of the former colony of Portugal. Major changes occurred, beginning in 1998, after Indonesia underwent a political revolution and allowed a referendum in East Timor to decide that territory's political future in August 1999. Most East Timorese chose independence, but Indonesian forces resisted that verdict until

   UN intervention in September 1999. Following UN rule for several years, East Timor attained full independence on 20 May 2002.

   Consolidation of Democracy, 1976-2000

   After several free elections and record voter turnouts between 25 April 1975 and June 1976, civil war was averted and Portugal's second democratic republic began to stabilize. The MFA was dissolved, the military were returned to the barracks, and increasingly elected civilians took over the government of the country. The 1976 Constitution was revised several times beginning in 1982 and 1989, in order to reempha-size the principle of free enterprise in the economy while much of the large, nationalized sector was privatized. In June 1976, General Ram-alho Eanes was elected the first constitutional president of the republic (five-year term), and he appointed socialist leader Dr. Mário Soares as prime minister of the first constitutional government.

   From 1976 to 1985, Portugal's new system featured a weak economy and finances, labor unrest, and administrative and political instability. The difficult consolidation of democratic governance was eased in part by the strong currency and gold reserves inherited from the Estado Novo, but Lisbon seemed unable to cope with high unemployment, new debt, the complex impact of the refugees from Africa, world recession, and the agitation of political parties. Four major parties emerged from the maelstrom of 1974-75, except for the Communist Party, all newly founded. They were, from left to right, the Communists (PCP); the Socialists (PS), who managed to dominate governments and the legislature but not win a majority in the Assembly of the Republic; the Social Democrats (PSD); and the Christian Democrats (CDS). During this period, the annual growth rate was low (l-2 percent), and the nationalized sector of the economy stagnated.

   Enhanced economic growth, greater political stability, and more effective central government as of 1985, and especially 1987, were due to several developments. In 1977, Portugal applied for membership in the European Economic Community (EEC), now the European Union (EU) since 1993. In January 1986, with Spain, Portugal was granted membership, and economic and financial progress in the intervening years has been significantly influenced by the comparatively large investment, loans, technology, advice, and other assistance from the EEC. Low unemployment, high annual growth rates (5 percent), and moderate inflation have also been induced by the new political and administrative stability in Lisbon. Led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva, an economist who was trained abroad, the PSD's strong organization, management, and electoral support since 1985 have assisted in encouraging economic recovery and development. In 1985, the PSD turned the PS out of office and won the general election, although they did not have an absolute majority of assembly seats. In 1986, Mário Soares was elected president of the republic, the first civilian to hold that office since the First Republic. In the elections of 1987 and 1991, however, the PSD was returned to power with clear majorities of over 50 percent of the vote.

   Although the PSD received 50.4 percent of the vote in the 1991 parliamentary elections and held a 42-seat majority in the Assembly of the Republic, the party began to lose public support following media revelations regarding corruption and complaints about Prime Minister Cavaco Silva's perceived arrogant leadership style. President Mário Soares voiced criticism of the PSD's seemingly untouchable majority and described a "tyranny of the majority." Economic growth slowed down. In the parliamentary elections of 1995 and the presidential election of 1996, the PSD's dominance ended for the time being. Prime Minister Antônio Guterres came to office when the PS won the October 1995 elections, and in the subsequent presidential contest, in January 1996, socialist Jorge Sampaio, the former mayor of Lisbon, was elected president of the republic, thus defeating Cavaco Silva's bid. Young and popular, Guterres moved the PS toward the center of the political spectrum. Under Guterres, the PS won the October 1999 parliamentary elections. The PS defeated the PSD but did not manage to win a clear, working majority of seats, and this made the PS dependent upon alliances with smaller parties, including the PCP.

   In the local elections in December 2001, the PSD's criticism of PS's heavy public spending allowed the PSD to take control of the key cities of Lisbon, Oporto, and Coimbra. Guterres resigned, and parliamentary elections were brought forward from 2004 to March 2002. The PSD won a narrow victory with 40 percent of the votes, and Jose Durão Barroso became prime minister. Having failed to win a majority of the seats in parliament forced the PSD to govern in coalition with the right-wing Popular Party (PP) led by Paulo Portas. Durão Barroso set about reducing government spending by cutting the budgets of local authorities, freezing civil service hiring, and reviving the economy by accelerating privatization of state-owned enterprises. These measures provoked a 24-hour strike by public-sector workers. Durão Barroso reacted with vows to press ahead with budget-cutting measures and imposed a wage freeze on all employees earning more than €1,000, which affected more than one-half of Portugal's work force.

   In June 2004, Durão Barroso was invited by Romano Prodi to succeed him as president of the European Commission. Durão Barroso accepted and resigned the prime ministership in July. Pedro Santana Lopes, the leader of the PSD, became prime minister. Already unpopular at the time of Durão Barroso's resignation, the PSD-led government became increasingly unpopular under Santana Lopes. A month-long delay in the start of the school year and confusion over his plan to cut taxes and raise public-sector salaries, eroded confidence even more. By November, Santana Lopes's government was so unpopular that President Jorge Sampaio was obliged to dissolve parliament and hold new elections, two years ahead of schedule.

   Parliamentary elections were held on 20 February 2005. The PS, which had promised the electorate disciplined and transparent governance, educational reform, the alleviation of poverty, and a boost in employment, won 45 percent of the vote and the majority of the seats in parliament. The leader of the PS, José Sôcrates became prime minister on 12 March 2005. In the regularly scheduled presidential elections held on 6 January 2006, the former leader of the PSD and prime minister, Aníbal Cavaco Silva, won a narrow victory and became president on 9 March 2006. With a mass protest, public teachers' strike, and street demonstrations in March 2008, Portugal's media, educational, and social systems experienced more severe pressures. With the spreading global recession beginning in September 2008, Portugal's economic and financial systems became more troubled.

    Contemporary Portugal

   Owing to its geographic location on the southwestern most edge of continental Europe, Portugal has been historically in but not of Europe. Almost from the beginning of its existence in the 12th century as an independent monarchy, Portugal turned its back on Europe and oriented itself toward the Atlantic Ocean. After carving out a Christian kingdom on the western portion of the Iberian peninsula, Portuguese kings gradually built and maintained a vast seaborne global empire that became central to the way Portugal understood its individuality as a nation-state. While the creation of this empire allows Portugal to claim an unusual number of "firsts" or distinctions in world and Western history, it also retarded Portugal's economic, social, and political development. It can be reasonably argued that the Revolution of 25 April 1974 was the most decisive event in Portugal's long history because it finally ended Portugal's oceanic mission and view of itself as an imperial power. After the 1974 Revolution, Portugal turned away from its global mission and vigorously reoriented itself toward Europe. Contemporary Portugal is now both in and of Europe.

   The turn toward Europe began immediately after 25 April 1974. Portugal granted independence to its African colonies in 1975. It was admitted to the European Council and took the first steps toward accession to the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1976. On 28 March 1977, the Portuguese government officially applied for EEC membership. Because of Portugal's economic and social backwardness, which would require vast sums of EEC money to overcome, negotiations for membership were long and difficult. Finally, a treaty of accession was signed on 12 June 1985. Portugal officially joined the EEC (the European Union [EU] since 1993) on 1 January 1986. Since becoming a full-fledged member of the EU, Portugal has been steadily overcoming the economic and social underdevelopment caused by its imperial past and is becoming more like the rest of Europe.

   Membership in the EU has speeded up the structural transformation of Portugal's economy, which actually began during the Estado Novo. Investments made by the Estado Novo in Portugal's economy began to shift employment out of the agricultural sector, which, in 1950, accounted for 50 percent of Portugal's economically active population. Today, only 10 percent of the economically active population is employed in the agricultural sector (the highest among EU member states); 30 percent in the industrial sector (also the highest among EU member states); and 60 percent in the service sector (the lowest among EU member states). The economically active population numbers about 5,000,000 employed, 56 percent of whom are women. Women workers are the majority of the workforce in the agricultural and service sectors (the highest among the EU member states). The expansion of the service sector has been primarily in health care and education. Portugal has had the lowest unemployment rates among EU member states, with the overall rate never being more than 10 percent of the active population. Since joining the EU, the number of employers increased from 2.6 percent to 5.8 percent of the active population; self-employed from 16 to 19 percent; and employees from 65 to 70 percent. Twenty-six percent of the employers are women. Unemployment tends to hit younger workers in industry and transportation, women employed in domestic service, workers on short-term contracts, and poorly educated workers. Salaried workers earn only 63 percent of the EU average, and hourly workers only one-third to one-half of that earned by their EU counterparts. Despite having had the second highest growth of gross national product (GNP) per inhabitant (after Ireland) among EU member states, the above data suggest that while much has been accomplished in terms of modernizing the Portuguese economy, much remains to be done to bring Portugal's economy up to the level of the "average" EU member state.

   Membership in the EU has also speeded up changes in Portuguese society. Over the last 30 years, coastalization and urbanization have intensified. Fully 50 percent of Portuguese live in the coastal urban conurbations of Lisbon, Oporto, Braga, Aveiro, Coimbra, Viseu, Évora, and Faro. The Portuguese population is one of the oldest among EU member states (17.3 percent are 65 years of age or older) thanks to a considerable increase in life expectancy at birth (77.87 years for the total population, 74.6 years for men, 81.36 years for women) and one of the lowest birthrates (10.59 births/1,000) in Europe. Family size averages 2.8 persons per household, with the strict nuclear family (one or two generations) in which both parents work being typical. Common law marriages, cohabitating couples, and single-parent households are more and more common. The divorce rate has also increased. "Youth Culture" has developed. The young have their own meeting places, leisure-time activities, and nightlife (bars, clubs, and discos).

   All Portuguese citizens, whether they have contributed or not, have a right to an old-age pension, invalidity benefits, widowed persons' pension, as well as payments for disabilities, children, unemployment, and large families. There is a national minimum wage (€385 per month), which is low by EU standards. The rapid aging of Portugal's population has changed the ratio of contributors to pensioners to 1.7, the lowest in the EU. This has created deficits in Portugal's social security fund.

   The adult literacy rate is about 92 percent. Illiteracy is still found among the elderly. Although universal compulsory education up to grade 9 was achieved in 1980, only 21.2 percent of the population aged 25-64 had undergone secondary education, compared to an EU average of 65.7 percent. Portugal's higher education system currently consists of 14 state universities and 14 private universities, 15 state polytechnic institutions, one Catholic university, and one military academy. All in all, Portugal spends a greater percentage of its state budget on education than most EU member states. Despite this high level of expenditure, the troubled Portuguese education system does not perform well. Early leaving and repetition rates are among the highest among EU member states.

   After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, Portugal created a National Health Service, which today consists of 221 hospitals and 512 medical centers employing 33,751 doctors and 41,799 nurses. Like its education system, Portugal's medical system is inefficient. There are long waiting lists for appointments with specialists and for surgical procedures.

   Structural changes in Portugal's economy and society mean that social life in Portugal is not too different from that in other EU member states. A mass consumption society has been created. Televisions, telephones, refrigerators, cars, music equipment, mobile phones, and personal computers are commonplace. Sixty percent of Portuguese households possess at least one automobile, and 65 percent of Portuguese own their own home. Portuguese citizens are more aware of their legal rights than ever before. This has resulted in a trebling of the number of legal proceeding since 1960 and an eight-fold increase in the number of lawyers. In general, Portuguese society has become more permissive and secular; the Catholic Church and the armed forces are much less influential than in the past. Portugal's population is also much more culturally, religiously, and ethnically diverse, a consequence of the coming to Portugal of hundreds of thousands of immigrants, mainly from former African colonies.

   Portuguese are becoming more cosmopolitan and sophisticated through the impact of world media, the Internet, and the World Wide Web. A prime case in point came in the summer and early fall of 1999, with the extraordinary events in East Timor and the massive Portuguese popular responses. An internationally monitored referendum in East Timor, Portugal's former colony in the Indonesian archipelago and under Indonesian occupation from late 1975 to summer 1999, resulted in a vote of 78.5 percent for rejecting integration with Indonesia and for independence. When Indonesian prointegration gangs, aided by the Indonesian military, responded to the referendum with widespread brutality and threatened to reverse the verdict of the referendum, there was a spontaneous popular outpouring of protest in the cities and towns of Portugal. An avalanche of Portuguese e-mail fell on leaders and groups in the UN and in certain countries around the world as Portugal's diplomats, perhaps to compensate for the weak initial response to Indonesian armed aggression in 1975, called for the protection of East Timor as an independent state and for UN intervention to thwart Indonesian action. Using global communications networks, the Portuguese were able to mobilize UN and world public opinion against Indonesian actions and aided the eventual independence of East Timor on 20 May 2002.

   From the Revolution of 25 April 1974 until the 1990s, Portugal had a large number of political parties, one of the largest Communist parties in western Europe, frequent elections, and endemic cabinet instability. Since the 1990s, the number of political parties has been dramatically reduced and cabinet stability increased. Gradually, the Portuguese electorate has concentrated around two larger parties, the right-of-center Social Democrats (PSD) and the left-of-center Socialist (PS). In the 1980s, these two parties together garnered 65 percent of the vote and 70 percent of the seats in parliament. In 2005, these percentages had risen to 74 percent and 85 percent, respectively. In effect, Portugal is currently a two-party dominant system in which the two largest parties — PS and PSD—alternate in and out of power, not unlike the rotation of the two main political parties (the Regenerators and the Historicals) during the last decades (1850s to 1880s) of the liberal constitutional monarchy. As Portugal's democracy has consolidated, turnout rates for the eligible electorate have declined. In the 1970s, turnout was 85 percent. In Portugal's most recent parliamentary election (2005), turnout had fallen to 65 percent of the eligible electorate.

   Portugal has benefited greatly from membership in the EU, and whatever doubts remain about the price paid for membership, no Portuguese government in the near future can afford to sever this connection. The vast majority of Portuguese citizens see membership in the EU as a "good thing" and strongly believe that Portugal has benefited from membership. Only the Communist Party opposed membership because it reduces national sovereignty, serves the interests of capitalists not workers, and suffers from a democratic deficit. Despite the high level of support for the EU, Portuguese voters are increasingly not voting in elections for the European Parliament, however. Turnout for European Parliament elections fell from 40 percent of the eligible electorate in the 1999 elections to 38 percent in the 2004 elections.

   In sum, Portugal's turn toward Europe has done much to overcome its backwardness. However, despite the economic, social, and political progress made since 1986, Portugal has a long way to go before it can claim to be on a par with the level found even in Spain, much less the rest of western Europe. As Portugal struggles to move from underde-velopment, especially in the rural areas away from the coast, it must keep in mind the perils of too rapid modern development, which could damage two of its most precious assets: its scenery and environment. The growth and future prosperity of the economy will depend on the degree to which the government and the private sector will remain stewards of clean air, soil, water, and other finite resources on which the tourism industry depends and on which Portugal's world image as a unique place to visit rests. Currently, Portugal is investing heavily in renewable energy from solar, wind, and wave power in order to account for about 50 percent of its electricity needs by 2010. Portugal opened the world's largest solar power plant and the world's first commercial wave power farm in 2006.

   An American documentary film on Portugal produced in the 1970s described this little country as having "a Past in Search of a Future." In the years after the Revolution of 25 April 1974, it could be said that Portugal is now living in "a Present in Search of a Future." Increasingly, that future lies in Europe as an active and productive member of the EU.

Historical dictionary of Portugal > Historical Portugal
9 moño

adj.

1 pretty, dainty, cute, ducky.

2 blond.

m.

1 monkey, ape.

2 overall, coveralls, dungarees.

* * *

mono

► adjetivo

1 (bonito) nice, lovely, cute

■ ¡qué vestido más mono! what a lovely dress!

■ su novia es muy mona his girlfriend's really cute

► nombre masculino,nombre femenino

1 ZOOLOGÍA monkey

2 familiar peyorativo (joven) little brat

► nombre masculino mono

1 peyorativo (persona fea) ugly devil

2 (prenda - de trabajo) overalls plural; (- de calle) jump suit, dungarees plural; (- de niños) rompers plural

3 argot (síndrome de abstinencia - drogas) cold turkey; (- tabaco, alcohol) withdrawal symptoms

■ lleva tres días sin fumar y está con el mono he hasn't smoked for three days and he's suffering from withdrawal symptoms

■ tengo mono de cine I've got a craving to go to the cinema

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

ser el último mono familiar to be a nobody

¡tengo monos en la cara, o qué! familiar do you want a photo?

mono de imitación copycat

————————

mono

► nombre masculino

1 peyorativo (persona fea) ugly devil

2 (prenda - de trabajo) overalls plural; (- de calle) jump suit, dungarees plural; (- de niños) rompers plural

3 argot (síndrome de abstinencia - drogas) cold turkey; (- tabaco, alcohol) withdrawal symptoms

■ lleva tres días sin fumar y está con el mono he hasn't smoked for three days and he's suffering from withdrawal symptoms

■ tengo mono de cine I've got a craving to go to the cinema

* * *
1. (f. - mona)
adj.

pretty, funny
2. (f. - mona)
noun

monkey

* * *
I
SM

1) (Zool) monkey

¡mono! — [a niño] you little monkey!

mono araña — spider monkey

mono aullador — howler monkey

2) ** [de drogadicto] withdrawal symptoms pl, cold turkey *

estar con el mono — to be suffering withdrawal symptoms, have gone cold turkey *

tener mono de fama — to crave fame

3) (=traje de faena) overalls pl, boiler suit; [de calle] jumpsuit; [con peto] dungarees pl

mono de aviador — flying suit

mono de esquí — ski suit

mono de vuelo — flying suit

4) * (=hombre feo) ugly devil

5) (=figura) cartoon or caricature figure
pl monos Cono Sur doodles
monos animados — Cono Sur cartoons

6) (Naipes) joker

7) ** [policía] cop *

8) * (=seña) sign ( between lovers)

hacerse monos — to make eyes at each other

9) Caribe * (=deuda) debt

10)

tener monos en la cara —

no me mirarían más ni que tuviera monos en la cara — they couldn't have stared at me more if I had come from the moon

- estar de monos

- meter los monos a algn

- ser un mono de repetición

- ser el último mono

mono de imitación — copycat *
II
ADJ

1) (=bonito) pretty, lovely; (=simpático) nice, cute

una chica muy mona — a lovely o very pretty girl

¡qué sombrero más mono! — what a nice o cute little hat!

2) (Mús) mono
III mono, -a
1.

ADJ LAm (=amarillo) yellow; (=rubio) blond; (=rojizo) reddish blond

2.

SM / F Col (=rubio) blond(e) (person)
mona
* * *
I
- na adjetivo

1) (fam) < mujer> pretty, lovely-looking (colloq); < niño> lovely, cute (colloq); <vestido/piso> gorgeous, lovely

es muy mona de cara — she has a lovely face

2) (Col) ( rubio) <hombre/niño> blond; <mujer/niña> blonde

3) (Audio) mono
II
- na masculino, femenino

1) (Zool) monkey

el mono desnudo — the naked ape

ser el último mono — (fam) to be the lowest of the low

ser un mono de imitación — (fam) to be a copycat (colloq)

tener monos en la cara — (fam)

¿qué miras? ¿es que tengo monos en la cara? — is there something funny about me?

aunque la mona se vista de seda mona se queda — you can't make a silk purse out of a sow's ear

2) mono masculino ( monigote) doodle

una revista de monitos — (Andes, Méx) a comic

la página de los monitos del periódico — (Andes, Méx) the cartoon page, the funnies (AmE colloq)

- mono animado

- mono de nieve

3) mono masculino

a) ( de mecánico) coveralls (pl) (AmE), overalls (pl) (BrE)

b) ( de moda - de cuerpo entero) jumpsuit; (- con peto) overalls (pl) (AmE), dungarees (pl) (BrE)

c) (Méx) ( malla de bailarina) leotard

4) (Audio)

en mono — in mono

5) (arg) ( síndrome de abstinencia) cold turkey (sl)

está con el mono — he's gone cold turkey (sl)

6) ( en naipes) joker

* * *

= bun.

Ex. The typical librarian was described as a female with grey hair in a bun constantly silence with a grim and unhappy face.

----

* horquilla de moño = hairpin.

* * *
I
- na adjetivo

1) (fam) < mujer> pretty, lovely-looking (colloq); < niño> lovely, cute (colloq); <vestido/piso> gorgeous, lovely

es muy mona de cara — she has a lovely face

2) (Col) ( rubio) <hombre/niño> blond; <mujer/niña> blonde

3) (Audio) mono
II
- na masculino, femenino

1) (Zool) monkey

el mono desnudo — the naked ape

ser el último mono — (fam) to be the lowest of the low

ser un mono de imitación — (fam) to be a copycat (colloq)

tener monos en la cara — (fam)

¿qué miras? ¿es que tengo monos en la cara? — is there something funny about me?

aunque la mona se vista de seda mona se queda — you can't make a silk purse out of a sow's ear

2) mono masculino ( monigote) doodle

una revista de monitos — (Andes, Méx) a comic

la página de los monitos del periódico — (Andes, Méx) the cartoon page, the funnies (AmE colloq)

- mono animado

- mono de nieve

3) mono masculino

a) ( de mecánico) coveralls (pl) (AmE), overalls (pl) (BrE)

b) ( de moda - de cuerpo entero) jumpsuit; (- con peto) overalls (pl) (AmE), dungarees (pl) (BrE)

c) (Méx) ( malla de bailarina) leotard

4) (Audio)

en mono — in mono

5) (arg) ( síndrome de abstinencia) cold turkey (sl)

está con el mono — he's gone cold turkey (sl)

6) ( en naipes) joker

* * *

mono¹

= monkey, ape.

Ex: For example, 629.1388 in DC has to house all documents on Astronautics documents on Instrumentation, Earth satellites, monkeys in space, Manned flights, and so on.

Ex: Edgar Rice Burroughs, best known as the creator of 'Tarzan of the Apes', is one of America's most popular writers of genre fiction = Edgar Rice Burroughs, mejor conocido como el creador de "Tarzán de los monos" es uno de los escritories más populares americanos de literatura narrativa.

* aunque la mona se vista de seda, mona se queda = You can take the boy out of the country, but you can't take the country out of the boy.

* Aunque la mona se vista de seda, mona se queda = You can't make a silk purse out of a sow's ear.

* hacer (la) mona = play + hooky, play + truant, skip + class.

* mono enano = bonobo.

* ser el último mono = feel + pulled and tugged.

mono²

² = overalls, body suit.

Nota: Prenda de vestir de una pieza completa que cubre la parte superior e inferior del cuerpo.

Ex: Factories are manufacturing hundreds of diversified products: paper containers, overalls, wire products, icepicks, furniture, building supplies, soap, buttons, wallpaper, kitchenware, shirts, cosmetics, carpets, paint -- the list goes on.

Ex: This article covers the general intellectual property situation and specific patents relating to aspects of virtual reality (headsets, data gloves, body suits, complete systems).

mono³

³ = cute [cuter -comp., cutest -sup.], dinky [dinkier -comp., dinkiest -sup.], darling.

Ex: Frequently the youngest child takes on the role of the mascot; he acts cute, mischievous, and endearing.

Ex: This dinky pink handbag is ideal for day or evening use.

Ex: Anyhow, family -- including my darling niece and nephew, who were a little bit off their oats when I arrived.

mono⁴

⁴ = withdrawal symptoms.

Ex: When heavy or frequent drinkers suddenly decide to quit 'cold turkey' they will experience some physical withdrawal symptoms.

* tener el mono = suffer from + withdrawal symptoms.

* * *

mono¹ -na

adjective

A ( fam); ‹mujer› pretty, lovely-looking ( colloq); ‹niño› lovely, cute ( colloq), sweet ( colloq); ‹vestido/piso› gorgeous, lovely

es muy mona de cara she has a lovely o a very pretty face

B ( Col) (rubio) ‹hombre/niño› blond; ‹mujer/niña› blonde

C ( Audio) mono

mono² -na

masculine, feminine

( Zool) monkey

el mono desnudo the naked ape

ser el último mono ( fam); to be a complete nobody, be the lowest of the low, be the low man on the totem pole ( AmE)

ser un mono de imitación ( fam); to be a copycat ( colloq)

tener monos en la cara ( fam): ¿qué miras? ¿es que tengo monos en la cara? is there something funny about me? you're looking at me as if I was from another planet

tener mono de algo/algn ( Esp fam); ‹persona› to miss; ‹vino/jamón› to crave

aunque la mona se vista de seda mona se queda you can't make a silk purse out of a sow's ear

Compuesto:

mono sabio

picador's assistant

mono³

masculine

A

(monigote): dibujó un mono en el cuaderno he drew a little figure in his exercise book

una revista de monitos (Andes, Méx); a comic

la página de los monitos del periódico (Andes, Méx); the cartoon page, the funnies ( AmE colloq)

Compuestos:

● mono animado

( Chi) cartoon

● mono de nieve

( Chi) snowman

B

1 ( Indum) (de mecánico) coveralls (pl) ( AmE), overalls (pl) ( BrE), boiler suit ( BrE)

2 (de moda — de cuerpo entero) jumpsuit; (— con peto) overalls (pl) ( AmE), dungarees (pl) ( BrE)

3 ( Méx) (malla de bailarina) leotard

C ( Audio):

en mono in mono

D ( arg) (síndrome de abstinencia) cold turkey (sl)

está con el mono he's gone cold turkey (sl)

E (en naipes) joker

* * *

Multiple Entries:
mono
moño
mono 1
◊ -na adjetivo

1 (fam) ‹ mujer› pretty, lovely-looking (colloq);
‹ niño› lovely, cute (colloq);
‹vestido/piso› gorgeous, lovely
2 (Col) ( rubio) ‹hombre/niño› blond;
‹mujer/niña› blonde
3 (Audio) mono
■ sustantivo masculino, femenino
1 (Zool) monkey;
◊ ser el último moño (fam) to be the lowest of the low

2 sustantivo masculino
a) ( de mecánico) coveralls (pl) (AmE), overalls (pl) (BrE)

b) ( de moda — de cuerpo entero) jumpsuit;

(— con peto) overalls (pl) (AmE), dungarees (pl) (BrE)
c) (Méx) ( malla de bailarina) leotard

mono 2 sustantivo masculino ( monigote)
1 doodle;
◊ una revista de monitos (Andes, Méx) a comic;

moño animado (Chi) cartoon;
moño de nieve (Chi) snowman
2
a) ( de mecánico) coveralls (pl) (AmE), overalls (pl) (BrE), boiler suit (BrE)

b) ( de moda — de cuerpo entero) jumpsuit;

(— con peto) overalls (pl) (AmE), dungarees (pl) (BrE)
c) (Méx) ( malla de bailarina) leotard

3 (arg) ( síndrome de abstinencia) cold turkey (sl);
◊ está con el moño he's gone cold turkey (sl)

moño sustantivo masculino
a) ( peinado) bun;

◊ se hizo un moño she put her hair up in a bun;

estar hasta el moño to be fed up (to the back teeth) (colloq)
b) (AmL) ( lazo) bow

mono,-a
I m,f Zool monkey
II sustantivo masculino
1 Indum (para trabajo) overalls pl; US coveralls pl
2 argot (de abstinencia) cold turkey
III adj fam (bonito) lovely, pretty, charming
♦ Locuciones: ¿tengo monos en la cara?, what are you staring at?
moño m (de pelo) bun: se hizo un moño, she put her hair up in a bun
♦ Locuciones: familiar estar hasta el moño, to be sick to death [de, of]
' moño' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
mona
- mono
- chongo
- comodín
- corbata
- deshacer
- mano
- rico
English:
ape
- boiler suit
- bun
- cold turkey
- coveralls
- cute
- death
- dungarees
- jump suit
- monkey
- overall
- sick
- sweet
- blond
- boiler
- bow
- cartoon
- cover
- fair
- hair
- jump
- mono
- yellow

* * *

mono¹, -a adj

1. Fam [bonito] lovely, pretty;

es mona, pero muy sosa she's pretty but really dull;

está muy mona con ese traje she looks really lovely in that dress;

viste siempre muy mona she always wears really pretty clothes

2. [sonido] mono

3. Col [rubio] blond, f blonde

4. Ven Fam [presumido] conceited

mono², -a

♦ nm,f

1. [animal] monkey;

Comp
Fam
mandar a alguien a freír monas o Ven [m5] monos to tell sb to get lost;

Comp
Ven Fam
en lo que pestañea un mono in the blink of an eye;

Comp
Fam
tener monos en la cara: ¿qué miras? ¿tengo monos en la cara? what are you looking at? have I got two heads or something?;

Comp
Fam
ser el último mono to be bottom of the heap;

Prov

aunque la mona se vista de seda, mona se queda you can't make a silk purse out of a sow's ear

Comp
mono araguato red howler monkey;
mono araña spider monkey;

mono aullador howler monkey;

mono caparro common woolly monkey;

mono capuchino capuchin monkey;

mono marimonda white-bellied spider monkey;

mono tití squirrel monkey

2. Col [rubio] blond, f blonde

♦ nm

1. [prenda] [con mangas] Br overalls, US coveralls;
[de peto] Br dungarees, Br boiler suit, US overalls;
un mono de esquiar salopettes

2. Esp Fam [síndrome de abstinencia] withdrawal symptoms;

estar con el mono to be doing cold turkey

3. Esp Fam [ganas]
tengo mono de playa I'm dying to go to the beach

4. Méx [muñeco] soft toy

5. RP, Ven [ropa de bebé] romper suit, Br Babygro®

6. Ven [ropa deportiva] tracksuit

7. Ven [comodín] joker

8. Ven Fam [deuda] bad debt

9. Andes, Méx [monigote] cartoon figure

Comp
Andes mono animado cartoon
10. Chile [montón] pile of produce

11. Comp
Col
meterle a alguien los monos to frighten sb

* * *

mono

I m

1 ZO monkey

2 prenda coveralls pl, Br

boilersuit

3

:

ser el último mono be the low man on the totem pole;

tratar como al último mono treat like dirt

II adj pretty, cute

* * *

mono, -na adj, fam : lovely, pretty, cute, darling

mono, -na n

: monkey

* * *

mono¹ adj pretty [comp. prettier; superl. prettiest]

el vestido es muy mono it's a very pretty dress

mono² n

1. (animal) monkey

los monos son primates monkeys are primates

2. (prenda) overalls

los mecánicos llevan un mono para trabajar mechanics wear overalls to work in

Spanish-English dictionary > moño
10 bieten

to offer; to afford; to bid

* * *
bie|ten ['biːtn] pret bot, [boːt] ptp geboten
1. vt
[gə'boːtn]
1) (= anbieten) to offer (jdm etw sb sth, sth to sb); (bei Auktion) to bid (
auf +acc for); Möglichkeit, Gelegenheit to offer, to give (jdm etw sb sth, sth to sb)
jdm die Hand bíéten — to hold out one's hand to sb, to offer sb one's hand; (fig auch) to make a conciliatory gesture to sb

jdm die Hand zur Versöhnung bíéten (fig) — to hold out the olive branch to sb

jdm den Arm bíéten — to offer sb one's arm

wer bietet mehr? — will anyone offer me etc more?; (bei Auktion) any more bids?

mehr bietet dir niemand — no-one will give or offer you more, no-one will make you a higher offer

diese Stadt/dieser Mann hat nichts zu bíéten — this town/man has nothing to offer

2) (= geben) to give (jdm etw sb sth); Gewähr, Sicherheit, Anlass etc auch to provide (etw sth, jdm etw sb with sth); Asyl to grant (jdm etw sb sth)

3) (= haben, aufweisen) to have; Problem, Schwierigkeit to present

das Hochhaus bietet Wohnungen für fünfzig Familien — the tower block (Brit) or apartment building (US) provides accommodation for fifty families

4) (= zeigen, darbieten) Anblick, Bild to present; Film to show; Leistung to give

die Mannschaft bot den Zuschauern ein hervorragendes Spiel — the team put on an excellent game for the spectators

See:

→ Blöße

5)

(= zumuten) etw bíéten lassen — to stand for sth

so etwas könnte man mir nicht bíéten — I wouldn't stand for that sort of thing

ist dir so etwas schon einmal geboten worden? — have you ever known the like (inf) or anything like it?

6) (geh = sagen)

jdm einen Gruß bíéten — to greet sb

jdm einen guten Morgen bíéten — to bid sb good morning (old, liter)

•

See:

→ Paroli, geboten

2. vi (CARDS)
to bid; (bei Auktion auch) to make a bid ( auf +acc for)
3. vr
(Gelegenheit, Lösung, Anblick etc) to present itself (jdm to sb)
ein grauenhaftes Schauspiel bot sich unseren Augen — a terrible scene met our eyes

* * *

(- past tense, past participle bid - to offer (an amount of money) at an auction: John bid ($1,000) for the painting.) bid

* * *

bie·ten

<bot, geboten>

[ˈbi:tn̩]

I. vt

1. (als Zahlungsangebot machen)

▪ etw [für etw akk] \bieten to offer sth [for sth]; (bei Auktionen) to bid sth [for sth]

er hat 2.000 Euro auf das Gemälde geboten he bid 2,000 euros for the painting

wer bietet mehr? any more bids?

mehr/weniger \bieten als jd to outbid/underbid sb

2. (anbieten)

▪ [jdm] etw \bieten to offer [sb] sth, to offer sth [to sb]

die Leute wollen, dass ihnen Nervenkitzel, Spannung und Sensationen geboten werden people want [to be offered] thrills, spills and excitement

jdm etwas/nichts zu \bieten haben to have something/nothing to offer [to] sb

3. (gewähren)

▪ [jdm] etw \bieten to give [sb] sth

eine Gelegenheit/Möglichkeit \bieten to offer [or give] an opportunity/a possibility

Gewähr \bieten to provide guarantee

Sicherheit/Schutz \bieten to provide security/safety

4. (aufweisen)

▪ etw \bieten to have sth

das Haus bietet Wohnraum für zwei Familien the building has [or provides] living space for two families

diese Häuser \bieten eine Menge Luxus für betuchte Kunden these houses offer well-to-do buyers a lot of luxury

Probleme/Schwierigkeiten \bieten to present problems/difficulties

5. (zeigen, darbieten)

▪ etw \bieten to present sth

einen erfreulichen/furchtbaren Anblick \bieten to be a welcoming/terrible sight

einen Film/ein Theaterstück \bieten to show [or put on] a film/theatre [or AM -er] production

eine hervorragende/überzeugende Leistung \bieten to give [or put on] a superb/convincing performance

▪ jdm etw \bieten to present sb [with] sth

die Dokumentation bot uns eine ausgewogene Darstellung des Themas the documentary presented us with a balanced view of the issue

6. (pej: zumuten)

▪ jdm etw \bieten to serve sth up to sb

was einem heutzutage an Kitsch geboten wird! the rubbish that's served up [or that we're expected to put up with] today! fam

▪ sich dat etw [nicht] \bieten lassen to [not] stand for [or put up with] sth

so etwas ließe ich mir nicht \bieten! I wouldn't stand for [or put up with] it!

II. vi

1. KARTEN (ansagen) to bid

2. (bei Auktionen) to [make a] bid

III. vr

1. (sich anbieten)

▪ sich \bieten to present itself

▪ etw bietet sich jdm:

plötzlich bot sich eine Gelegenheit an opportunity suddenly presented itself, sb is presented with sth

mir bot sich eine einmalige Chance I was presented with a unique opportunity

2. (sich darbieten)

▪ sich jdm \bieten to present itself to sb

sich jds Augen \bieten to meet sb's eyes

ein herrliches Schauspiel bot sich unseren Augen a spectacular sight met our eyes

▪ etw bietet sich jdm sb is presented with sth

den Feuerwehrleuten bot sich ein Bild des Schreckens the firemen were confronted with a horrendous sight

* * *
1.
unregelmäßiges transitives Verb

1) offer; put on <programme etc.>; provide <shelter, guarantee, etc.>; (bei Auktionen, Kartenspielen) bid (für, auf + Akk. for)

jemandem Geld/eine Chance bieten — offer somebody money/a chance

jemandem den Arm bieten — (geh.) offer somebody one's arm

eine hervorragende Leistung bieten — put up an outstanding performance

das bietet keine Schwierigkeiten — that presents no difficulties

das Stadion bietet 40 000 Personen Platz — the stadium has room for or can hold 40,000 people

2)

ein schreckliches/gespenstisches usw. Bild bieten — present a terrible/eerie etc. picture; be a terrible/eerie etc. sight

einen prächtigen Anblick bieten — look splendid; be a splendid sight

3) (zumuten)

das lasse ich mir nicht bieten — I won't put up with or stand for that
2.
unregelmäßiges reflexives Verb

sich jemandem bieten — present itself to somebody

hier bietet sich dir eine Chance — this is an opportunity for you; this offers you an opportunity

ihnen bot sich ein Bild des Grauens — a horrific sight confronted them
3.
unregelmäßiges intransitives Verb bid (auf + Akk. for)

* * *

bieten; bietet, bot, hat geboten

A. v/t

1. (anbieten) offer (

jemandem etwas sb sth); (Anblick, Schwierigkeiten, Möglichkeit) present;

was hast du mir zu bieten? what can you offer me?

2. (geben) give; (Schutz) provide;

jemandem Hilfe/Trost bieten help/comfort sb;

einem Flüchtling Asyl bieten grant asylum to a refugee

3. (gewähren) afford;

das neue Büro bietet uns mehr Platz the new office is more spacious;

dieser Wagen bietet mehr Komfort this car is more comfortable

4. (Programm) show;

im Kino etc

geboten werden be on at the cinema (besonders US movies) etc;

was hast du uns heute zu bieten? auch iron what have you got to offer us today?, what have you got lined up for us today?;

dieser Ort hat viele Ausflugsmöglichkeiten zu bieten this spot is perfect for a wide variety of day trips

5. (darbieten) present;

der Garten bot einen traurigen Anblick the garden looked a sorry sight;

die Unfallstelle bot ein Bild des Grauens the scene of the accident was a horrific sight

6.

sich (dat)

etwas bieten lassen (Frechheit) stand for sth;

das lässt er sich nicht bieten he won’t stand for that;

das lass ich mir (

von dir, ihr etc)

nicht bieten! I won’t take ( oder stand for) that (from you, her etc)!;

das solltest du dir nicht bieten lassen I wouldn’t stand for it if I were you;

du hast dir genug von ihr bieten lassen you’ve put up with enough from her already;

und das lässt du dir einfach bieten? and you just sit back and take it?

B. v/t & v/i

1. auf Auktion: bid;

mehr/weniger bieten als outbid/underbid;

wer bietet mehr? any more bids?;

bis zu 50 000 Euro bieten go as high as 50,000 euros

2. Karten: bid

C. v/r Gelegenheit: come up, present itself;

so eine Gelegenheit bietet sich dir nie wieder! it’s the chance of a lifetime;

es bot sich ihr ein traumhafter Anblick a wonderful scene unfolded before her eyes;

eine grauenvolle Szene bot sich i-n Augen she was met with ( oder confronted by) a scene of horror

* * *
1.
unregelmäßiges transitives Verb

1) offer; put on <programme etc.>; provide <shelter, guarantee, etc.>; (bei Auktionen, Kartenspielen) bid (für, auf + Akk. for)

jemandem Geld/eine Chance bieten — offer somebody money/a chance

jemandem den Arm bieten — (geh.) offer somebody one's arm

eine hervorragende Leistung bieten — put up an outstanding performance

das bietet keine Schwierigkeiten — that presents no difficulties

das Stadion bietet 40 000 Personen Platz — the stadium has room for or can hold 40,000 people

2)

ein schreckliches/gespenstisches usw. Bild bieten — present a terrible/eerie etc. picture; be a terrible/eerie etc. sight

einen prächtigen Anblick bieten — look splendid; be a splendid sight

3) (zumuten)

das lasse ich mir nicht bieten — I won't put up with or stand for that
2.
unregelmäßiges reflexives Verb

sich jemandem bieten — present itself to somebody

hier bietet sich dir eine Chance — this is an opportunity for you; this offers you an opportunity

ihnen bot sich ein Bild des Grauens — a horrific sight confronted them
3.
unregelmäßiges intransitives Verb bid (auf + Akk. for)

* * *

-reien n.

bid n.

Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > bieten
11 come

come

A ◑ n sperme m.

B excl ( reassuringly) come (now)! allons! ; come, come! (in warning, reproach) allons, allons!

C vtr ( prét came ; pp come)

1 ( travel) faire ; to come 100 km to see faire 100 km pour voir ;

2 ○ GB ( act) don't come the innocent with me ne fais pas l'innocent ; to come the heavy-handed father jouer les pères autoritaires.

D vi ( prét came ; pp come)

1 ( arrive) [person, day, success, fame] venir ; [bus, letter, news, results, rains, winter, war] arriver ; the letter came on Monday la lettre est arrivée lundi ; your turn will come ton tour arrivera ; to come after sb ( chase) poursuivre qn ; to come by ( take) prendre [bus, taxi, plane] ; I came on foot/by bike je suis venu à pied/à bicyclette ; to come down descendre [stairs, street] ; to come up monter [stairs, street] ; to come down from Scotland/from Alaska venir d'Écosse/de l'Alaska ; to come from venir de [airport, hospital] ; to come into entrer dans [house, room] ; the train came into the station le train est entré en gare ; to come past [car, person] passer ; to come through [person] passer par [town centre, tunnel] ; [water, object] traverser [window etc] ; to come to venir à [school, telephone] ; to come to the door venir ouvrir ; to come to the surface remonter à la surface ; to come to the company as entrer dans l'entreprise comme [apprentice, consultant] ; to come to do venir faire ; to come running arriver en courant ; to come limping down the street descendre la rue en boitant ; to come crashing to the ground [structure] s'écraser au sol ; to come streaming through the window [light] entrer à flots par la fenêtre ; lunch is ready, come and get it! le déjeuner est prêt, à table! ; when the time comes lorsque le moment sera venu ; the time has come to do le moment est venu de faire ; I'm coming! j'arrive! ; come to mummy viens voir maman ; to come and go aller et venir ; you can come and go as you please tu es libre de tes mouvements ; fashions come and go les modes vont et viennent ; come next week/year la semaine/l'année prochaine ; come Christmas/Summer à Noël/en été ; there may come a time ou day when you regret it tu pourrais le regretter un jour ; for some time to come encore quelque temps ; there's still the meal/speech to come il y a encore le repas/discours ;

2 ( approach) s'approcher ; to come and see/help sb venir voir/aider qn ; to come to sb for venir demander [qch] à qn [money, advice] ; I could see it coming ( of accident) je le voyais venir ; don't come any closer ne vous approchez pas (plus) ; he came to the job with preconceived ideas quand il a commencé ce travail il avait des idées préconçues ; to come close ou near to doing faillir faire ;

3 (call, visit) [dustman, postman] passer ; [cleaner] venir ; I've come to do je viens faire ; I've come about je viens au sujet de ; I've come for je viens chercher ; my brother is coming for me at 10 am mon frère passe me prendre à 10 heures ; they're coming for the weekend ils viennent pour le week-end ; I've got six people coming to dinner j'ai six personnes à dîner ; my sister is coming to stay with us ma sœur vient passer quelques jours chez nous ;

4 ( attend) venir ; I can't ou won't be able to come je ne pourrai pas venir ; come as you are venez comme vous êtes ; to come to venir à [meeting, party, wedding] ; to come with sb venir avec qn, accompagner qn ; do you want to come fishing? est-ce que tu veux venir à la pêche? ;

5 ( reach) to come to, to come up/down to [water] venir jusqu'à ; [dress, carpet, curtain] arriver à ; I've just come to the chapter where… j'en suis juste au chapitre où… ;

6 ( happen) how did you come to do? comment as-tu fait pour faire? ; that's what comes of doing/not doing voilà ce qui arrive quand on fait/ne fait pas ; how come? comment ça se fait? ; how come you lost? comment ça se fait que tu aies perdu? ; come what may advienne que pourra ; to take things as they come prendre les choses comme elles viennent ; when you come to think of it à la réflexion ; come to think of it, you're right en fait, tu as raison ;

7 ( begin) to come to believe/hate/understand finir par croire/détester/comprendre ;

8 ( originate) to come from [person] être originaire de, venir de [city, country etc] ; [word, song, legend] venir de [country, language] ; [substance, food] provenir de [raw material] ; [coins, stamps] provenir de [place, collection] ; [smell, sound] venir de [place] ; to come from France [fruit, painting] provenir de France ; [person] être français/-e ; to come from a long line of artists être issu d'une longue lignée d'artistes ;

9 ( be available) to come in exister en [sizes, colours] ; to come with a radio/sunroof être livré avec radio/toit ouvrant ; to come with chips être servi avec des frites ; to come with matching napkins être vendu avec les serviettes assorties ; calculators don't come smaller/cheaper than this il n'existe pas de calculatrice plus petite/moins chère que celle-là ;

10 ( tackle) to come to aborder [problem, subject] ; I'll come to that in a moment je reviendrai sur ce point dans un moment ; to come to sth ou to doing sth late in life se mettre à faire qch sur le tard ;

11 ( develop) it comes with practice/experience cela s'apprend avec la pratique/l'expérience ; wisdom comes with age la sagesse vient en vieillissant ;

12 ( be situated) venir ; to come after suivre, venir après ; to come before (in time, list, queue) précéder ; ( in importance) passer avant ; to come within faire partie de [terms] ; to come first/last [athlete, horse] arriver premier/dernier ; where did you come? tu es arrivé combien ○ ?, tu es arrivé à quelle place? ; my family comes first ma famille passe avant tout ; nothing can come between us rien ne peut nous séparer ; don't let this come between us on ne va pas se fâcher pour ça ; to try to come between two people essayer de s'interposer entre deux personnes ; nothing comes between me and my football! pour moi le foot c'est sacré! ;

13 ( be due) the house comes to me when they die la maison me reviendra quand ils mourront ; death/old age comes to us all tout le monde meurt/vieillit ; he had it coming (to him) ○ ça lui pendait au nez ; they got what was coming to them ○ ils ont fini par avoir ce qu'ils méritaient ;

14 ( be a question of) when it comes to sth/to doing lorsqu'il s'agit de qch/de faire ;

15 ○ ( have orgasm) jouir.

Idioms

come again ○ ? pardon? ; I don't know if I'm coming or going je ne sais plus où j'en suis ; ‘how do you like your tea?’-‘as it comes’ ‘tu le prends comment ton thé?’-‘ça m'est égal’ ; he's as stupid/honest as they come il n'y a pas plus stupide/honnête que lui ; come to that ou if it comes to that, you may be right en fait, tu as peut-être raison ; to come as a shock/a surprise être un choc/une surprise.

Phrasal verbs

■ come about

1 ( happen) [problems, reforms] survenir ; [situation, change] se produire ; the discovery came about by accident on a fait la découverte par hasard ;

2 Naut virer de bord.

■ come across:

▶ come across ( be conveyed) [meaning, message] passer ; [feelings] transparaître ; the message of the film comes across clearly le message du film est clair ; his love of animals comes across strongly on sent bien qu'il adore les animaux ; she comes across well on TV elle passe bien à la télé ; come across as donner l'impression d'être [liar, expert] ; paraître [enthusiastic, honest] ;

▶ come across [sth] tomber sur [article, reference, example] ; découvrir [qch] par hasard [village] ; we rarely come across cases of nous avons rarement affaire à des cas de ;

▶ come across [sb] rencontrer [person] ; one of the nicest people I've ever come across une des personnes les plus sympathiques que j'aie jamais rencontrées.

■ come along

1 ( arrive) [bus, person] arriver ; [opportunity] se présenter ; to wait for the right person to come along attendre que la personne idéale se présente ;

2 ( hurry up) come along! dépêche-toi! ;

3 ( attend) venir ; why don't you come along? tu veux venir? ; to come along to venir à [lecture, party] ; to come along with sb venir avec qn, accompagner qn ;

4 ( make progress) [pupil, trainee] faire des progrès ; [book, building work, project] avancer ; [painting, tennis] progresser ; [plant, seedling] pousser ; your Spanish is coming along votre espagnol a progressé ; how's the thesis coming along? est-ce que ta thèse avance?

■ come apart

1 ( accidentally) [book, parcel, box] se déchirer ; [shoes] craquer ; [toy, camera] se casser ; the toy just came apart in my hands le jouet m'est resté dans les mains ;

2 ( intentionally) [sections, components] se séparer ; [machine, equipment] se démonter.

■ come around US = come round.

■ come at:

▶ come at [sb]

1 ( attack) [person] attaquer (with avec) ; [bull, rhino] foncer sur ;

2 fig there were criticisms/questions coming at me from all sides j'étais assailli de critiques/questions.

■ come away

1 ( leave) lit partir ; to come away from quitter [cinema, match, show] ; sortir de [interview, meeting] ; fig to come away from the match/from the meeting disappointed/satisfied sortir déçu/satisfait du stade/de la réunion ; to come away with the feeling that rester sur l'impression que ;

2 ( move away) s'éloigner ; come away! ( said by parent) pousse-toi de là! ; ( said by official) circulez! ; come away from the edge éloigne-toi du bord ;

3 ( become detached) [handle, plaster, cover] se détacher (from de).

■ come back

1 ( return) gen [letter, person, memories, feeling, good weather] revenir (from de ; to à) ; ( to one's house) rentrer ; to come running back revenir en courant ; the memories came flooding back les souvenirs me sont revenus d'un seul coup ; to come back to revenir à [topic, problem] ; retourner auprès de [spouse, lover] ; to come back with sb raccompagner qn ; to come back with ( return) revenir avec [present, idea, flu] ; ( reply) répondre par [offer, suggestion] ; can I come back to you on that tomorrow? est-ce que nous pourrions en reparler demain? ; it's all coming back to me now tout me revient maintenant ; the name will come back to me le nom me reviendra ; to come back to what you were saying pour en revenir à ce que tu disais ;

2 ( become popular) [law, system] être rétabli ; [trend, method, hairstyle] revenir à la mode ; to come back into fashion revenir à la mode.

■ come by:

▶ come by [person] passer ; you must come by and see us passez donc nous voir ;

▶ come by [sth] trouver [book, job, money].

■ come down

1 ( move lower) [person] descendre (from de) ; [lift, barrier, blind] descendre ; [curtain] tomber ; to come down by parachute descendre en parachute ; to come down in the lift prendre l'ascenseur pour descendre ; he's really come down in the world fig il est vraiment tombé bas ; his trousers barely came down to his ankles son pantalon lui arrivait à peine aux chevilles ;

2 ( drop) [price, inflation, unemployment, temperature] baisser (from de ; to à) ; [cost] diminuer ; cars are coming down in price le prix des voitures baisse ;

3 Meteorol [snow, rain] tomber ; the fog came down overnight le brouillard est apparu pendant la nuit ;

4 ( land) [helicopter] se poser ; [aircraft] atterrir ;

5 ( crash) [plane] s'écraser ;

6 ( fall) [ceiling, wall] s'écrouler ; [curtain rail] tomber ; [hem] se défaire ;

7 fig ( be resumed by) se ramener à [question, problem, fact] ; it all really comes down to the fact that ça se ramène au fait que.

■ come forward

1 ( step forward) s'avancer ;

2 ( volunteer) se présenter (to do pour faire) ; to come forward with présenter [proof, proposal] ; offrir [help, money, suggestions] ; to ask witnesses to come forward lancer un appel à témoins.

■ come in

1 ( enter) [person, rain] entrer (through par) ;

2 ( return) rentrer (from de) ; she comes in from work at five elle rentre du travail à cinq heures ;

3 ( come inland) [tide] monter ; a wind coming in from the sea un vent soufflant de la mer ;

4 ( arrive) [plane, train, bill, complaint, delivery, letter] arriver ; which horse came in first? quel cheval est arrivé premier? ; we've got £2,000 a month coming in nous avons une rentrée de 2 000 livres sterling par mois ;

5 ( become current) [trend, invention, style] faire son apparition ; [habit, practice] commencer à se répandre ;

6 ( interject) intervenir ; to come in with an opinion exprimer son opinion ;

7 Radio, Telecom ( in radio transmission) come in, Delta Bravo! c'est à vous, Delta Bravo! ;

8 ( participate) to come in with sb s'associer à qn ; to come in on the deal participer à l'affaire ;

9 ( serve a particular purpose) where do I come in? à quel moment est-ce que j'interviens? ; where does the extra money come in? à quel moment est-ce qu'on introduira l'argent en plus? ; to come in useful ou handy [box, compass, string etc] être utile, servir ; [skill, qualification] être utile ;

10 ( receive) to come in for criticism [person] être critiqué ; [plan] faire l'objet de nombreuses critiques ; to come in for praise recevoir des éloges.

■ come into:

▶ come into [sth]

1 ( inherit) hériter de [money] ; entrer en possession de [inheritance] ;

2 ( be relevant) to come into it [age, experience] entrer en ligne de compte, jouer ; luck/skill doesn't come into it ce n'est pas une question de hasard/d'habileté.

■ come off:

▶ come off

1 ( become detached) ( accidentally) [button, label, handle] se détacher ; [lid] s'enlever ; [paint] s'écailler ; [wallpaper] se décoller ; ( intentionally) [handle, panel, lid] s'enlever ; the knob came off in my hand la poignée m'est restée dans la main ; the lid won't come off je n'arrive pas à enlever le couvercle ;

2 ( fall) [rider] tomber ;

3 (wash, rub off) [ink] s'effacer ; [stain] partir ; the mark won't come off la tache ne part pas ;

4 ( take place) [deal] se réaliser ; [merger, trip] avoir lieu ;

5 ( succeed) [plan, trick, project] réussir ; [parody] être réussi ;

6 Theat, TV ( be taken off) [play] être retiré de l'affiche ; [TV show] être déprogrammé ;

7 ( fare) she came off well ( in deal) elle s'en est très bien tirée ; who came off worst? ( in fight) lequel des deux a été le plus touché? ;

▶ come off [sth]

1 ( stop using) arrêter [pill, tablet, heroin] ;

2 ( fall off) tomber de [bicycle, horse] ;

3 ( get off) descendre de [wall] ; come off the lawn! sors de la pelouse!

■ come on

1 ( follow) I'll come on later je vous rejoindrai plus tard ;

2 ( exhortation) ( encouraging) come on, try it! allez, essaie! ; come on, follow me! allez, suivez-moi! ; ( impatient) come on, hurry up! allez, dépêche-toi! ; ( wearily) come on, somebody must know the answer! enfin, il y a sûrement quelqu'un qui connaît la réponse! ; come on, you don't expect me to believe that! non mais franchement, tu ne t'attends pas à ce que je croie ça! ;

3 ( make progress) [person, player, patient] faire des progrès ; [bridge, road, novel] avancer ; [plant] pousser ; how are the recruits coming on? est-ce que les recrues font des progrès? ; her tennis is coming on well elle fait des progrès en tennis ;

4 ( begin) [asthma, attack, headache] commencer ; [winter] arriver ; [programme, film] commencer ; [rain] se mettre à tomber ; it came on to snow il s'est mis à neiger ;

5 ( start to work) [light] s'allumer ; [heating, fan] se mettre en route ; the power came on again at 11 le courant est revenu à 11 heures ;

6 Theat [actor] entrer en scène.

■ come out

1 ( emerge) [person, animal, vehicle] sortir (of de) ; [star] apparaître ; [sun, moon] se montrer ; [flowers, bulbs] sortir de terre ; [spot, rash] apparaître ; come out with your hands up! sortez les mains en l'air ; when does he come out? (of prison, hospital) quand est-ce qu'il sort? ; he came out of it rather well fig il ne s'en est pas mal tiré ;

2 ( originate) to come out of [person] être originaire de ; [song] venir de ; [news report] provenir de ; the money will have to come out of your savings il faudra prendre l'argent sur tes économies ;

3 ( result) to come out of [breakthrough] sortir de ; something good came out of the disaster il est sorti quelque chose de bon du désastre ;

4 ( strike) faire la grève ; to come out on strike faire la grève ;

5 [homosexual] déclarer publiquement son homosexualité ;

6 ( fall out) [contact lens, tooth, key, screw, nail] tomber ; [electrical plug] se débrancher ; [sink plug] sortir ; [contents, stuffing] sortir ; [cork] s'enlever ; his hair is coming out il commence à perdre ses cheveux ;

7 ( be emitted) [water, air, smoke] sortir (through par) ; the water comes out of this hole l'eau sort par ce trou ;

8 ( wash out) [stain, ink, grease] s'en aller, partir (of de) ; it won't come out ça ne part pas ;

9 ( be deleted) [reference, sentence] être éliminé ;

10 (be published, issued) [magazine, novel] paraître ; [album, film, model, product] sortir ;

11 ( become known) [feelings] se manifester ; [message, meaning] ressortir ; [details, facts, full story] être révélé ; [results] être connu ; [secret] être divulgué ; it came out that on a appris que ; if it ever comes out that it was my fault si on découvre un jour que c'était de ma faute ; the truth is bound to come out la vérité finira forcément par se savoir ; so that's what you think-it's all coming out now! c'est ça que tu penses-tu finis par l'avouer! ;

12 Phot, Print [photo, photocopy] être réussi ; the photos didn't come out (well) les photos ne sont pas réussies ; red ink won't come out on the photocopy l'encre rouge ne donnera rien sur la photocopie ;

13 ( end up) to come out at 200 dollars [cost, bill] s'élever à 200 dollars ; the jumper came out too big le pull était trop grand ; the total always comes out the same le total est toujours le même ;

14 ( say) to come out with sortir [excuse] ; raconter [nonsense, rubbish] ; I knew what I wanted to say but it came out wrong je savais ce que je voulais dire mais je me suis mal exprimé ; whatever will she come out with next? qu'est-ce qu'elle va encore nous sortir ○ ? ; to come straight out with it le dire franchement ;

15 ( enter society) faire ses débuts dans le monde.

■ come over:

▶ come over

1 ( drop in) venir ; come over for a drink venez prendre un verre ; to come over to do venir faire ;

2 ( travel) venir ; they came over on the ferry ils sont venus en ferry ; she's coming over on the 10 am flight elle arrive par l'avion de 10 heures ; she often comes over to France elle vient souvent en France ; their ancestors came over with the Normans leurs ancêtres sont venus ici au temps des Normands ;

3 ( convey impression) [message, meaning] passer ; [feelings, love] transparaître ; to make one's feelings come over exprimer ses sentiments ; to come over very well [person] donner une très bonne impression ; to come over as donner l'impression d'être [lazy, honest] ;

4 ○ ( suddenly become) to come over all embarrassed se sentir gêné tout à coup ; to come over all shivery se sentir fiévreux/-euse tout à coup ; to come over all faint être pris de vertige tout d'un coup ;

▶ come over [sb] [feeling] envahir ; what's come over you? qu'est-ce qui te prend? ; I don't know what came over me je ne sais pas ce qui m'a pris.

■ come round GB, come around US

1 ( regain consciousness) reprendre connaissance ;

2 ( make a detour) faire un détour (by par) ;

3 ( circulate) [steward, waitress] passer ;

4 ( visit) venir ; to come round and do venir faire ; to come round for dinner/drinks venir dîner/prendre un verre ;

5 ( occur) [event] avoir lieu ; the elections are coming round again les élections auront bientôt lieu ; by the time Christmas comes round à Noël ;

6 ( change one's mind) changer d'avis ; to come round to an idea/to my way of thinking se faire à une idée/à ma façon de voir les choses ;

7 Naut [boat] venir au vent.

■ come through:

▶ come through

1 ( survive) s'en tirer ;

2 ( penetrate) [heat, ink] traverser ; [light] passer ;

3 ( arrive) the fax/the call came through at midday nous avons reçu le fax/l'appel à midi ; my posting has just come through je viens de recevoir ma mutation ; she's still waiting for her visa/her results to come through elle n'a toujours pas reçu son visa/ses résultats ;

4 ( emerge) [personality, qualities] apparaître ;

▶ come through [sth]

1 ( survive) se tirer de [crisis] ; se sortir de [recession] ; survivre à [operation, ordeal, war] ;

2 ( penetrate) [ink, dye] traverser [paper, cloth] ; [light] passer au travers de [curtains].

■ come to:

▶ come to ( regain consciousness) ( from faint) reprendre connaissance ; ( from trance) se réveiller ;

▶ come to [sth]

1 ( total) [shopping] revenir à ; [bill, expenditure, total] s'élever à ; both columns should come to the same figure les deux colonnes devraient donner le même total ; that comes to £40 cela fait 40 livres sterling ;

2 ( result in) aboutir à ; if it comes to a fight si on en vient à se battre ; all her plans came to nothing aucun de ses projets ne s'est réalisé ; did the plans come to anything? est-ce que les projets ont abouti? ; all our efforts came to nothing tous nos efforts ont été vains ; I never thought it would come to this je n'aurais jamais imaginé que les choses en arriveraient là ; it may not come to that ce ne sera peut-être pas nécessaire.

■ come under:

▶ come under [sth]

1 ( be subjected to) to come under scrutiny faire l'objet d'un examen minutieux ; to come under suspicion être soupçonné ; to come under threat être menacé ; we're coming under pressure to do on fait pression sur nous pour faire ;

2 ( be classified under) (in library, shop) être classé dans le rayon [reference, history] ; Dali comes under Surrealism Dali fait partie des surréalistes.

■ come up:

▶ come up

1 ( arise) [problem, issue, matter] être soulevé ; [name] être mentionné ; to come up in conversation [subject] être abordé dans la conversation ; this type of question may come up c'est le genre de question qui pourrait être posée ;

2 (be due, eligible) to come up for re-election se représenter aux élections ; my salary comes up for review in April mon salaire sera révisé en avril ; the car is coming up for its annual service la voiture va avoir sa révision annuelle ;

3 ( occur) [opportunity] se présenter ; something urgent has come up j'ai quelque chose d'urgent à faire ; a vacancy has come up une place s'est libérée ;

4 ( rise) [sun, moon] sortir ; [tide] monter ; [bulb, seeds] germer ; [daffodils, beans] sortir ;

5 Jur [case, hearing] passer au tribunal ; to come up before [case] passer devant ; [person] comparaître devant.

■ come up against:

▶ come up against [sth] se heurter à [problem, prejudice, opposition].

■ come up with:

▶ come up with [sth] trouver [answer, idea, money].

■ come upon:

▶ come upon [sth] tomber sur [book, reference] ; trouver [idea] ;

▶ come upon [sb] rencontrer, tomber ○ sur [friend].

Big English-French dictionary > come
12 Thinking

   1) I Am a Thinking Thing

   But what then am I? A thing which thinks. What is a thing which thinks? It is a thing which doubts, understands, [conceives], affirms, denies, wills, refuses, which also imagines and feels. (Descartes, 1951, p. 153)

   2) Thinking Is Not Independent of the Expression of Thought

   I have been trying in all this to remove the temptation to think that there "must be" a mental process of thinking, hoping, wishing, believing, etc., independent of the process of expressing a thought, a hope, a wish, etc.... If we scrutinize the usages which we make of "thinking," "meaning," "wishing," etc., going through this process rids us of the temptation to look for a peculiar act of thinking, independent of the act of expressing our thoughts, and stowed away in some particular medium. (Wittgenstein, 1958, pp. 41-43)

   3) The Experimental Differentiation of Concrete and Propositional Operations

   Analyse the proofs employed by the subject. If they do not go beyond observation of empirical correspondences, they can be fully explained in terms of concrete operations, and nothing would warrant our assuming that more complex thought mechanisms are operating. If, on the other hand, the subject interprets a given correspondence as the result of any one of several possible combinations, and this leads him to verify his hypotheses by observing their consequences, we know that propositional operations are involved. (Inhelder & Piaget, 1958, p. 279)

   4) In Every Age, Philosophical Thinking Exploits Some Dominant Concepts

   In every age, philosophical thinking exploits some dominant concepts and makes its greatest headway in solving problems conceived in terms of them. The seventeenth- and eighteenth-century philosophers construed knowledge, knower, and known in terms of sense data and their association. Descartes' self-examination gave classical psychology the mind and its contents as a starting point. Locke set up sensory immediacy as the new criterion of the real... Hobbes provided the genetic method of building up complex ideas from simple ones... and, in another quarter, still true to the Hobbesian method, Pavlov built intellect out of conditioned reﬂexes and Loeb built life out of tropisms. (S. Langer, 1962, p. 54)

   5) The Experimental Differentiation of Deductive and Inductive Reasoning

   Experiments on deductive reasoning show that subjects are inﬂuenced sufficiently by their experience for their reasoning to differ from that described by a purely deductive system, whilst experiments on inductive reasoning lead to the view that an understanding of the strategies used by adult subjects in attaining concepts involves reference to higher-order concepts of a logical and deductive nature. (Bolton, 1972, p. 154)

   6) The Power of Machine Thought

   There are now machines in the world that think, that learn and create. Moreover, their ability to do these things is going to increase rapidly until-in the visible future-the range of problems they can handle will be coextensive with the range to which the human mind has been applied. (Newell & Simon, quoted in Weizenbaum, 1976, p. 138)

   7) Thinking Is Sometimes Accompanied by Action and Sometimes Not

   But how does it happen that thinking is sometimes accompanied by action and sometimes not, sometimes by motion, and sometimes not? It looks as if almost the same thing happens as in the case of reasoning and making inferences about unchanging objects. But in that case the end is a speculative proposition... whereas here the conclusion which results from the two premises is an action.... I need covering; a cloak is a covering. I need a cloak. What I need, I have to make; I need a cloak. I have to make a cloak. And the conclusion, the "I have to make a cloak," is an action. (Nussbaum, 1978, p. 40)

   8) The Growth of Philosophy

   It is well to remember that when philosophy emerged in Greece in the sixth century, B.C., it did not burst suddenly out of the Mediterranean blue. The development of societies of reasoning creatures-what we call civilization-had been a process to be measured not in thousands but in millions of years. Human beings became civilized as they became reasonable, and for an animal to begin to reason and to learn how to improve its reasoning is a long, slow process. So thinking had been going on for ages before Greece-slowly improving itself, uncovering the pitfalls to be avoided by forethought, endeavoring to weigh alternative sets of consequences intellectually. What happened in the sixth century, B.C., is that thinking turned round on itself; people began to think about thinking, and the momentous event, the culmination of the long process to that point, was in fact the birth of philosophy. (Lipman, Sharp & Oscanyan, 1980, p. xi)

   9) Thought Is, in Great Part, a Public Activity

   The way to look at thought is not to assume that there is a parallel thread of correlated affects or internal experiences that go with it in some regular way. It's not of course that people don't have internal experiences, of course they do; but that when you ask what is the state of mind of someone, say while he or she is performing a ritual, it's hard to believe that such experiences are the same for all people involved.... The thinking, and indeed the feeling in an odd sort of way, is really going on in public. They are really saying what they're saying, doing what they're doing, meaning what they're meaning. Thought is, in great part anyway, a public activity. (Geertz, quoted in J. Miller, 1983, pp. 202-203)

    10) In Thinking, Everything Needs to Be Made as Simple as Possible

   Everything should be made as simple as possible, but not simpler. (Einstein, quoted in Minsky, 1986, p. 17)

    11) The Conditions for the Construction of Formal Thought

   What, in effect, are the conditions for the construction of formal thought? The child must not only apply operations to objects-in other words, mentally execute possible actions on them-he must also "reﬂect" those operations in the absence of the objects which are replaced by pure propositions. Thus, "reﬂection" is thought raised to the second power. Concrete thinking is the representation of a possible action, and formal thinking is the representation of a representation of possible action.... It is not surprising, therefore, that the system of concrete operations must be completed during the last years of childhood before it can be "reﬂected" by formal operations. In terms of their function, formal operations do not differ from concrete operations except that they are applied to hypotheses or propositions [whose logic is] an abstract translation of the system of "inference" that governs concrete operations. (Piaget, quoted in Minsky, 1986, p. 237)

    12) Language Enables the Rehearsal of Thought and, Thereby, Commitment to Long- Term Memory

   [E]ven a human being today (hence, a fortiori, a remote ancestor of contemporary human beings) cannot easily or ordinarily maintain uninterrupted attention on a single problem for more than a few tens of seconds. Yet we work on problems that require vastly more time. The way we do that (as we can observe by watching ourselves) requires periods of mulling to be followed by periods of recapitulation, describing to ourselves what seems to have gone on during the mulling, leading to whatever intermediate results we have reached. This has an obvious function: namely, by rehearsing these interim results... we commit them to memory, for the immediate contents of the stream of consciousness are very quickly lost unless rehearsed.... Given language, we can describe to ourselves what seemed to occur during the mulling that led to a judgment, produce a rehearsable version of the reaching-a-judgment process, and commit that to long-term memory by in fact rehearsing it. (Margolis, 1987, p. 60)

Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Thinking
13 retrouver

retrouver [ʀ(ə)tʀuve]

➭ TABLE 1

1. transitive verb

   a. ( = récupérer) to find

• retrouver son chemin to find one's way again

• on les a retrouvés vivants they were found alive

• après sa maladie, il a retrouvé son poste he got his job back again after his illness

   b. ( = se remémorer) to remember

• je ne retrouve plus son nom I can't remember his name

   c. ( = revoir) [+ personne] to meet again

• je l'ai retrouvé par hasard en Italie I met him again by chance in Italy

   d. ( = rejoindre) to join

• je vous retrouve à 5 heures au Café de la Poste I'll join you at 5 o'clock at the Café de la Poste

   e. [+ forces, santé, calme] to regain ; [+ joie, foi] to find again

• retrouver le sommeil to get back to sleep again

   f. [+ secret] to rediscover ; [+ article en vente, situation, poste] to find again

• je voudrais retrouver des rideaux de la même couleur I'd like to find curtains in the same colour again

• retrouver du travail to find work again

   g. ( = reconnaître) to recognize

• je n'ai pas retrouvé le village que je connaissais I didn't recognize the village I had known

   h. ( = rencontrer) to find

• on retrouve sans cesse les mêmes thèmes dans ses romans the same themes are found everywhere in his novels

2. reflexive verb

► se retrouver

   a. ( = se réunir) to meet ; ( = se revoir après une absence) to meet again

• après le travail, ils se sont tous retrouvés au café after work they all met in the café

• ils se sont retrouvés par hasard à Paris they met again by chance in Paris

• on se retrouvera ! (menace) I'll get even with you!

   b. ( = être de nouveau) to find o.s. back

• se retrouver dans la même situation to find o.s. back in the same situation

• se retrouver seul to be left on one's own

   c. ( = finir) il s'est retrouvé en prison/dans le fossé he ended up in prison/in the ditch

   d. ( = faire un retour sur soi-même) to find o.s. again

   e. ( = être présent) ces caractéristiques se retrouvent aussi chez les cervidés these characteristics are also found in the deer family

   f. ► s'y retrouver ( = faire un bénéfice) to make a profit ; ( = trouver son chemin) to find one's way

• on s'y retrouve ( = on ne perd pas d'argent) we are not out of pocket

• tout le monde s'y retrouve (dans un partage, une négociation) nobody loses out

• je ne m'y retrouve plus (dans des dossiers) I'm completely lost ; (dans un désordre) I can't find anything

• comment le consommateur peut-il s'y retrouver avec tous ces étiquetages ? how can the consumer cope with all these different labels?

* * *
ʀətʀuve
1.

verbe transitif

1) ( ce qui était perdu) to find [sac, cadavre, fugitif]

retrouver son chemin — to find one's way

2) ( trouver à nouveau) to find [something] again [travail, objet]; to come across [something] again [thème]

3) ( redécouvrir) to rediscover [technique, recette]

4) ( recouvrer) to get [something] back [assurance]; to regain, to recover [force, santé]

retrouver son sang-froid — to regain one's composure

il a retrouvé le sourire — he's smiling again

retrouver le sommeil — to be able to sleep again

5) ( se rappeler) to remember [nom, air]

6) ( revoir) to meet [somebody] again [connaissance]; ( regagner) to be back in [lieu]

7) ( reconnaître) to recognize [personne, trait, style]

je retrouve sa mère en elle — I can see her mother in her

on le retrouve dans cette œuvre — you can see his hand in this work

quand tu souris, je te retrouve — that's more like you to be smiling

8) ( rejoindre) to join, to meet [personne]

je te retrouverai! — ( menace) I'll get my own back on you!

2.

se retrouver verbe pronominal

1) ( se réunir) to meet; ( se voir de nouveau) to meet again

on se retrouvera devant le cinéma — let's meet (up) outside the cinema

de temps en temps on se retrouve entre amis — we get together with a few friends once in a while

on s'est retrouvé en famille — the family got together

2) ( être) to find oneself

se retrouver enceinte — to find oneself pregnant

se retrouver orphelin/sans argent/seul — to be left an orphan/penniless/on one's own

se retrouver confronté à — to be faced with

se retrouver à l'hôpital — to end up in hospital

se retrouver au même point — to be back to square one

3) ( s'orienter)

se or s'y retrouver dans — lit to find one's way around in [lieu, fouillis]; fig to follow [explication]

tu t'y retrouves entre tous ces emplois/amants? — can you cope with all these jobs/lovers?

il y a trop de changements, on ne s'y retrouve plus — there are too many changes, we don't know if we're coming or going

4) (colloq) ( rentrer dans ses frais)

s'y retrouver — to break even; ( faire un bénéfice) to do well

5) ( être présent) [personne, qualité] to be found; [problème] to occur

le même amour de la musique se retrouve chez les deux enfants — both children have the same love of music

6) ( se reconnaître)

se retrouver dans quelqu'un/quelque chose — to see ou recognize oneself in somebody/something

••

un de perdu, dix de retrouvés — there are plenty more fish in the sea

* * *
ʀ(ə)tʀuve vt
1) [objet perdu, personne disparue] to find

J'ai retrouvé mon portefeuille. — I've found my wallet.

2) [occasion, travail] to find another

3) [calme, santé] to regain

4) (= reconnaître) [expression, style] to recognize

5) (= revoir) to see again

6) (= rejoindre) to meet

Je te retrouve au café à trois heures. — I'll meet you at the café at 3 o'clock.

* * *

retrouver verb table: aimer

A vtr

1 ( ce qui était perdu) to find [sac, chien, cadavre, fugitif]; retrouver son chemin to find one's way; retrouver qn vivant to find sb alive;

2 ( trouver à nouveau) to find [sth] again [travail, conditions, objet]; to come across [sth] again [idée, thème]; je voudrais retrouver le même tissu I would like to find the same fabric again; on retrouve ce thème dans votre dernier roman we come across this theme again in your last novel;

3 ( redécouvrir) to rediscover [formule, technique, recette];

4 ( recouvrer) to get [sth] back [assurance]; to regain, to recover [force, santé]; retrouver son sang-froid to regain one's composure; il a retrouvé le sourire he's smiling again; ton teint a retrouvé son éclat your skin has got GB ou gotten US its natural radiance back; retrouver le sommeil ( après s'être réveillé) to get back to sleep; ( après période d'insomnie) to be able to sleep again;

5 ( se rappeler) to remember [nom, air, code secret];

6 ( revoir) to meet [sb] again [connaissance]; to see [sth] again, to be back in [lieu]; ( regagner) to be back in [lieu]; un ami que j'ai retrouvé 20 ans après a friend I met again after 20 years; j'ai hâte de retrouver Paris/ma maison I can't wait to be back in Paris/to be back home; il avait laissé un enfant, il retrouva un homme he had left a child and returned to find a man; retrouver les choses telles qu'elles étaient to find things as they were;

7 ( reconnaître) to recognize [personne, trait, style]; je retrouve sa mère en elle I can see her mother in her; on le retrouve dans cette œuvre you can see his hand in this work; quand tu souris, je te retrouve that's more like you to be smiling;

8 ( rejoindre) to join, to meet [personne]; viens nous retrouver à la plage come and join us on the beach; je vous retrouverai plus tard I'll join ou meet you later; je te retrouve pour déjeuner? shall I meet you for lunch?; je te retrouverai! ( menace) I'll get my own back on you!

B se retrouver vpr

1 ( se réunir) to meet; ( se voir de nouveau) to meet again; on se retrouvera devant le cinéma let's meet (up) outside the cinema; on se retrouvera l'an prochain we'll meet again next year; de temps en temps on se retrouve entre amis we get together with a few friends once in a while; on s'est retrouvé en famille the family got together; comme on se retrouve! fancy seeing you here!; on se retrouvera!, nous nous retrouverons! ( menace) I'll get my own back on you!;

2 ( être) to find oneself; se retrouver couché par terre/coincé to find oneself lying on the floor/trapped; se retrouver enceinte to find oneself pregnant; se retrouver à la tête d'une entreprise to find oneself at the head of a company; se retrouver nez à nez avec qch/qn to find oneself face to face with sth/sb; se retrouver orphelin/veuf/sans argent to be left an orphan/a widower/penniless; se retrouver confronté à to be faced with; se retrouver seul to be left on one's own; se retrouver à l'hôpital/au chômage/en prison to end up in hospital/unemployed/in prison; je me retrouve toujours en bout de table/dernier I always end up at the far end of the table/last; se retrouver au même point to be back to square one;

3 ( s'orienter) se or s'y retrouver dans lit to find one's way around in [lieu, fouillis]; fig to follow, to understand [explication]; tu t'y retrouves entre tous ces emplois/amants? can you cope with all these jobs/lovers?; il y a trop de changements, on ne s'y retrouve plus there are too many changes, we don't know if we're coming or going;

4 ○( rentrer dans ses frais) s'y retrouver to break even; ( faire un bénéfice) to do well; je m'y retrouve très bien en étant indépendante I'm doing very well as a freelance;

5 ( être présent) [personne, qualité] to be found; [problème] to occur; cet instinct se retrouve chez tous les animaux it's an instinct found in all animals; ce type de construction syntaxique se retrouve en français the same syntactic construction exists ou is found in French; le même amour de la musique se retrouve chez les deux enfants both children have the same love of music;

6 ( se reconnaître) se retrouver dans qn/qch to see ou recognize oneself in sb/sth; se retrouver dans ses enfants to see oneself in one's children.

Idiome

un de perdu, dix de retrouvés there are plenty more fish in the sea.

[rətruve] verbe transitif

1. [clés, lunettes] to find (again)

je ne le retrouve plus I can't find it

a-t-elle retrouvé sa clef?

a. [elle-même] did she find her key?

b. [grâce à autrui] did she get her key back?

retrouver un poste to find a (new) job

retrouver son (ancien) poste to get one's (old) job back

retrouver son chemin to find one's way (again)

là vous retrouvez la Nationale that's where you join up with the main road

[après un changement] to find

retrouver tout propre/sens dessus dessous to find everything clean/upside down

retrouver quelqu'un affaibli/changé to find somebody weaker/a different person

2. [ami, parent] to be reunited with, to meet up with (inseparable) (again)

[voleur] to catch up with (inseparable) (again), to find

et que je ne vous retrouve pas ici! don't let me catch you (around) here again!

celle-là, je la retrouverai I'll get even with her (one day)

[revoir par hasard] to come across (inseparable) (again), to run into (inseparable) again

[rejoindre] to meet up with again

retrouve-moi en bas meet me downstairs

3. [se rappeler] to remember, to recall (soutenu)

ça y est, j'ai retrouvé le mot! that's it, the word's come back to me now!

4. [redécouvrir - secret, parchemin, formule] to uncover

5. [jouir à nouveau de] to enjoy again

à partir de la semaine prochaine nous allons retrouver nos émissions littéraires our book programmes will be back on as from next week

nous avons retrouvé notre petite plage/maison here we are back on our little beach/in our little house

retrouver son calme to regain one's composure

retrouver l'appétit/ses forces/sa santé to get one's appetite/strength/health back

retrouver la forme to get fit again, to be back on form

retrouver la foi to find (one's) faith again

retrouver la mémoire to get one's memory back again

retrouver le sommeil to go back to sleep

il a retrouvé le sourire he's smiling again now, he's found his smile again

j'avais retrouvé mes vingt ans I felt twenty years old again

le bonheur/l'amour retrouvé new-found happiness/love

6. [reconnaître] to recognize, to trace

on retrouve les mêmes propriétés dans les polymères the same properties are to be found in polymers

enfin, je te retrouve! I'm glad to see you're back to your old self again!

————————

se retrouver verbe pronominal (emploi réciproque)

1. [avoir rendez-vous] to meet (one another)

2. [se réunir] to get together

3. [se rencontrer à nouveau] to meet again

on se retrouvera, mon bonhomme! (familier) I'll get even with you, chum!

comme on se retrouve! fancy meeting you here!, well, well, well, look who's here!

————————

se retrouver verbe pronominal intransitif

1. [être de nouveau] to find oneself back (again)

se retrouver dans la même situation (qu'avant) to find oneself back in the same situation (as before)

2. [par hasard] to end up

à quarante ans, il s'est retrouvé veuf he (suddenly) found himself a widower at forty

tu vas te retrouver à l'hôpital you'll end up in hospital

3. [se repérer] to find one's way

je ne m'y retrouve plus dans tous ces formulaires à remplir I can't make head or tail of all these forms to fill in

s'y retrouver

a. [résoudre un problème] to sort things out

b. [faire un bénéfice] to make a profit

4. [se ressourcer] to find oneself again, to go back to one's roots

Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > retrouver
14 capio

1.
căpĭo, cepi, captum (old fut. perf. capso, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 61: capsit, Enn. ap. Non. p. 66, 27, or Ann. v. 324 Vahl.; Plaut. Ps. 4, 3, 6; Att. ap. Non. p. 483, 12, or Trag. Rel. v. 454 Rib.; Paul. ex. Fest. p. 57 Mull.:
capsimus,
Plaut. Rud. 2, 1, 15: capsis, acc. to Cic. Or. 45, 154, = cape si vis, but this is an error; cf. Quint. 1, 5, 66; old perf. cepet, Col. Rostr. 5; v. Wordsworth, Fragm. and Spec. p. 170), 3, v. a. [cf. kôpê, handle; Lat. capulum; Engl. haft; Germ. Heft; Sanscr. root hri-, take; cf. Gr. cheir, Engl. and Germ. hand, and Goth. hinthan, seize].
I.
Lit.
A.
In gen., to take in hand, take hold of, lay hold of, take, seize, grasp (cf.:
sumo, prehendo): si hodie hercule fustem cepero aut stimulum in manum,
Plaut. Aul. 1, 1, 9:
cape hoc flabellum,
Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 47:
cepit manibus tympanum,
Cat. 6, 3, 8:
tu, genitor, cape sacra manu patriosque Penatis,
Verg. A. 2, 717:
cape saxa manu, cape robora, pastor,
id. G. 3, 420:
flammeum,
Cat. 61, 8:
acria pocula,
Hor. S. 2, 6, 69:
lora,
Prop. 3 (4), 9, 57:
baculum,
Ov. M. 2, 789:
colum cum calathis,
id. ib. 12, 475:
florem ternis digitis,
Plin. 24, 10, 48, § 81:
pignera,
Liv. 3, 38, 12; Dig. 48, 13, 9, § 6; Gai Inst. 4, 29:
ut is in cavea pignus capiatur togae,
Plaut. Am. prol. 68: rem manu, Gai Inst. 1, 121:
rem pignori,
Dig. 42, 1, 15, § 7; cf. ib. 42, 1, 15, § 4:
scutum laeva,
Plin. 33, 1, 4, § 13:
capias tu illius vestem,
Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 79: cape vorsoriam, seize the sheet, i. e. take a tack, turn about, Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 19.—Very freq. of arms (cf. sumo); so in gen.: arma, to take up arms, i. e. engage in war or battle, Cic. Rab. Perd. 7, 20 sq.; 9, 27; 11, 31; id. Planc. 36, 88; id. Phil. 4, 3, 7; Caes. B.G. 5, 26; 7, 4; Sall. C. 27, 4; 30, 1; 33, 2; 52, 27; id. J. 38, 5; 102, 12; Ov. M. 3, 115 sq.; 12, 91; 13, 221;
and of particular weapons: ensem,
Ov. M. 13, 435:
tela,
id. ib. 3, 307; 5, 366 et saep.—Of food, to take, partake of:
quicum una cibum Capere soleo,
Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 61; Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 77; Sall. J. 91, 2:
lauti cibum capiunt,
Tac. G. 22.—
B.
In partic.
1.
Of living objects.
a.
To take into possession, take captive, seize, make prisoner.
(α).
Of persons:
oppidum expugnavimus, et legiones Teleboarum vi pugnando cepimus,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 258: summus ibi capitur meddix, occiditur alter, Enn. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 123 Mull. (Ann. v. 296 Vahl.):
quoniam belli nefarios duces captos jam et comprehensos tenetis,
Cic. Cat. 3, 7, 16:
ibi Orgetorigis filia atque unus e filiis captus est,
Caes. B. G. 1, 26:
reges capiuntur,
Lucr. 4, 1013; Tac. A. 4, 33:
capta eo proelio tria milia peditum dicuntur,
Liv. 22, 49, 18:
quos Byzantii ceperat,
Nep. Paus. 2, 3; id. Alcib. 9, 2; id. Dat. 2, 5; Quint. 6, 3, 61:
captos ostendere civibus hostes,
Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 33:
captus Tarento Livius,
Cic. Brut. 18, 72:
servus ex hoste captus,
Quint. 5, 10, 67.—Hence, P. a. as subst.: captus, i, m., = captivus, a prisoner, captive:
in captos clementia uti,
Nep. Alcib. 5, 7:
inludere capto,
Verg. A. 2, 64:
quae sit fiducia capto,
id. ib. 2, 75:
ex captorum numero,
Liv. 28, 39, 10; Tac. A. 6, 1; 12, 37; 15, 1.—Also, capta, ae, f., a female captive:
dicam hanc esse captam ex Caria, Ditem ac nobilem,
Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 47.—
(β).
Of animals, birds, fish, etc., to catch, hunt down, take: quid hic venatu non cepit? Varr. ap. Non. p. 253, 31:
si ab avibus capiundis auceps dicatur, debuisse ajunt ex piscibus capiundis, ut aucupem, sic piscicupem dici,
id. L. L. 8, § 61 Mull.:
hic jaculo pisces, illa capiuntur ab hamis,
Ov. A. A. 1, 763:
neque quicquam captum'st piscium,
Plaut. Rud. 2, 1, 12; cf.:
nisi quid concharum capsimus,
id. ib. v. 18; Cic. Off. 3, 14, 58; Plin. 33, 1, 6, § 27: acipenserem, Cic. ap. Macr. S. 2, 12:
cervum,
Phaedr. 1, 5, 5; cf.:
hic (Nereus) tibi prius vinclis capiendus,
Verg. G. 4, 396.—
b.
To win, captivate, charm, allure, enchain, enslave, fascinate; mostly with abl. of means: Ph. Amore ardeo. Pa. Quid agas? nisi ut te redimas captum quam queas Minumo, Ter. Eun. 1, 1, 29:
quod insit in iis aliquid probi, quod capiat ignaros,
Cic. Off. 3, 3, 15: [p. 284] animum adulescentis... pellexit eis omnibus rebus, quibus illa aetas capi ac deleniri potest, id. Clu. 5, 13:
quamvis voluptate capiatur,
id. Off. 1, 30, 105; Quint. 5, 11, 19:
quem quidem adeo sua cepit humanitate,
Nep. Alcib. 9, 3:
secum habuit Pomponium, captus adulescentis et humanitate et doctrina,
id. Att. 4, 1:
nec bene promeritis capitur (deus), nec tangitur ira,
Lucr. 2, 651: ut pictura poesis;
erit quae si propius stes Te capiat magis, et quaedam si longius abstes,
Hor. A. P. 362:
hunc capit argenti splendor,
id. S. 1, 4, 28:
te conjux aliena capit,
id. ib. 2, 7, 46:
Cynthia prima suis miserum me cepit ocellis,
Prop. 1, 1, 1:
carmine formosae, pretio capiuntur avarae,
Tib. 3, 1, 7:
munditiis capimur,
Ov. A. A. 3, 133; id. M. 4, 170; 6, 465; 7, 802; 8, 124; 8, 435; 9, 511; 10, 529;
14, 373: amore captivae victor captus,
Liv. 30, 12, 18:
dulcedine vocis,
Ov. M. 1, 709; 11, 170:
voce nova,
id. ib. 1, 678:
temperie aquarum,
id. ib. 4, 344:
(bos) herba captus viridi,
Verg. E. 6, 59:
amoenitate loci,
Tac. A. 18, 52:
auro,
Hor. C. 2, 18, 36:
neque honoris neque pecuniae dulcedine sum captus,
Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 2:
splendore hominis,
id. Fin. 1, 13, 42: ne oculis quidem captis in hanc fraudem decidisti;
nam id concupisti quod numquam videras,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 45, § 102.—
c.
To cheat, seduce, deceive, mislead, betray, delude, catch:
sapientis hanc vim esse maximam, cavere ne capiatur, ne fallatur videre,
Cic. Ac. 2, 20, 66:
injurium autem'st ulcisci advorsarios? Aut qua via te captent eadem ipsos capi?
Ter. Hec. 1, 1, 16: uti ne propter te fidemque tuam captus fraudatusque sim, form. ap. Cic. Off. 3, 17, 70:
eodem captus errore quo nos,
involved in the same error, Cic. Phil. 12, 2, 6; id. ap. Non. p. 253, 25; cf.:
ne quo errore milites caperentur,
Liv. 8, 6, 16:
capere ante dolis Reginam,
Verg. A. 1, 673:
captique dolis lacrimisque coactis (Sinonis),
id. ib. 2, 196:
ubi me eisdem dolis non quit capere,
Sall. J. 14, 11:
adulescentium animi molles et aetate fluxi dolis haud difficulter capiebantur,
id. C. 14, 5:
capi alicujus dolo,
Nep. Dat. 10, 1:
dolum ad capiendos eos conparant,
Liv. 23, 35, 2:
quas callida Colchis (i.e. Medea) amicitiae mendacis imagine cepit,
Ov. M. 7, 301.—
d.
To defeat, convict, overcome in a suit or dispute (rare):
tu si me impudicitiae captas, non potes capere,
Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 189:
tu caves ne tui consultores, ille ne urbes aut castra capiantur (cf. B. 2. b. infra),
Cic. Mur. 9, 22:
callidus et in capiendo adversario versutus (orator),
id. Brut. 48, 178.—
e.
To deprive one of his powers or faculties, to harm.
(α).
Of the physical powers, to lame, mutilate, maim, impair or weaken in the limbs, senses, etc. (only pass. capi, and esp. in part. perf. captus):
mancus et membris omnibus captus ac debilis,
Cic. Rab. Perd. 7, 21:
ipse Hannibal... altero oculo capitur,
loses an eye, Liv. 22, 2, 11:
captus omnibus membris,
id. 2, 36, 8:
capti auribus et oculis metu omnes torpere,
id. 21, 58, 5:
oculis membrisque captus,
Plin. 33, 4, 24, § 83:
congerantur in unum omnia, ut idem oculis et auribus captus sit,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 40, 117:
si captus oculis sit, ut Tiresias fuit,
id. Div. 2, 3, 9; Verg. G. 1, 183:
habuit filium captum altero oculo,
Suet. Vit. 6:
censorem Appium deum ira post aliquot annos luminibus captum,
Liv. 9, 29, 11; Val. Max. 1, 1, 17:
lumine,
Ov. F. 6, 204:
princeps pedibus captus,
Liv. 43, 7, 5; cf.:
captum leto posuit caput,
Verg. A. 11, 830;
and of the mole: aut oculis capti fodere cubilia talpae,
id. G. 1, 183.—
(β).
Of the mental powers, to deprive of sense or intellect; only in part. perf. captus, usu. agreeing with pers. subj., and with abl. mente, silly, insane, crazy, crazed, lunatic, mad:
labi, decipi tam dedecet quam delirare et mente esse captum,
Cic. Off. 1, 27, 94:
vino aut somno oppressi aut mente capti,
id. Ac. 2, 17, 53; Quint. 8, 3, 4;
rarely mentibu' capti,
Lucr. 4, 1022; so,
animo,
Sen. Herc. Fur. 107; very rarely with gen.:
captus animi,
Tac. H. 3, 73.— Absol.:
virgines captae furore,
Liv. 24, 26, 12.—Less freq. agreeing with mens or animus:
viros velut mente capta cum jactatione fanatica corporis vaticinari,
Liv. 39, 13, 12:
captis magis mentibus, quam consceleratis similis visa,
id. 8, 18, 11; cf.:
capti et stupentes animi,
id. 6, 36, 8.—
f.
To choose, select, elect, take, pick out, adopt, accept a person for a particular purpose or to sustain a particular office or relation:
de istac sum judex captus,
Plaut. Merc. 4, 3, 33:
Aricini atque Ardeates de ambiguo agro... judicem populum Romanum cepere,
Liv. 3, 71, 2:
me cepere arbitrum,
Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 91:
te mihi patronam capio, Thais,
id. Eun. 5, 2, 48:
quom illum generum cepimus,
id. Hec. 4, 1, 22; cf.:
non, si capiundos mihi sciam esse inimicos omnis homines,
make them enemies thereby, id. And. 4, 2, 12:
si quis magistrum cepit ad eam rem inprobum,
id. ib. 1, 2, 21.—So the formula of the Pontifex Maximus, in the consecration of a vestal virgin: sacerdotem Vestalem, quae sacra faciat... ita te, Amata, capio, Fab. Pict. ap. Gell. 1, 12, 14; cf.:
plerique autem capi virginem solam debere dici putant, sed flamines quoque Diales, item pontifices et augures capi dicebantur,
Gell. 1, 12, 15:
jam ne ea causa pontifex capiar?... ecquis me augurem capiat? Cat. ib. § 17: Amata inter capiendum a pontifice maximo appellatur, quoniam, quae prima capta est, hoc fuisse nomen traditum est, Gell. ib. § 19: rettulit Caesar capiendam virginem in locum Occiae,
Tac. A. 2, 86; 4, 16; 15, 22:
religio, quae in annos singulos Jovis sacerdotem sortito capi jubeat,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 51, § 127:
C. Flaccus flamen captus a P. Licinio pontifice maximo erat,
Liv. 27, 8, 5 Weissenb. ad loc.—
2.
Of places.
a.
To occupy, choose, select, take possession of, enter into; mostly milit. t. t., to take up a position, select a place for a camp, etc.:
loca capere, castra munire,
Caes. B. G. 3, 23:
castris locum capere,
Liv. 9, 17, 15; Suet. Aug. 94 fin.:
locum capere castris,
Quint. 12, 2, 5:
ut non fugiendi hostis, sed capiendi loci causa cessisse videar,
Cic. de Or. 2, 72, 294:
ad Thebanos transfugere velle, et locum extra urbem editum capere,
Nep. Ages. 6, 2:
nocte media profectus, ut locum quem vellet, priusquam hostes sentirent, caperet,
Liv. 34, 14, 1:
neminem elegantius loca cepisse, praesidia disposuisse,
id. 35, 14, 9:
erat autem Philopoemen praecipuae in ducendo agmine locisque capiendis solertiae atque usus,
id. 35, 28, 1:
locum cepere paulo quam alii editiorem,
Sall. J. 58, 3:
duces, ut quisque locum ceperat, cedere singulos,
Dict. Cret. 2, 46; so,
of position on the battle-field: quod mons suberat, eo se recipere coeperunt. Capto monte, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 1, 25:
tenuit non solum ales captam semelsedem, sed, etc.,
Liv. 7, 26, 5:
quem quis in pugnando ceperat locum, eum amissa anima corpore tegebat,
Flor. 4, 1; Sall. C. 61, 2; rarely with dat. of pers.:
tumulum suis cepit,
Liv. 31, 41, 9, for a tomb: LOCVM SIBI MONVMENTO CEPIT. Inscr. Grut. 346, 6;
for taking the auspices' se (Gracchum) cum legeret libros, recordatum esse, vitio sibi tabernaculum captum fuisse,
Cic. N. D. 2, 4, 11; cf.:
Palatium Romulus, Remus Aventinum ad inaugurandum templa capiunt,
Liv. 1, 6, 4;
for refuge: omnes Samnitium copiae montes proximos fuga capiunt,
id. 9, 43, 20:
Anchises natum Conventus trahit in medios... Et tumulum capit,
Verg. A. 6, 753; 12, 562:
ante locum capies oculis ( = eliges),
Verg. G. 2, 230 Serv. ad loc.: nunc terras ordine longo Aut capere aut captas jam despectare videntur (cycni), to select places on which to light, or to be just settling down on places already selected, id. A. 1, 396 Forbig. ad loc.—
b.
To take by force, capture, storm, reduce, conquer, seize:
invadam extemplo in oppidum antiquom: Si id capso, etc.,
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 61: oppidum vi, Cat. ap. Charis. 2, p. 191 P.:
MACELLAM OPPVGNANDO,
Col. Rostr. Inscr. Orell. 549:
CORSICAM,
Inscr. Orell. 551: oppida, Enn. ap. Prisc. 9, p. 868 P. (Ann. v. 487 Vahl.):
ad alia oppida pergit, pauca repugnantibus Numidis capit,
Sall. J. 92, 3; Prop. 3, 4 (4, 3), 16:
Troja capta,
Liv. 1, 1, 1; Hor. S. 2, 3, 191: Coriolos. Liv. 3, 71, 7:
urbem opulentissimam,
id. 5, 20, 1:
ante oppidum Nolam fortissuma Samnitium castra cepit,
Cic. Div. 1, 33, 72:
castra hostium,
Nep. Dat. 6, 7:
concursu oppidanorum facto scalis vacua defensoribus moenia capi possent,
Liv. 42, 63, 6:
plurimas hostium vestrorum in Hispania urbes,
id. 28, 39, 10:
sedem belli,
Vell. 2, 74, 3; cf. Cic. Mur. 9, 22 (B. 1. d. supra).— Trop.:
oppressa captaque re publica,
Cic. Dom. 10, 26: qui, bello averso ab hostibus, patriam suam cepissent, Liv. 3, 50, 15.—
c.
To reach, attain, arrive at, betake one ' s self to (mostly by ships, etc.):
insulam capere non potuerant,
Caes. B. G. 4, 26 fin.:
onerariae duae eosdem quos reliqui portus capere non potuerunt,
id. ib. 4, 36:
accidit uti, ex iis (navibus) perpaucae locum caperent,
id. ib. 5, 23:
nostrae naves, cum ignorarent, quem locum reliquae cepissent,
id. B. C. 3, 28: praemiis magnis propositis, qui primus insulam cepisset, Auct. B. Alex. 17.— Trop.:
qui... tenere cursum possint et capere otii illum portum et dignitatis,
Cic. Sest. 46, 99.—
3.
Of things of value, property, money, etc.
a.
In gen., to take, seize, wrest, receive, obtain, acquire, get, etc.:
AVRVM, ARGENTVM,
Col. Rostr. Inscr. Orell. 549:
de praedonibus praedam capere,
Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 14:
agros de hostibus,
Cic. Dom. 49, 128:
ut ager ex hostibus captus viritim divideretur,
Liv. 4, 48, 2:
quinqueremem una cum defensoribus remigibusque, Auct. B. Alex. 16, 7: naves,
Nep. Con. 4, 4:
classem,
id. Cim. 2, 2:
magnas praedas,
id. Dat. 10, 2:
ex hostibus pecuniam,
Liv. 5, 20, 5; cf.:
e nostris spolia cepit laudibus, Cic. poet. Tusc. 2, 9, 22: signum ex Macedonia,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 58, § 149:
signum pulcherrimum Carthagine captum,
id. ib. 2, 4, 38, §
82: sed eccam ipsa egreditur, nostri fundi calamitas: nam quod nos capere oportet, haec intercipit,
Ter. Eun. 1, 1, 35:
cape cedo,
id. Phorm. 5, 8, 57:
ut reliqui fures, earum rerum quas ceperunt, signa commutant,
Cic. Fin. 5, 25, 74:
majores nostri non solum id, quod de Campanis (agri) ceperant, non imminuerunt, etc.,
id. Agr. 2, 29, 81:
te duce ut insigni capiam cum laude coronam,
Lucr. 6, 95.—With abstr. objects:
paupertatem adeo facile perpessus est, ut de republica nihil praeter gloriam ceperit,
Nep. Epam. 3, 4:
ut ceteri, qui per eum aut honores aut divitias ceperant,
id. Att. 7, 2:
quoniam formam hujus cepi in me et statum,
assumed, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 110:
quare non committeret, ut is locus ex calamitate populi Romani nomen caperet,
Caes. B. G. 1, 13:
regnum Tiberinus ab illis Cepit,
succeeded to, Ov. M. 14, 615.—
b.
In particular connections.
(α).
With pecuniam (freq. joined with concilio; v. infra), to take illegally, exact, extort, accept a bribe. take blackmail, etc., esp. of magistrates who were accused de pecuniis repetundis:
his ego judicibus non probabo C. Verrem contra leges pecuniam cepisse?
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 4, § 10:
HS. quadringentiens cepisse te arguo contra leges,
id. ib. 2, 2, 10, § 26; cf.:
quicquid ab horum quopiam captum est,
id. ib. §
27: tamen hae pecuniae per vim atque injuriam tuam captae et conciliatae tibi fraudi et damnationi esse deberent,
id. ib. 2, 3, 40, §
91: utrum (potestis), cum judices sitis de pecunia capta conciliata, tantam pecuniam captam neglegere?
id. ib. 2, 3, 94, §
218: quid est aliud capere conciliare pecunias. si hoc non est vi atque imperio cogere invitos lucrum dare alteri?
id. ib. 2, 3, 30, §
71: sequitur de captis pecuniis et de ambitu,
id. Leg. 3, 20, 46:
ita aperte cepit pecunias ob rem judicandam, ut, etc.,
id. Fin. 2, 16, 54:
quos censores furti et captarum pecuniarum nomine notaverunt,
id. Clu. 42, 120:
nondum commemoro rapinas, non exactas pecunias, non captas, non imperatas,
id. Pis. 16, 38:
si quis ob rem judicandam pecuniam cepisset... neque solum hoc genus pecuniae capiendae turpe, sed etiam nefarium esse arbitrabantur,
id. Rab. Post. 7, 16; id. N. D. 3, 30, 70; Sall. J. 32, 1:
ab regibus Illyriorum,
Liv. 42, 45, 8:
saevitiae captarumque pecuniarum teneri reum,
Tac. A. 3, 67; 4, 31.—
(β).
Of inheritance and bequest, to take, inherit, obtain, acquire, get, accept:
si ex hereditate nihil ceperit,
Cic. Off, 3, 24, 93:
qui morte testamentove ejus tantundem capiat quantum omnes heredes,
id. Leg. 2, 19, 48:
abdicatus ne quid de bonis patris capiat,
Quint. 3, 6, 96:
aut non justum testamentum est, aut capere non potes,
id. 5, 14, 16:
si capiendi Jus nullum uxori,
Juv. 1, 55:
qui testamentum faciebat, ei, qui usque ad certum modum capere potuerat, legavit, etc.,
Dig. 22, 3, 27: quod ille plus capere non poterat, ib. fin.:
qui ex bonis testatoris solidum capere non possit,
ib. 28, 6, 6; 39, 6, 30.—
(γ).
Of regular income, revenue, etc., rents, tolls, profits, etc., to collect, receive, obtain: nam ex [p. 285] eis praediis talenta argenti bina Capiebat statim, Ter. Phorm. 5, 3, 7:
capit ille ex suis praediis sexcenta sestertia, ego centena ex meis,
Cic. Par. 6, 3, 49:
stipendium jure belli,
Caes. B. G. 1, 28:
quinquagena talenta vectigalis ex castro,
Nep. Alcib. 9, 4:
vectigal ex agro eorum capimus,
Liv. 28, 39, 13:
quadragena annua ex schola,
Suet. Gram. 23:
si recte habitaveris... fundus melior erit... fructus plus capies,
Cato, R. R. 4, 2.—
C.
Trop.
1.
Of profit, benefit, advantage, to take, seize, obtain, get, enjoy, reap (mostly in phrase fructum capere):
metuit semper, quem ipsa nunc capit Fructum, nequando iratus tu alio conferas,
Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 59:
honeste acta superior aetas fructus capit auctoritatis extremos,
Cic. Sen. 18, 62:
ex iis etiam fructum capio laboris mei,
id. Div. 2, 5:
ex quibus (litteris) cepi fructum duplicem,
id. Fam. 10, 5, 1:
multo majorem fructum ex populi existimatione illo damnato cepimus, quam ex ipsius, si absolutus esset, gratia cepissemus,
id. Att. 1, 4, 2:
fructum immortalem vestri in me et amoris et judicii,
id. Pis. 14, 31:
aliquem fructum dulcedinis almae,
Lucr. 2, 971; 5, 1410; Luc. 7, 32.—In other connections:
quid ex ea re tandem ut caperes commodi?
Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 25:
utilitates ex amicitia maximas,
Cic. Lael. 9, 32:
usuram alicujus corporis,
Plaut. Am. prol. 108.—
2.
Of external characteristics, form, figure, appearance, etc., to take, assume, acquire, put on:
gestum atque voltum novom,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 6, 50 ' faciem aliquam cepere morando, Ov. M. 1, 421; 13, 605:
figuras Datque capitque novas,
id. ib. 15, 309:
formam capit quam lilia,
id. ib. 10, 212; cf.:
duritiam ab aere,
id. ib. 4, 751.— Transf., of plants, etc.:
radicem capere,
to take root, Cato, R. R. 51:
cum pali defixi radices cepissent,
Plin. 17, 17, 27, § 123:
siliculam capere,
Varr. R. R. 1, 23, 3:
maturitatem capere,
Col. 4, 23, 1:
radix libere capit viris,
Plin. 17, 21, 35, § 161:
vires cepisse nocendi,
Ov. M. 7, 417:
(telinum) rursus refrigeratum odorem suum capit,
Plin. 13, 1, 2, § 13.—
3.
Of mental characteristics, habits, etc., to take, assume, adopt, cultivate, cherish, possess:
cape sis virtutem animo et corde expelle desidiam tuo,
Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 24:
qua re si Glabrionis patris vim et acrimoniam ceperis ad resistendum hominibus audacissimis, si avi prudentiam ad prospiciendas insidias, etc.,
Cic. Verr. 1, 17, 52:
aliquando, patres conscripti, patrium animum virtutemque capiamus,
id. Phil. 3, 11, 29:
consuetudinem exercitationemque,
id. Off. 1, 18, 59:
misericordiam,
id. Quint. 31, 97:
quam (adsuetudinem) tu dum capias, taedia nulla fuge,
Ov. A. A. 2, 346:
disciplinam principum,
Plin. Pan. 46. —With dat.:
quorum animis avidis... neque lex neque tutor capere est qui possit modum,
Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 14 Wagn. ad loc.—
4.
Of offices, employments, duties, etc., = suscipio, to undertake, assume, enter upon, accept, take upon one ' s self, etc.:
nam olim populi prius honorem capiebat suffragio, Quam magistro desinebat esse dicto oboediens,
Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 34:
o Geta, provinciam Cepisti duram,
Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 23:
in te cepi Capuam, non quo munus illud defugerem,
took command at Capua, Cic. Att. 8. 3, 4:
consulatum,
id. Pis. 2, 3; Sall. J. 63, 2:
honores,
Nep. Att. 7, 2; Suet. Aug. 26:
imperium,
id. Claud. 10:
magistratum,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 21, 62; Liv. 2, 33, 1; Suet. Aug. 2:
magistratus,
Sall. H. 1, 41, 21 Dietsch; Nep. Phoc. 1, 1; Suet. Caes. 75:
capiatque aliquis moderamina (navis),
Ov. M. 3, 644:
rerum moderamen,
id. ib. 6, 677:
pontificatum maximum,
Suet. Vit. 11:
rem publicam,
Sall. C. 5, 6:
neve cui patrum capere eum magistratum liceret,
Liv. 2, 33, 1:
ut ceperat haud tumultuose magistratum majore gaudio plebis, etc.,
id. 5, 13, 2.—Rarely with dat. of pers., to obtain for, secure for:
patres praeturam Sp. Furio Camillo gratia campestri ceperunt,
Liv. 7, 1, 2.—
5.
In gen., of any occupation, work, or undertaking, to begin, enter upon, take, undertake, etc.:
augurium ex arce,
Liv. 10, 7, 10:
augurium capienti duodecim se vultures ostenderunt,
Suet. Aug. 95; id. Vesp. 11:
omen,
Cic. Div. 1, 46, 104:
in castris Romanis cum frustra multi conatus ad erumpendum capti essent,
Liv. 9, 4, 1:
rursus impetu capto enituntur,
id. 2, 65, 5; Quint. 6, 1, 28; Suet. Aug. 42; id. Calig. 43: cursum, id. Oth. 6:
a quibus temporibus scribendi capiatur exordium,
Cic. Leg. 1, 3, 8:
experimentum eorum inversa manu capitur,
Plin. 13, 2, 3, § 19 ( poet.):
nec vestra capit discordia finem,
Verg. A. 10, 106:
fugam,
to take to flight, flee, Caes. B. G. 7, 26; so, capere impetum, to take a start, gather momentum:
ad impetum capiundum modicum erat spatium,
Liv. 10, 5, 6; cf.:
expeditionis Germanicae impetum cepit,
suddenly resolved to make, Suet. Calig. 43: capere initium, to begin:
ea pars artis, ex qua capere initium solent,
Quint. 2, 11, 1.— Transf., of place:
eorum (finium) una pars, quam Gallos optinere dictum est, initium capit a flumine Rhodano,
Caes. B. G. 1, 1:
a dis inmortalibus sunt nobis agendi capienda primordia,
Cic. Leg. 2, 3, 7.—
6.
Of an opportunity or occasion, to seize, embrace, take:
si occassionem capsit,
Plaut. Ps. 4, 3, 6:
si lubitum fuerit, causam ceperit,
Ter. And. 1, 3, 8:
quod tempus conveniundi patris me capere suadeat,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 4, 9:
si satis commode tempus ad te cepit adeundi,
Cic. Fam. 11, 16, 1.—
7.
Of operations of the mind, resolutions, purposes, plans, thoughts, etc., to form, conceive, entertain, come to, reach:
quantum ex ipsa re conjecturam cepimus,
Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 25 MSS. (Fleck. al. ex conj. fecimus); Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 32:
cum jam ex diei tempore conjecturam ceperat,
Caes. B. G. 7, 35:
hujusce rei conjecturam de tuo ipsius studio, Servi, facillime ceperis,
Cic. Mur. 4, 9.— Absol.:
conjecturam capere,
Cic. Div. 1, 57, 130:
nec quid corde nunc consili capere possim, Scio,
Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 12:
capti consili memorem mones,
id. Stich 4, 1, 72:
quo pacto porro possim Potiri consilium volo capere una tecum,
Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 66; 5, 2, 28:
temerarium consilium,
Liv. 25, 34, 7:
tale capit consilium,
Nep. Eum. 9, 3.— With inf.:
confitendum... eadem te hora consilium cepisse hominis propinqui fortunas funditus evertere,
Cic. Quint. 16, 53; Caes. B. G. 7, 71 init. —With ut:
subito consilium cepi, ut exirem,
Cic. Att. 7, 10 init. —With gen. gerund. (freq.):
legionis opprimendae consilium capere,
Caes. B. G. 3, 2:
obprimundae reipublicae consilium cepit,
Sall. C. 16, 4.—With sibi:
si id non fecisset, sibi consilium facturos,
Caes. B. C. 2, 20:
ut ego rationem oculis capio,
Plaut. Ps. 2, 2, 2:
cepi rationem ut, etc.,
Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 11.—
8.
Of examples, instances, proofs, etc., to take, derive, draw, obtain:
ex quo documentum nos capere fortuna voluit quid esset victis extimescendum,
Cic. Phil. 11, 2, 5:
quid istuc tam mirum'st, de te si exemplum capit? Ter And. 4, 1, 26: exemplum ex aliqua re,
Cic. Lael. 10, 33:
praesagia a sole,
Plin. 18, 35, 78, § 341:
illud num dubitas quin specimen naturae capi debeat ex optima quaque natura?
Cic. Tusc. 1, 14, 32.—
9.
Of impressions, feelings, etc., to take, entertain, conceive, receive, be subjected to, suffer, experience, etc.:
tantum laborem capere ob talem filium?
Ter. And. 5, 2, 29:
omnes mihi labores fuere quos cepi leves,
id. Heaut. 2, 4, 19:
laborem inanem ipsus capit,
id. Hec. 3, 2, 9:
ex eo nunc misera quem capit Laborem!
id. And. 4, 3, 4: miseriam omnem ego capio;
hic potitur gaudia,
id. Ad. 5, 4, 22:
satietatem dum capiet pater Illius quam amat,
Plaut. Am. 1, 2, 10:
plus aegri ex abitu viri quam ex adventu voluptatis cepi,
id. ib. 2, 2, 9:
cum illa quacum volt voluptatem capit,
id. ib. prol. 114:
angor iste, qui pro amico saepe capiendus est,
Cic. Lael. 13, 48:
quae (benevolentia) quidem capitur beneficiis maxime,
id. Off. 2, 9, 32:
laetitiam quam capiebam memoria rationum inventorumque nostrorum,
id. Fin. 2, 30, 96:
lenire desiderium quod capiebat e filio,
id. Sen. 15, 54:
opinione omnium majorem animo cepi dolorem,
id. Brut. 1, 1:
itaque cepi voluptatem, tam ornatum virum fuisse in re publica,
id. ib. 40, 147:
ex civibus victis gaudium meritum capiam,
Liv. 27, 40, 9:
ne quam... invidiam apud patres ex prodiga largitione caperet,
id. 5, 20, 2:
ad summam laetitiam meam, quam ex tuo reditu capio, magnus illius adventu cumulus accedet,
id. Att. 4, 19, 2 (4, 18, 3):
laetitia, quam oculis cepi justo interitu tyranni,
id. ib. 14, 14, 4:
ex praealto tecto lapsus matris et adfinium cepit oblivionem,
lost his memory, Plin. 7, 24, 24, § 90: virtutis opinionem, Auct. B. G. 8, 8: somnum, Cic. Tusc. 4, 19, 44: taedium vitae, Nep. ap. Gell. 6 (7), 18, 11:
maria aspera juro Non ullum pro me tantum (me) cepisse timorem, Quam, etc.,
Verg. A. 6, 352 Forbig. ad loc.:
et in futurum etiam metum ceperunt,
Liv. 33, 27, 10:
voluptatem animi,
Cic. Planc. 1, 1:
malis alienis voluptatem capere laetitiae (cum sit),
id. Tusc. 4, 31, 66:
quaeque mihi sola capitur nunc mente voluptas,
Ov. P. 4, 9, 37.—
10.
Transf., with the feelings, experience, etc., as subj., to seize, overcome, possess, occupy, affect, take possession of, move, etc. (cf. lambanô, in this sense and like 9. supra): nutrix: Cupido cepit miseram nunc me, proloqui Caelo atque terrae Medeai miserias, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 26, 63 (Trag. Rel. v. 291 Vahl.):
edepol te desiderium Athenarum arbitror cepisse saepe,
Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 14:
numquam commerui merito ut caperet odium illam mei,
id. ib. 4, 2, 4:
sicubi eum satietas Hominum aut negoti odium ceperat,
id. Eun. 3, 1, 14:
nos post reges exactos servitutis oblivio ceperat,
Cic. Phil. 3, 4, 9:
te cepisse odium regni videbatur,
id. ib. 2, 36, 91:
Romulum Remumque cupido cepit urbis condendae,
Liv. 1, 6, 3:
cupido eum ceperat in verticem montis ascendendi,
id. 40, 21, 2:
etiam victores sanguinis caedisque ceperat satietas,
id. 27, 49, 8; Mel. 3, 5, 2:
qui pavor hic, qui terror, quae repente oblivio animos cepit?
Liv. 27, 13, 2:
oblivio deorum capiat pectora vestra,
id. 38, 46, 12:
tantane te cepere oblivia nostri?
Ov. Tr. 1, 8, 11:
ut animum ejus cura sacrorum cepit,
Liv. 27, 8, 6:
hostis primum admiratio cepit, quidnam, etc.,
id. 44, 12, 1:
tanta meae si te ceperunt taedia laudis,
Verg. G. 4, 332; cf. Anthol. Lat. I. p. 178;
I. p. 196 Burm.: ignarosque loci passim et formidine captos Sternimus,
Verg. A. 2, 384:
infelix, quae tanta animum dementia cepit!
id. ib. 5, 465; id. E. 6, 47:
cum subita incautum dementia cepit amantem,
id. G. 4, 488; cf. Anthol. Lat. I. p. 170, 15;
I. p. 168, 14 Burm.: Tarquinium mala libido Lucretiae stuprandae cepit,
Liv. 1, 57, 10:
ingens quidem et luctus et pavor civitatem cepit,
id. 25, 22, 1:
tantus repente maeror pavorque senatum eorum cepit,
id. 23, 20, 7:
senatum metus cepit,
id. 23, 14, 8: si me... misericordia capsit. Att. ap. Non. p. 483, 11 (Trag. Rel. v. 454 Rib.): nec tuendi capere satietas potest, Pac. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 14, 24 (Trag. Rel. v. 410 ib.):
quantus timor socios populi Romani cepisset,
Liv. 43, 11, 9.—
11.
Of injury, damage, loss, etc., to suffer, take, be subjected to:
calamitatem,
Cic. Div. 1, 16, 29:
detrimenti aliquid in aliqua re,
Col. 1, 8, 2.—Esp., in the legal formula, by which dictatorial powers were conferred by the senate upon the consuls or the entire magistracy in times of extreme danger to the state;
videant ne quid res publica detrimenti capiat: decrevit quondam senatus, ut L. Opimius consul videret ne quid res publica detrimenti caperet,
Cic. Cat. 1, 2, 4:
Hernici tantum terrorem incussere patribus, ut, quae forma senatus consulti ultimae semper necessitatis habita est, Postumio, alteri consulum, negotium daretur, videret, ne, etc.,
Liv. 3, 4, 9; cf. id. 6, 19, 2 sqq.:
quod plerumque in atroci negotio solet, senatus decrevit, darent operam consules, ne quid, etc.... Ea potestas per senatum more Romano magistratui maxuma permittitur, exercitum parare, bellum gerere, coercere omnibus modis socios atque civis, domi militiaeque inperium atque judicium summum habere,
Sall. C. 29, 2 sq.
II.
To take in, receive, hold, contain, be large enough for.
A.
Lit.
1.
In gen.: Ph. Sitit haec anus. Pa. Quantillum sitit? Ph. Modica'st, capit quadrantal, Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 8:
parte quod ex una spatium vacat et capit in se (ferrum),
Lucr. 6, 1030:
jam mare litus habet, plenos capit alveus amnes,
Ov. M. 1, 344; cf.:
terra feras cepit, volucres agitabilis aer,
id. ib. 1, 75:
dum tenues capiat suus alveus undas,
id. ib. 8, 558:
cunctosque (deos) dedisse Terga fugae, donec fessos Aegyptia tellus Ceperit,
id. ib. 5, 324.—
2.
Esp., with negatives, not to hold, to be too small for, etc.; cf.:
di boni, quid turba est! Aedes nostrae vix capient, scio,
Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 13:
qui cum una domo jam capi non possunt, in alias domos exeunt,
Cic. Off. 1, 17, 54: nec jam se capit [p. 286] unda;
volat vapor ater ad auras,
Verg. A. 7, 466:
non tuus hoc capiet venter plus ac meus,
Hor. S. 1, 1, 46:
non capit se mare,
Sen. Agam. 487:
neque enim capiebant funera portae,
Ov. M. 7, 607:
officium populi vix capiente domo,
id. P. 4, 4, 42:
si di habitum corporis tui aviditati animi parem esse voluissent, orbis te non caperet,
Curt. 7, 8, 12:
ut non immerito proditum sit... Graeciam omnem vix capere exercitum ejus (Xerxis) potuisse,
Just. 2, 10, 19.—
B.
Trop.
1.
To swallow up, ingulf, take in (rare):
tot domus locupletissimas istius domus una capiet?
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 4, § 7.—
2.
To contain, hold, be large or strong enough for, bear.
a.
Affirmatively (rare):
quidquid mortalitas capere poterat, implevimus,
Curt. 9, 3, 7:
si puer omni cura et summo, quantum illa aetas capit, labore, scripserit,
Quint. 2, 4, 17:
dummodo ejus aetatis sit, ut dolum capiat,
Dig. 40, 12, 15.—
b.
With negatives:
non capiunt angustiae pectoris tui (tantam personam),
Cic. Pis. 11, 24:
leones, qui... nec capere irarum fluctus in pectore possunt,
Lucr. 3, 298:
nec capiunt inclusas pectora flammas,
Ov. M. 6, 466:
vix spes ipse suas animo capit,
id. ib. 11, 118:
ardet et iram Non capit ipsa suam Progne,
id. ib. 6, 610; cf.:
sic quoque concupiscis quae non capis,
Curt. 7, 8, 13:
majora quam capit spirat,
id. 6, 9, 11:
ad ultimum magnitudinem ejus (fortunae) non capit,
id. 3, 12, 20:
infirma aetas majora non capiet,
Quint. 1, 11, 13.—
3.
Transf., of things, to admit of, be capable of, undergo (post-Aug. and rare):
rimam fissuramque non capit sponte cedrus,
Plin. 16, 40, 78, § 212:
molluscum... si magnitudinem mensarum caperet,
id. 16, 16, 27, § 68:
res non capit restitutionem, cum statum mutat,
Dig. 4, 4, 19.—
4.
With inf., to be susceptible of, to be of a nature to, etc., = endechetai (late Lat.):
nec capit humanis angoribus excruciari (Deus),
Prud. Apoth. 154:
crimina, quae non capiunt indulgeri,
Tert. Pud. 1 fin.; id. Apol. 17; id. adv. Haer. 44 fin.; Paul. Nol. Carm. 9, 22.—
5.
Of the mind, to take, receive into the mind, comprehend, grasp, embrace (cf. intellego, to penetrate mentally, have insight into):
sitque nonnumquam summittenda et contrahenda oratio, ne judex eam vel intellegere vel capere non possit,
Quint. 11, 1, 45:
nullam esse gratiam tantam, quam non vel capere animus meus in accipiendo... posset,
id. 2, 6, 2:
quae quidem ego nisi tam magna esse fatear, ut ea vix cujusquam mens aut cogitatio capere possit,
Cic. Marcell. 2, 6; id. N. D. 1, 19, 49:
senatus ille, quem qui ex regibus constare dixit, unus veram speciem Romani senatus cepit,
Liv. 9, 17, 14:
somnium laetius, quam quod mentes eorum capere possent,
id. 9, 9, 14.—P. a. as subst.: Capta, ae, f., a surname of Minerva, as worshipped on the Coelian Mount, but for what reason is not known, Ov. F. 3, 837 sq.
2.
căpĭo, ōnis, f. [1. capio]; in the Lat. of the jurists,
I.
A taking:
dominii,
Dig. 39, 2, 18; Gell. 6 (7), 10, 3.—
II.
= usu capio or usucapio, the right of property acquired by prescription, Dig. 41, 1, 48, § 1; 41, 3, 21; 41, 5, 4; v. 1. usucapio.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > capio
15 Capta

1.
căpĭo, cepi, captum (old fut. perf. capso, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 61: capsit, Enn. ap. Non. p. 66, 27, or Ann. v. 324 Vahl.; Plaut. Ps. 4, 3, 6; Att. ap. Non. p. 483, 12, or Trag. Rel. v. 454 Rib.; Paul. ex. Fest. p. 57 Mull.:
capsimus,
Plaut. Rud. 2, 1, 15: capsis, acc. to Cic. Or. 45, 154, = cape si vis, but this is an error; cf. Quint. 1, 5, 66; old perf. cepet, Col. Rostr. 5; v. Wordsworth, Fragm. and Spec. p. 170), 3, v. a. [cf. kôpê, handle; Lat. capulum; Engl. haft; Germ. Heft; Sanscr. root hri-, take; cf. Gr. cheir, Engl. and Germ. hand, and Goth. hinthan, seize].
I.
Lit.
A.
In gen., to take in hand, take hold of, lay hold of, take, seize, grasp (cf.:
sumo, prehendo): si hodie hercule fustem cepero aut stimulum in manum,
Plaut. Aul. 1, 1, 9:
cape hoc flabellum,
Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 47:
cepit manibus tympanum,
Cat. 6, 3, 8:
tu, genitor, cape sacra manu patriosque Penatis,
Verg. A. 2, 717:
cape saxa manu, cape robora, pastor,
id. G. 3, 420:
flammeum,
Cat. 61, 8:
acria pocula,
Hor. S. 2, 6, 69:
lora,
Prop. 3 (4), 9, 57:
baculum,
Ov. M. 2, 789:
colum cum calathis,
id. ib. 12, 475:
florem ternis digitis,
Plin. 24, 10, 48, § 81:
pignera,
Liv. 3, 38, 12; Dig. 48, 13, 9, § 6; Gai Inst. 4, 29:
ut is in cavea pignus capiatur togae,
Plaut. Am. prol. 68: rem manu, Gai Inst. 1, 121:
rem pignori,
Dig. 42, 1, 15, § 7; cf. ib. 42, 1, 15, § 4:
scutum laeva,
Plin. 33, 1, 4, § 13:
capias tu illius vestem,
Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 79: cape vorsoriam, seize the sheet, i. e. take a tack, turn about, Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 19.—Very freq. of arms (cf. sumo); so in gen.: arma, to take up arms, i. e. engage in war or battle, Cic. Rab. Perd. 7, 20 sq.; 9, 27; 11, 31; id. Planc. 36, 88; id. Phil. 4, 3, 7; Caes. B.G. 5, 26; 7, 4; Sall. C. 27, 4; 30, 1; 33, 2; 52, 27; id. J. 38, 5; 102, 12; Ov. M. 3, 115 sq.; 12, 91; 13, 221;
and of particular weapons: ensem,
Ov. M. 13, 435:
tela,
id. ib. 3, 307; 5, 366 et saep.—Of food, to take, partake of:
quicum una cibum Capere soleo,
Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 61; Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 77; Sall. J. 91, 2:
lauti cibum capiunt,
Tac. G. 22.—
B.
In partic.
1.
Of living objects.
a.
To take into possession, take captive, seize, make prisoner.
(α).
Of persons:
oppidum expugnavimus, et legiones Teleboarum vi pugnando cepimus,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 258: summus ibi capitur meddix, occiditur alter, Enn. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 123 Mull. (Ann. v. 296 Vahl.):
quoniam belli nefarios duces captos jam et comprehensos tenetis,
Cic. Cat. 3, 7, 16:
ibi Orgetorigis filia atque unus e filiis captus est,
Caes. B. G. 1, 26:
reges capiuntur,
Lucr. 4, 1013; Tac. A. 4, 33:
capta eo proelio tria milia peditum dicuntur,
Liv. 22, 49, 18:
quos Byzantii ceperat,
Nep. Paus. 2, 3; id. Alcib. 9, 2; id. Dat. 2, 5; Quint. 6, 3, 61:
captos ostendere civibus hostes,
Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 33:
captus Tarento Livius,
Cic. Brut. 18, 72:
servus ex hoste captus,
Quint. 5, 10, 67.—Hence, P. a. as subst.: captus, i, m., = captivus, a prisoner, captive:
in captos clementia uti,
Nep. Alcib. 5, 7:
inludere capto,
Verg. A. 2, 64:
quae sit fiducia capto,
id. ib. 2, 75:
ex captorum numero,
Liv. 28, 39, 10; Tac. A. 6, 1; 12, 37; 15, 1.—Also, capta, ae, f., a female captive:
dicam hanc esse captam ex Caria, Ditem ac nobilem,
Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 47.—
(β).
Of animals, birds, fish, etc., to catch, hunt down, take: quid hic venatu non cepit? Varr. ap. Non. p. 253, 31:
si ab avibus capiundis auceps dicatur, debuisse ajunt ex piscibus capiundis, ut aucupem, sic piscicupem dici,
id. L. L. 8, § 61 Mull.:
hic jaculo pisces, illa capiuntur ab hamis,
Ov. A. A. 1, 763:
neque quicquam captum'st piscium,
Plaut. Rud. 2, 1, 12; cf.:
nisi quid concharum capsimus,
id. ib. v. 18; Cic. Off. 3, 14, 58; Plin. 33, 1, 6, § 27: acipenserem, Cic. ap. Macr. S. 2, 12:
cervum,
Phaedr. 1, 5, 5; cf.:
hic (Nereus) tibi prius vinclis capiendus,
Verg. G. 4, 396.—
b.
To win, captivate, charm, allure, enchain, enslave, fascinate; mostly with abl. of means: Ph. Amore ardeo. Pa. Quid agas? nisi ut te redimas captum quam queas Minumo, Ter. Eun. 1, 1, 29:
quod insit in iis aliquid probi, quod capiat ignaros,
Cic. Off. 3, 3, 15: [p. 284] animum adulescentis... pellexit eis omnibus rebus, quibus illa aetas capi ac deleniri potest, id. Clu. 5, 13:
quamvis voluptate capiatur,
id. Off. 1, 30, 105; Quint. 5, 11, 19:
quem quidem adeo sua cepit humanitate,
Nep. Alcib. 9, 3:
secum habuit Pomponium, captus adulescentis et humanitate et doctrina,
id. Att. 4, 1:
nec bene promeritis capitur (deus), nec tangitur ira,
Lucr. 2, 651: ut pictura poesis;
erit quae si propius stes Te capiat magis, et quaedam si longius abstes,
Hor. A. P. 362:
hunc capit argenti splendor,
id. S. 1, 4, 28:
te conjux aliena capit,
id. ib. 2, 7, 46:
Cynthia prima suis miserum me cepit ocellis,
Prop. 1, 1, 1:
carmine formosae, pretio capiuntur avarae,
Tib. 3, 1, 7:
munditiis capimur,
Ov. A. A. 3, 133; id. M. 4, 170; 6, 465; 7, 802; 8, 124; 8, 435; 9, 511; 10, 529;
14, 373: amore captivae victor captus,
Liv. 30, 12, 18:
dulcedine vocis,
Ov. M. 1, 709; 11, 170:
voce nova,
id. ib. 1, 678:
temperie aquarum,
id. ib. 4, 344:
(bos) herba captus viridi,
Verg. E. 6, 59:
amoenitate loci,
Tac. A. 18, 52:
auro,
Hor. C. 2, 18, 36:
neque honoris neque pecuniae dulcedine sum captus,
Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 2:
splendore hominis,
id. Fin. 1, 13, 42: ne oculis quidem captis in hanc fraudem decidisti;
nam id concupisti quod numquam videras,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 45, § 102.—
c.
To cheat, seduce, deceive, mislead, betray, delude, catch:
sapientis hanc vim esse maximam, cavere ne capiatur, ne fallatur videre,
Cic. Ac. 2, 20, 66:
injurium autem'st ulcisci advorsarios? Aut qua via te captent eadem ipsos capi?
Ter. Hec. 1, 1, 16: uti ne propter te fidemque tuam captus fraudatusque sim, form. ap. Cic. Off. 3, 17, 70:
eodem captus errore quo nos,
involved in the same error, Cic. Phil. 12, 2, 6; id. ap. Non. p. 253, 25; cf.:
ne quo errore milites caperentur,
Liv. 8, 6, 16:
capere ante dolis Reginam,
Verg. A. 1, 673:
captique dolis lacrimisque coactis (Sinonis),
id. ib. 2, 196:
ubi me eisdem dolis non quit capere,
Sall. J. 14, 11:
adulescentium animi molles et aetate fluxi dolis haud difficulter capiebantur,
id. C. 14, 5:
capi alicujus dolo,
Nep. Dat. 10, 1:
dolum ad capiendos eos conparant,
Liv. 23, 35, 2:
quas callida Colchis (i.e. Medea) amicitiae mendacis imagine cepit,
Ov. M. 7, 301.—
d.
To defeat, convict, overcome in a suit or dispute (rare):
tu si me impudicitiae captas, non potes capere,
Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 189:
tu caves ne tui consultores, ille ne urbes aut castra capiantur (cf. B. 2. b. infra),
Cic. Mur. 9, 22:
callidus et in capiendo adversario versutus (orator),
id. Brut. 48, 178.—
e.
To deprive one of his powers or faculties, to harm.
(α).
Of the physical powers, to lame, mutilate, maim, impair or weaken in the limbs, senses, etc. (only pass. capi, and esp. in part. perf. captus):
mancus et membris omnibus captus ac debilis,
Cic. Rab. Perd. 7, 21:
ipse Hannibal... altero oculo capitur,
loses an eye, Liv. 22, 2, 11:
captus omnibus membris,
id. 2, 36, 8:
capti auribus et oculis metu omnes torpere,
id. 21, 58, 5:
oculis membrisque captus,
Plin. 33, 4, 24, § 83:
congerantur in unum omnia, ut idem oculis et auribus captus sit,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 40, 117:
si captus oculis sit, ut Tiresias fuit,
id. Div. 2, 3, 9; Verg. G. 1, 183:
habuit filium captum altero oculo,
Suet. Vit. 6:
censorem Appium deum ira post aliquot annos luminibus captum,
Liv. 9, 29, 11; Val. Max. 1, 1, 17:
lumine,
Ov. F. 6, 204:
princeps pedibus captus,
Liv. 43, 7, 5; cf.:
captum leto posuit caput,
Verg. A. 11, 830;
and of the mole: aut oculis capti fodere cubilia talpae,
id. G. 1, 183.—
(β).
Of the mental powers, to deprive of sense or intellect; only in part. perf. captus, usu. agreeing with pers. subj., and with abl. mente, silly, insane, crazy, crazed, lunatic, mad:
labi, decipi tam dedecet quam delirare et mente esse captum,
Cic. Off. 1, 27, 94:
vino aut somno oppressi aut mente capti,
id. Ac. 2, 17, 53; Quint. 8, 3, 4;
rarely mentibu' capti,
Lucr. 4, 1022; so,
animo,
Sen. Herc. Fur. 107; very rarely with gen.:
captus animi,
Tac. H. 3, 73.— Absol.:
virgines captae furore,
Liv. 24, 26, 12.—Less freq. agreeing with mens or animus:
viros velut mente capta cum jactatione fanatica corporis vaticinari,
Liv. 39, 13, 12:
captis magis mentibus, quam consceleratis similis visa,
id. 8, 18, 11; cf.:
capti et stupentes animi,
id. 6, 36, 8.—
f.
To choose, select, elect, take, pick out, adopt, accept a person for a particular purpose or to sustain a particular office or relation:
de istac sum judex captus,
Plaut. Merc. 4, 3, 33:
Aricini atque Ardeates de ambiguo agro... judicem populum Romanum cepere,
Liv. 3, 71, 2:
me cepere arbitrum,
Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 91:
te mihi patronam capio, Thais,
id. Eun. 5, 2, 48:
quom illum generum cepimus,
id. Hec. 4, 1, 22; cf.:
non, si capiundos mihi sciam esse inimicos omnis homines,
make them enemies thereby, id. And. 4, 2, 12:
si quis magistrum cepit ad eam rem inprobum,
id. ib. 1, 2, 21.—So the formula of the Pontifex Maximus, in the consecration of a vestal virgin: sacerdotem Vestalem, quae sacra faciat... ita te, Amata, capio, Fab. Pict. ap. Gell. 1, 12, 14; cf.:
plerique autem capi virginem solam debere dici putant, sed flamines quoque Diales, item pontifices et augures capi dicebantur,
Gell. 1, 12, 15:
jam ne ea causa pontifex capiar?... ecquis me augurem capiat? Cat. ib. § 17: Amata inter capiendum a pontifice maximo appellatur, quoniam, quae prima capta est, hoc fuisse nomen traditum est, Gell. ib. § 19: rettulit Caesar capiendam virginem in locum Occiae,
Tac. A. 2, 86; 4, 16; 15, 22:
religio, quae in annos singulos Jovis sacerdotem sortito capi jubeat,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 51, § 127:
C. Flaccus flamen captus a P. Licinio pontifice maximo erat,
Liv. 27, 8, 5 Weissenb. ad loc.—
2.
Of places.
a.
To occupy, choose, select, take possession of, enter into; mostly milit. t. t., to take up a position, select a place for a camp, etc.:
loca capere, castra munire,
Caes. B. G. 3, 23:
castris locum capere,
Liv. 9, 17, 15; Suet. Aug. 94 fin.:
locum capere castris,
Quint. 12, 2, 5:
ut non fugiendi hostis, sed capiendi loci causa cessisse videar,
Cic. de Or. 2, 72, 294:
ad Thebanos transfugere velle, et locum extra urbem editum capere,
Nep. Ages. 6, 2:
nocte media profectus, ut locum quem vellet, priusquam hostes sentirent, caperet,
Liv. 34, 14, 1:
neminem elegantius loca cepisse, praesidia disposuisse,
id. 35, 14, 9:
erat autem Philopoemen praecipuae in ducendo agmine locisque capiendis solertiae atque usus,
id. 35, 28, 1:
locum cepere paulo quam alii editiorem,
Sall. J. 58, 3:
duces, ut quisque locum ceperat, cedere singulos,
Dict. Cret. 2, 46; so,
of position on the battle-field: quod mons suberat, eo se recipere coeperunt. Capto monte, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 1, 25:
tenuit non solum ales captam semelsedem, sed, etc.,
Liv. 7, 26, 5:
quem quis in pugnando ceperat locum, eum amissa anima corpore tegebat,
Flor. 4, 1; Sall. C. 61, 2; rarely with dat. of pers.:
tumulum suis cepit,
Liv. 31, 41, 9, for a tomb: LOCVM SIBI MONVMENTO CEPIT. Inscr. Grut. 346, 6;
for taking the auspices' se (Gracchum) cum legeret libros, recordatum esse, vitio sibi tabernaculum captum fuisse,
Cic. N. D. 2, 4, 11; cf.:
Palatium Romulus, Remus Aventinum ad inaugurandum templa capiunt,
Liv. 1, 6, 4;
for refuge: omnes Samnitium copiae montes proximos fuga capiunt,
id. 9, 43, 20:
Anchises natum Conventus trahit in medios... Et tumulum capit,
Verg. A. 6, 753; 12, 562:
ante locum capies oculis ( = eliges),
Verg. G. 2, 230 Serv. ad loc.: nunc terras ordine longo Aut capere aut captas jam despectare videntur (cycni), to select places on which to light, or to be just settling down on places already selected, id. A. 1, 396 Forbig. ad loc.—
b.
To take by force, capture, storm, reduce, conquer, seize:
invadam extemplo in oppidum antiquom: Si id capso, etc.,
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 61: oppidum vi, Cat. ap. Charis. 2, p. 191 P.:
MACELLAM OPPVGNANDO,
Col. Rostr. Inscr. Orell. 549:
CORSICAM,
Inscr. Orell. 551: oppida, Enn. ap. Prisc. 9, p. 868 P. (Ann. v. 487 Vahl.):
ad alia oppida pergit, pauca repugnantibus Numidis capit,
Sall. J. 92, 3; Prop. 3, 4 (4, 3), 16:
Troja capta,
Liv. 1, 1, 1; Hor. S. 2, 3, 191: Coriolos. Liv. 3, 71, 7:
urbem opulentissimam,
id. 5, 20, 1:
ante oppidum Nolam fortissuma Samnitium castra cepit,
Cic. Div. 1, 33, 72:
castra hostium,
Nep. Dat. 6, 7:
concursu oppidanorum facto scalis vacua defensoribus moenia capi possent,
Liv. 42, 63, 6:
plurimas hostium vestrorum in Hispania urbes,
id. 28, 39, 10:
sedem belli,
Vell. 2, 74, 3; cf. Cic. Mur. 9, 22 (B. 1. d. supra).— Trop.:
oppressa captaque re publica,
Cic. Dom. 10, 26: qui, bello averso ab hostibus, patriam suam cepissent, Liv. 3, 50, 15.—
c.
To reach, attain, arrive at, betake one ' s self to (mostly by ships, etc.):
insulam capere non potuerant,
Caes. B. G. 4, 26 fin.:
onerariae duae eosdem quos reliqui portus capere non potuerunt,
id. ib. 4, 36:
accidit uti, ex iis (navibus) perpaucae locum caperent,
id. ib. 5, 23:
nostrae naves, cum ignorarent, quem locum reliquae cepissent,
id. B. C. 3, 28: praemiis magnis propositis, qui primus insulam cepisset, Auct. B. Alex. 17.— Trop.:
qui... tenere cursum possint et capere otii illum portum et dignitatis,
Cic. Sest. 46, 99.—
3.
Of things of value, property, money, etc.
a.
In gen., to take, seize, wrest, receive, obtain, acquire, get, etc.:
AVRVM, ARGENTVM,
Col. Rostr. Inscr. Orell. 549:
de praedonibus praedam capere,
Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 14:
agros de hostibus,
Cic. Dom. 49, 128:
ut ager ex hostibus captus viritim divideretur,
Liv. 4, 48, 2:
quinqueremem una cum defensoribus remigibusque, Auct. B. Alex. 16, 7: naves,
Nep. Con. 4, 4:
classem,
id. Cim. 2, 2:
magnas praedas,
id. Dat. 10, 2:
ex hostibus pecuniam,
Liv. 5, 20, 5; cf.:
e nostris spolia cepit laudibus, Cic. poet. Tusc. 2, 9, 22: signum ex Macedonia,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 58, § 149:
signum pulcherrimum Carthagine captum,
id. ib. 2, 4, 38, §
82: sed eccam ipsa egreditur, nostri fundi calamitas: nam quod nos capere oportet, haec intercipit,
Ter. Eun. 1, 1, 35:
cape cedo,
id. Phorm. 5, 8, 57:
ut reliqui fures, earum rerum quas ceperunt, signa commutant,
Cic. Fin. 5, 25, 74:
majores nostri non solum id, quod de Campanis (agri) ceperant, non imminuerunt, etc.,
id. Agr. 2, 29, 81:
te duce ut insigni capiam cum laude coronam,
Lucr. 6, 95.—With abstr. objects:
paupertatem adeo facile perpessus est, ut de republica nihil praeter gloriam ceperit,
Nep. Epam. 3, 4:
ut ceteri, qui per eum aut honores aut divitias ceperant,
id. Att. 7, 2:
quoniam formam hujus cepi in me et statum,
assumed, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 110:
quare non committeret, ut is locus ex calamitate populi Romani nomen caperet,
Caes. B. G. 1, 13:
regnum Tiberinus ab illis Cepit,
succeeded to, Ov. M. 14, 615.—
b.
In particular connections.
(α).
With pecuniam (freq. joined with concilio; v. infra), to take illegally, exact, extort, accept a bribe. take blackmail, etc., esp. of magistrates who were accused de pecuniis repetundis:
his ego judicibus non probabo C. Verrem contra leges pecuniam cepisse?
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 4, § 10:
HS. quadringentiens cepisse te arguo contra leges,
id. ib. 2, 2, 10, § 26; cf.:
quicquid ab horum quopiam captum est,
id. ib. §
27: tamen hae pecuniae per vim atque injuriam tuam captae et conciliatae tibi fraudi et damnationi esse deberent,
id. ib. 2, 3, 40, §
91: utrum (potestis), cum judices sitis de pecunia capta conciliata, tantam pecuniam captam neglegere?
id. ib. 2, 3, 94, §
218: quid est aliud capere conciliare pecunias. si hoc non est vi atque imperio cogere invitos lucrum dare alteri?
id. ib. 2, 3, 30, §
71: sequitur de captis pecuniis et de ambitu,
id. Leg. 3, 20, 46:
ita aperte cepit pecunias ob rem judicandam, ut, etc.,
id. Fin. 2, 16, 54:
quos censores furti et captarum pecuniarum nomine notaverunt,
id. Clu. 42, 120:
nondum commemoro rapinas, non exactas pecunias, non captas, non imperatas,
id. Pis. 16, 38:
si quis ob rem judicandam pecuniam cepisset... neque solum hoc genus pecuniae capiendae turpe, sed etiam nefarium esse arbitrabantur,
id. Rab. Post. 7, 16; id. N. D. 3, 30, 70; Sall. J. 32, 1:
ab regibus Illyriorum,
Liv. 42, 45, 8:
saevitiae captarumque pecuniarum teneri reum,
Tac. A. 3, 67; 4, 31.—
(β).
Of inheritance and bequest, to take, inherit, obtain, acquire, get, accept:
si ex hereditate nihil ceperit,
Cic. Off, 3, 24, 93:
qui morte testamentove ejus tantundem capiat quantum omnes heredes,
id. Leg. 2, 19, 48:
abdicatus ne quid de bonis patris capiat,
Quint. 3, 6, 96:
aut non justum testamentum est, aut capere non potes,
id. 5, 14, 16:
si capiendi Jus nullum uxori,
Juv. 1, 55:
qui testamentum faciebat, ei, qui usque ad certum modum capere potuerat, legavit, etc.,
Dig. 22, 3, 27: quod ille plus capere non poterat, ib. fin.:
qui ex bonis testatoris solidum capere non possit,
ib. 28, 6, 6; 39, 6, 30.—
(γ).
Of regular income, revenue, etc., rents, tolls, profits, etc., to collect, receive, obtain: nam ex [p. 285] eis praediis talenta argenti bina Capiebat statim, Ter. Phorm. 5, 3, 7:
capit ille ex suis praediis sexcenta sestertia, ego centena ex meis,
Cic. Par. 6, 3, 49:
stipendium jure belli,
Caes. B. G. 1, 28:
quinquagena talenta vectigalis ex castro,
Nep. Alcib. 9, 4:
vectigal ex agro eorum capimus,
Liv. 28, 39, 13:
quadragena annua ex schola,
Suet. Gram. 23:
si recte habitaveris... fundus melior erit... fructus plus capies,
Cato, R. R. 4, 2.—
C.
Trop.
1.
Of profit, benefit, advantage, to take, seize, obtain, get, enjoy, reap (mostly in phrase fructum capere):
metuit semper, quem ipsa nunc capit Fructum, nequando iratus tu alio conferas,
Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 59:
honeste acta superior aetas fructus capit auctoritatis extremos,
Cic. Sen. 18, 62:
ex iis etiam fructum capio laboris mei,
id. Div. 2, 5:
ex quibus (litteris) cepi fructum duplicem,
id. Fam. 10, 5, 1:
multo majorem fructum ex populi existimatione illo damnato cepimus, quam ex ipsius, si absolutus esset, gratia cepissemus,
id. Att. 1, 4, 2:
fructum immortalem vestri in me et amoris et judicii,
id. Pis. 14, 31:
aliquem fructum dulcedinis almae,
Lucr. 2, 971; 5, 1410; Luc. 7, 32.—In other connections:
quid ex ea re tandem ut caperes commodi?
Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 25:
utilitates ex amicitia maximas,
Cic. Lael. 9, 32:
usuram alicujus corporis,
Plaut. Am. prol. 108.—
2.
Of external characteristics, form, figure, appearance, etc., to take, assume, acquire, put on:
gestum atque voltum novom,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 6, 50 ' faciem aliquam cepere morando, Ov. M. 1, 421; 13, 605:
figuras Datque capitque novas,
id. ib. 15, 309:
formam capit quam lilia,
id. ib. 10, 212; cf.:
duritiam ab aere,
id. ib. 4, 751.— Transf., of plants, etc.:
radicem capere,
to take root, Cato, R. R. 51:
cum pali defixi radices cepissent,
Plin. 17, 17, 27, § 123:
siliculam capere,
Varr. R. R. 1, 23, 3:
maturitatem capere,
Col. 4, 23, 1:
radix libere capit viris,
Plin. 17, 21, 35, § 161:
vires cepisse nocendi,
Ov. M. 7, 417:
(telinum) rursus refrigeratum odorem suum capit,
Plin. 13, 1, 2, § 13.—
3.
Of mental characteristics, habits, etc., to take, assume, adopt, cultivate, cherish, possess:
cape sis virtutem animo et corde expelle desidiam tuo,
Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 24:
qua re si Glabrionis patris vim et acrimoniam ceperis ad resistendum hominibus audacissimis, si avi prudentiam ad prospiciendas insidias, etc.,
Cic. Verr. 1, 17, 52:
aliquando, patres conscripti, patrium animum virtutemque capiamus,
id. Phil. 3, 11, 29:
consuetudinem exercitationemque,
id. Off. 1, 18, 59:
misericordiam,
id. Quint. 31, 97:
quam (adsuetudinem) tu dum capias, taedia nulla fuge,
Ov. A. A. 2, 346:
disciplinam principum,
Plin. Pan. 46. —With dat.:
quorum animis avidis... neque lex neque tutor capere est qui possit modum,
Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 14 Wagn. ad loc.—
4.
Of offices, employments, duties, etc., = suscipio, to undertake, assume, enter upon, accept, take upon one ' s self, etc.:
nam olim populi prius honorem capiebat suffragio, Quam magistro desinebat esse dicto oboediens,
Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 34:
o Geta, provinciam Cepisti duram,
Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 23:
in te cepi Capuam, non quo munus illud defugerem,
took command at Capua, Cic. Att. 8. 3, 4:
consulatum,
id. Pis. 2, 3; Sall. J. 63, 2:
honores,
Nep. Att. 7, 2; Suet. Aug. 26:
imperium,
id. Claud. 10:
magistratum,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 21, 62; Liv. 2, 33, 1; Suet. Aug. 2:
magistratus,
Sall. H. 1, 41, 21 Dietsch; Nep. Phoc. 1, 1; Suet. Caes. 75:
capiatque aliquis moderamina (navis),
Ov. M. 3, 644:
rerum moderamen,
id. ib. 6, 677:
pontificatum maximum,
Suet. Vit. 11:
rem publicam,
Sall. C. 5, 6:
neve cui patrum capere eum magistratum liceret,
Liv. 2, 33, 1:
ut ceperat haud tumultuose magistratum majore gaudio plebis, etc.,
id. 5, 13, 2.—Rarely with dat. of pers., to obtain for, secure for:
patres praeturam Sp. Furio Camillo gratia campestri ceperunt,
Liv. 7, 1, 2.—
5.
In gen., of any occupation, work, or undertaking, to begin, enter upon, take, undertake, etc.:
augurium ex arce,
Liv. 10, 7, 10:
augurium capienti duodecim se vultures ostenderunt,
Suet. Aug. 95; id. Vesp. 11:
omen,
Cic. Div. 1, 46, 104:
in castris Romanis cum frustra multi conatus ad erumpendum capti essent,
Liv. 9, 4, 1:
rursus impetu capto enituntur,
id. 2, 65, 5; Quint. 6, 1, 28; Suet. Aug. 42; id. Calig. 43: cursum, id. Oth. 6:
a quibus temporibus scribendi capiatur exordium,
Cic. Leg. 1, 3, 8:
experimentum eorum inversa manu capitur,
Plin. 13, 2, 3, § 19 ( poet.):
nec vestra capit discordia finem,
Verg. A. 10, 106:
fugam,
to take to flight, flee, Caes. B. G. 7, 26; so, capere impetum, to take a start, gather momentum:
ad impetum capiundum modicum erat spatium,
Liv. 10, 5, 6; cf.:
expeditionis Germanicae impetum cepit,
suddenly resolved to make, Suet. Calig. 43: capere initium, to begin:
ea pars artis, ex qua capere initium solent,
Quint. 2, 11, 1.— Transf., of place:
eorum (finium) una pars, quam Gallos optinere dictum est, initium capit a flumine Rhodano,
Caes. B. G. 1, 1:
a dis inmortalibus sunt nobis agendi capienda primordia,
Cic. Leg. 2, 3, 7.—
6.
Of an opportunity or occasion, to seize, embrace, take:
si occassionem capsit,
Plaut. Ps. 4, 3, 6:
si lubitum fuerit, causam ceperit,
Ter. And. 1, 3, 8:
quod tempus conveniundi patris me capere suadeat,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 4, 9:
si satis commode tempus ad te cepit adeundi,
Cic. Fam. 11, 16, 1.—
7.
Of operations of the mind, resolutions, purposes, plans, thoughts, etc., to form, conceive, entertain, come to, reach:
quantum ex ipsa re conjecturam cepimus,
Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 25 MSS. (Fleck. al. ex conj. fecimus); Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 32:
cum jam ex diei tempore conjecturam ceperat,
Caes. B. G. 7, 35:
hujusce rei conjecturam de tuo ipsius studio, Servi, facillime ceperis,
Cic. Mur. 4, 9.— Absol.:
conjecturam capere,
Cic. Div. 1, 57, 130:
nec quid corde nunc consili capere possim, Scio,
Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 12:
capti consili memorem mones,
id. Stich 4, 1, 72:
quo pacto porro possim Potiri consilium volo capere una tecum,
Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 66; 5, 2, 28:
temerarium consilium,
Liv. 25, 34, 7:
tale capit consilium,
Nep. Eum. 9, 3.— With inf.:
confitendum... eadem te hora consilium cepisse hominis propinqui fortunas funditus evertere,
Cic. Quint. 16, 53; Caes. B. G. 7, 71 init. —With ut:
subito consilium cepi, ut exirem,
Cic. Att. 7, 10 init. —With gen. gerund. (freq.):
legionis opprimendae consilium capere,
Caes. B. G. 3, 2:
obprimundae reipublicae consilium cepit,
Sall. C. 16, 4.—With sibi:
si id non fecisset, sibi consilium facturos,
Caes. B. C. 2, 20:
ut ego rationem oculis capio,
Plaut. Ps. 2, 2, 2:
cepi rationem ut, etc.,
Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 11.—
8.
Of examples, instances, proofs, etc., to take, derive, draw, obtain:
ex quo documentum nos capere fortuna voluit quid esset victis extimescendum,
Cic. Phil. 11, 2, 5:
quid istuc tam mirum'st, de te si exemplum capit? Ter And. 4, 1, 26: exemplum ex aliqua re,
Cic. Lael. 10, 33:
praesagia a sole,
Plin. 18, 35, 78, § 341:
illud num dubitas quin specimen naturae capi debeat ex optima quaque natura?
Cic. Tusc. 1, 14, 32.—
9.
Of impressions, feelings, etc., to take, entertain, conceive, receive, be subjected to, suffer, experience, etc.:
tantum laborem capere ob talem filium?
Ter. And. 5, 2, 29:
omnes mihi labores fuere quos cepi leves,
id. Heaut. 2, 4, 19:
laborem inanem ipsus capit,
id. Hec. 3, 2, 9:
ex eo nunc misera quem capit Laborem!
id. And. 4, 3, 4: miseriam omnem ego capio;
hic potitur gaudia,
id. Ad. 5, 4, 22:
satietatem dum capiet pater Illius quam amat,
Plaut. Am. 1, 2, 10:
plus aegri ex abitu viri quam ex adventu voluptatis cepi,
id. ib. 2, 2, 9:
cum illa quacum volt voluptatem capit,
id. ib. prol. 114:
angor iste, qui pro amico saepe capiendus est,
Cic. Lael. 13, 48:
quae (benevolentia) quidem capitur beneficiis maxime,
id. Off. 2, 9, 32:
laetitiam quam capiebam memoria rationum inventorumque nostrorum,
id. Fin. 2, 30, 96:
lenire desiderium quod capiebat e filio,
id. Sen. 15, 54:
opinione omnium majorem animo cepi dolorem,
id. Brut. 1, 1:
itaque cepi voluptatem, tam ornatum virum fuisse in re publica,
id. ib. 40, 147:
ex civibus victis gaudium meritum capiam,
Liv. 27, 40, 9:
ne quam... invidiam apud patres ex prodiga largitione caperet,
id. 5, 20, 2:
ad summam laetitiam meam, quam ex tuo reditu capio, magnus illius adventu cumulus accedet,
id. Att. 4, 19, 2 (4, 18, 3):
laetitia, quam oculis cepi justo interitu tyranni,
id. ib. 14, 14, 4:
ex praealto tecto lapsus matris et adfinium cepit oblivionem,
lost his memory, Plin. 7, 24, 24, § 90: virtutis opinionem, Auct. B. G. 8, 8: somnum, Cic. Tusc. 4, 19, 44: taedium vitae, Nep. ap. Gell. 6 (7), 18, 11:
maria aspera juro Non ullum pro me tantum (me) cepisse timorem, Quam, etc.,
Verg. A. 6, 352 Forbig. ad loc.:
et in futurum etiam metum ceperunt,
Liv. 33, 27, 10:
voluptatem animi,
Cic. Planc. 1, 1:
malis alienis voluptatem capere laetitiae (cum sit),
id. Tusc. 4, 31, 66:
quaeque mihi sola capitur nunc mente voluptas,
Ov. P. 4, 9, 37.—
10.
Transf., with the feelings, experience, etc., as subj., to seize, overcome, possess, occupy, affect, take possession of, move, etc. (cf. lambanô, in this sense and like 9. supra): nutrix: Cupido cepit miseram nunc me, proloqui Caelo atque terrae Medeai miserias, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 26, 63 (Trag. Rel. v. 291 Vahl.):
edepol te desiderium Athenarum arbitror cepisse saepe,
Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 14:
numquam commerui merito ut caperet odium illam mei,
id. ib. 4, 2, 4:
sicubi eum satietas Hominum aut negoti odium ceperat,
id. Eun. 3, 1, 14:
nos post reges exactos servitutis oblivio ceperat,
Cic. Phil. 3, 4, 9:
te cepisse odium regni videbatur,
id. ib. 2, 36, 91:
Romulum Remumque cupido cepit urbis condendae,
Liv. 1, 6, 3:
cupido eum ceperat in verticem montis ascendendi,
id. 40, 21, 2:
etiam victores sanguinis caedisque ceperat satietas,
id. 27, 49, 8; Mel. 3, 5, 2:
qui pavor hic, qui terror, quae repente oblivio animos cepit?
Liv. 27, 13, 2:
oblivio deorum capiat pectora vestra,
id. 38, 46, 12:
tantane te cepere oblivia nostri?
Ov. Tr. 1, 8, 11:
ut animum ejus cura sacrorum cepit,
Liv. 27, 8, 6:
hostis primum admiratio cepit, quidnam, etc.,
id. 44, 12, 1:
tanta meae si te ceperunt taedia laudis,
Verg. G. 4, 332; cf. Anthol. Lat. I. p. 178;
I. p. 196 Burm.: ignarosque loci passim et formidine captos Sternimus,
Verg. A. 2, 384:
infelix, quae tanta animum dementia cepit!
id. ib. 5, 465; id. E. 6, 47:
cum subita incautum dementia cepit amantem,
id. G. 4, 488; cf. Anthol. Lat. I. p. 170, 15;
I. p. 168, 14 Burm.: Tarquinium mala libido Lucretiae stuprandae cepit,
Liv. 1, 57, 10:
ingens quidem et luctus et pavor civitatem cepit,
id. 25, 22, 1:
tantus repente maeror pavorque senatum eorum cepit,
id. 23, 20, 7:
senatum metus cepit,
id. 23, 14, 8: si me... misericordia capsit. Att. ap. Non. p. 483, 11 (Trag. Rel. v. 454 Rib.): nec tuendi capere satietas potest, Pac. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 14, 24 (Trag. Rel. v. 410 ib.):
quantus timor socios populi Romani cepisset,
Liv. 43, 11, 9.—
11.
Of injury, damage, loss, etc., to suffer, take, be subjected to:
calamitatem,
Cic. Div. 1, 16, 29:
detrimenti aliquid in aliqua re,
Col. 1, 8, 2.—Esp., in the legal formula, by which dictatorial powers were conferred by the senate upon the consuls or the entire magistracy in times of extreme danger to the state;
videant ne quid res publica detrimenti capiat: decrevit quondam senatus, ut L. Opimius consul videret ne quid res publica detrimenti caperet,
Cic. Cat. 1, 2, 4:
Hernici tantum terrorem incussere patribus, ut, quae forma senatus consulti ultimae semper necessitatis habita est, Postumio, alteri consulum, negotium daretur, videret, ne, etc.,
Liv. 3, 4, 9; cf. id. 6, 19, 2 sqq.:
quod plerumque in atroci negotio solet, senatus decrevit, darent operam consules, ne quid, etc.... Ea potestas per senatum more Romano magistratui maxuma permittitur, exercitum parare, bellum gerere, coercere omnibus modis socios atque civis, domi militiaeque inperium atque judicium summum habere,
Sall. C. 29, 2 sq.
II.
To take in, receive, hold, contain, be large enough for.
A.
Lit.
1.
In gen.: Ph. Sitit haec anus. Pa. Quantillum sitit? Ph. Modica'st, capit quadrantal, Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 8:
parte quod ex una spatium vacat et capit in se (ferrum),
Lucr. 6, 1030:
jam mare litus habet, plenos capit alveus amnes,
Ov. M. 1, 344; cf.:
terra feras cepit, volucres agitabilis aer,
id. ib. 1, 75:
dum tenues capiat suus alveus undas,
id. ib. 8, 558:
cunctosque (deos) dedisse Terga fugae, donec fessos Aegyptia tellus Ceperit,
id. ib. 5, 324.—
2.
Esp., with negatives, not to hold, to be too small for, etc.; cf.:
di boni, quid turba est! Aedes nostrae vix capient, scio,
Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 13:
qui cum una domo jam capi non possunt, in alias domos exeunt,
Cic. Off. 1, 17, 54: nec jam se capit [p. 286] unda;
volat vapor ater ad auras,
Verg. A. 7, 466:
non tuus hoc capiet venter plus ac meus,
Hor. S. 1, 1, 46:
non capit se mare,
Sen. Agam. 487:
neque enim capiebant funera portae,
Ov. M. 7, 607:
officium populi vix capiente domo,
id. P. 4, 4, 42:
si di habitum corporis tui aviditati animi parem esse voluissent, orbis te non caperet,
Curt. 7, 8, 12:
ut non immerito proditum sit... Graeciam omnem vix capere exercitum ejus (Xerxis) potuisse,
Just. 2, 10, 19.—
B.
Trop.
1.
To swallow up, ingulf, take in (rare):
tot domus locupletissimas istius domus una capiet?
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 4, § 7.—
2.
To contain, hold, be large or strong enough for, bear.
a.
Affirmatively (rare):
quidquid mortalitas capere poterat, implevimus,
Curt. 9, 3, 7:
si puer omni cura et summo, quantum illa aetas capit, labore, scripserit,
Quint. 2, 4, 17:
dummodo ejus aetatis sit, ut dolum capiat,
Dig. 40, 12, 15.—
b.
With negatives:
non capiunt angustiae pectoris tui (tantam personam),
Cic. Pis. 11, 24:
leones, qui... nec capere irarum fluctus in pectore possunt,
Lucr. 3, 298:
nec capiunt inclusas pectora flammas,
Ov. M. 6, 466:
vix spes ipse suas animo capit,
id. ib. 11, 118:
ardet et iram Non capit ipsa suam Progne,
id. ib. 6, 610; cf.:
sic quoque concupiscis quae non capis,
Curt. 7, 8, 13:
majora quam capit spirat,
id. 6, 9, 11:
ad ultimum magnitudinem ejus (fortunae) non capit,
id. 3, 12, 20:
infirma aetas majora non capiet,
Quint. 1, 11, 13.—
3.
Transf., of things, to admit of, be capable of, undergo (post-Aug. and rare):
rimam fissuramque non capit sponte cedrus,
Plin. 16, 40, 78, § 212:
molluscum... si magnitudinem mensarum caperet,
id. 16, 16, 27, § 68:
res non capit restitutionem, cum statum mutat,
Dig. 4, 4, 19.—
4.
With inf., to be susceptible of, to be of a nature to, etc., = endechetai (late Lat.):
nec capit humanis angoribus excruciari (Deus),
Prud. Apoth. 154:
crimina, quae non capiunt indulgeri,
Tert. Pud. 1 fin.; id. Apol. 17; id. adv. Haer. 44 fin.; Paul. Nol. Carm. 9, 22.—
5.
Of the mind, to take, receive into the mind, comprehend, grasp, embrace (cf. intellego, to penetrate mentally, have insight into):
sitque nonnumquam summittenda et contrahenda oratio, ne judex eam vel intellegere vel capere non possit,
Quint. 11, 1, 45:
nullam esse gratiam tantam, quam non vel capere animus meus in accipiendo... posset,
id. 2, 6, 2:
quae quidem ego nisi tam magna esse fatear, ut ea vix cujusquam mens aut cogitatio capere possit,
Cic. Marcell. 2, 6; id. N. D. 1, 19, 49:
senatus ille, quem qui ex regibus constare dixit, unus veram speciem Romani senatus cepit,
Liv. 9, 17, 14:
somnium laetius, quam quod mentes eorum capere possent,
id. 9, 9, 14.—P. a. as subst.: Capta, ae, f., a surname of Minerva, as worshipped on the Coelian Mount, but for what reason is not known, Ov. F. 3, 837 sq.
2.
căpĭo, ōnis, f. [1. capio]; in the Lat. of the jurists,
I.
A taking:
dominii,
Dig. 39, 2, 18; Gell. 6 (7), 10, 3.—
II.
= usu capio or usucapio, the right of property acquired by prescription, Dig. 41, 1, 48, § 1; 41, 3, 21; 41, 5, 4; v. 1. usucapio.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Capta
16 andeuten

(trennb., hat -ge-)

I v/t

1. (zu verstehen geben) hint at, intimate, give to understand; negativ: insinuate; (hinweisen auf) indicate; ( mit einer Geste) andeuten, dass... indicate (with a gesture) that...; was willst du damit andeuten? what are you getting ( oder driving) at?, what are you trying to tell me?; die angedeuteten Änderungen the intimated changes; auch the changes you etc. hinted at

2. Kunst: suggest; der Hintergrund war nur angedeutet the background was only sketched out ( oder outlined)

II v/refl Verbesserung etc.: be on the way; es deuten sich Änderungen an there are changes in the air, changes seem to be on the way

* * *

to indicate; to hint at; to signify; to imply; to foreshadow; to intimate; to allude; to insinuate

* * *
ạn|deu|ten sep
1. vt
(= zu verstehen geben) to hint, to intimate (jdm etw sth to sb); (= kurz erwähnen) Problem to mention briefly; (ART, MUS) to suggest; (= erkennen lassen) to indicate
der Wald war nur mit ein paar Strichen angedeutet — a few strokes gave a suggestion of the wood

2. vr
to be indicated; (Melodie etc) to be suggested; (Gewitter) to be in the offing
* * *

1) imply

2) (to (try to) pass on information without stating it openly or directly: He hinted that he would like more money; He hinted at possible changes.) hint

3) (to give information or announce.) intimate

4) (to put (an idea etc) into a person's mind; to hint: Are you suggesting that I'm too old for the job?; An explanation suddenly suggested itself to me.) suggest

* * *

an|deu·ten

I. vt

1. (erwähnen)

▪ etw \andeuten to indicate [or make a reference to] sth

2. (zu verstehen geben)

▪ [jdm] etw \andeuten to imply sth [to sb]

was wollen Sie damit \andeuten? what are you getting at?

was wollen Sie mir gegenüber \andeuten? what are you trying to tell me?

sie hat es nicht direkt gesagt, nur angedeutet she didn't say it out loud but she implied it

▪ \andeuten, dass/was to make it clear [that]

3. KUNST, MUS (in Umrissen erkennen lassen)

▪ jdn/etw \andeuten to outline [or sketch] sb/sth

II. vr

▪ etw deutet sich an there are signs [or indications] of sth

eine Verbesserung/Veränderung deutet sich an there are indications of improvement/of a change

* * *
1.
transitives Verb

1) (zu verstehen geben) intimate; hint

jemandem etwas andeuten — intimate or hint something to somebody

2) (nicht ausführen) outline; (kurz erwähnen) indicate
2.
reflexives Verb (sich abzeichnen) be indicated

* * *

andeuten (trennb, hat -ge-)

A. v/t

1. (zu verstehen geben) hint at, intimate, give to understand; negativ: insinuate; (hinweisen auf) indicate;

(mit einer Geste) andeuten, dass … indicate (with a gesture) that …;

was willst du damit andeuten? what are you getting ( oder driving) at?, what are you trying to tell me?;

die angedeuteten Änderungen the intimated changes; auch the changes you etc hinted at

2. KUNST suggest;

der Hintergrund war nur angedeutet the background was only sketched out ( oder outlined)

B. v/r Verbesserung etc: be on the way;

es deuten sich Änderungen an there are changes in the air, changes seem to be on the way

* * *
1.
transitives Verb

1) (zu verstehen geben) intimate; hint

jemandem etwas andeuten — intimate or hint something to somebody

2) (nicht ausführen) outline; (kurz erwähnen) indicate
2.
reflexives Verb (sich abzeichnen) be indicated

* * *

v.

to hint v.

to imply v.

to indicate v.

to insinuate v.

to let something be known expr.

to suggest v.

Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > andeuten
17 hueco1

¹ = gap, slot, hollow, recess, alcove, cavity.

Ex. New editions will be essentially cumulations and therefore a longer gap will exist between editions.

Ex. These frames are of different types and have slots also of different types, which can be filled by other frames.

Ex. It can certainly be status-conferring to let it be known in social conversation that one has read the latest Fay Weldon book, but if the group one is in never reads Fay Weldon anyway and could not care less what she has written then the victory is a somewhat hollow one.

Ex. He then dropped the metal suddenly into the mouth of the mould, and at the same instant gave it a jerk or toss to force the metal into the recesses of the matrix (the precise form of the jerk varying with the different letters).

Ex. Our news service is delivered by a large-screen television that broadcasts continuous cable news in a special alcove adjacent to the library's current periodicals and reference areas.

Ex. His sculptures were made by making casts of the cavities left in snow onto which the artist and a collaborator had urinated.

----

* dejar un hueco = leave + gap.

* encontrar un hueco = find + a home.

* hacer hueco = make + room (for).

* hacerse un hueco en la vida = get on in + life.

* hueco de la escalera = stairwell.

* hueco de servicio = service core.

* llenar un hueco = fill + gap, fill in + gap, fill + the breach.

Spanish-English dictionary > hueco1
18 як

I ч зоол.
( тибетський бик) yak
II пр.
1) (яким чином, якою мірою) how

як би це зробити? — how is it to be done, I wonder?

як (ви) — поживаєте?, як ся маєте? how do you do?, how are you?

як жарко! — how hot it is!

як це так? — how is so?, how is that?

як довго? — how long? як справи? how are you getting on?, how are things?

2) (при запитанні про ім'я, назву тощо) what

як бути? — what is to be done?

як ви гадаєте? — what do you think?

як ви сказали? — what did you say?

як вас звуть? — what is your name?

3) (при висловленні обурення, здивування) what

як, він пішов? — what, he has already gone?

4)

як не…, хоч як… — however…

як не важко — however difficult it is; як не пізно however late it is

як не намагайтесь — however hard you may try

як би то (там) не було — at any rate; however that may be

як кому, кому як — it is not the same with everybody

ось як! — really!, you don't say so!

як би не так! — not likely!, nothing of the kind!

як знати — who knows

як сказати — it all depends it

як вам сказати — how shall/should I put it?

як коли — that depends

як так? — you don't say!

як видно — evidently, apparently

як видно — з as can/may be seen, as evident ( з чого-небудь - from)
III спол.
1) ( при порівнянні) as, like

лютий, як тигр — fierce as a tiger

я живу, як інші — І live as others do

як і раніше — as before, previously

як і у випадку — as with, as in the case of, as is the case with

як вкопаний — stock-still, transfixed, rooted to the ground, stone-still

як уві сні — dreamily

будьте як вдома — make yourself at home

як навмисно — as ( ill) luck would have

2) ( коли) when; ( відтоді як) since

як тільки — as soon as; when

в той час, як — whereas, while

до того, як — till, until

після того, як — since

3) (крім, тільки) but, except; як не but

4) ( якщо) if; а

що, як він спитає? — and what if he asks?

5)

як…, то… — if…, then…

як не хочеш, то й не йди туди — don't go there if you don't want to

як наприклад — as, for instance

як попало (абияк) — anyhow; ( поспіхом) at haphazard, helter-skelter

як раптом — when suddenly, when all of a sudden, when all at once

як на нього — as to him, for his part, as far as he is concerned

як такий — as such

як би не… — however…, no matter how

як завжди — as ever, as always, as usual

як…, так — і both… and…

як ведеться — as usual, is customary, is the custom

як з'ясувалося — as it turned out, as it proved

як мовиться, як кажуть — as they say, as the saying goes

як же! — sure!; why, of course!

як знати — who knows

як сказати — it all depends; how shall I put it, how shall I say

як відомо — as is well known, as everybody knows

як коли — that depends

як мінімум — at the minimum, at the least

як не кажи — whatever one may say

як не дивно — strangely enough, strange though ( it may seem); як одне ціле as a single whole, as a unit; як заведено, як належить, як

годиться — properly, duly; downright, as it should be, as expected; як правило as a rule, generally, usually; як

прийнято — as is the convention, as is customary

як — так? you don't say!; як завгодно anyhow, however; any way one likes; як

вказано — as stated

як не дивно — strange as it may seem

Українсько-англійський словник > як
19 want

1. I
abs

1) I have the very thing you want у меня есть как раз то, что вам хочется; have you all you want? у вас есть все, что вам нужно?; what do you want? что вы хотите?, чего бы вам хотелось?, что вам надо?; the more a man gets the more he wants чем больше у человека есть, тем больше ему хочется

2) a few pages of the book were wanting в книге не хватало нескольких страниц; there are so many books (stamps, autographs, etc.) wanting не хватает многих книг и т.д.; the head of the statue is wanting у статуи нет головы; nothing shall be wanting ни в чем не будет недостатка

3) his family will see to it that he doesn't want его семья позаботится о том, чтобы он не нуждался
2. III
1) want with. want a new саг (а large flat, this book, everything one sees, etc.) хотеть новую машину и т.д., do you want this jack-knife? хотите /вам хочется/ [иметь] этот перочинный ножик?; I want my dinner я хочу пообедать; how much for this armchair? want-I want five pounds сколько стоит это кресло? want-Я прошу пять фунтов

2) want smth. the book wants a page в книге не хватает страницы; your coat wants an inch or so ваше пальто должно быть примерно на дюйм длиннее; he wants energy (courage, self-confidence, judgement, etc.) ему не хватает энергии и т.д.; he certainly does not want intelligence ума ему хватает /не занимать/; want smb. tell the boy I want him скажите мальчику, что он мне нужен; mother wants you мама зовет тебя

3) want smth. coll. want [а] rest (much care, time, etc.) нуждаться в отдыхе и т.д.; he wants plenty of sleep ему нужно [хорошенько] выспаться; this work wants a lot of patience эта работа требует большего терпения; plants want water растениям необходима вода; he wants a shave (a haircut, a wash, etc.) ему надо побриться и т.д.; I want two sandwiches (some sugar, a dozen eggs, etc.), please пожалуйста, дайте мне два бутерброда и т.д.; I want brown shoes, please покажите, пожалуйста, коричневые туфли; we shan't want a fire today сегодня нам не придется топить камин
3. IV
want smth., smb. in some manner I badly want a new hat (some day shirts, some evening ties, some hot water at once, etc.) мне очень нужна новая шляпа и т.д.; it wants but one word more and I shall turn you out еще одно слово, и я выставлю тебя вон; it wanted only this last outrage только этого последнего безобразия не хватало; I may want you suddenly вы мне можете неожиданно понадобиться; want smb. somewhere if nobody wants me here, I am going home если я здесь никому не нужен, [я] пойду домой; I want the book back soon верните мне книгу поскорее; boss wants you back хозяин хочет, чтобы ты вернулся [на работу]; want smth. at some time shall you want anything more tonight? вам сегодня вечером еще что-нибудь понадобится?
4. VII
1) want smb. to do smth. want him to come (you to try, me to buy her this camera, you to do this at once, smb. to read to me. her to be cheerful, etc.) хотеть, чтобы он пришел и т.д.; I don't want you to be hurt я не хочу, чтобы вы пострадали

2) want smth. to do smth. the house only wants a few more rooms to be perfect если бы в этом доме было еще несколько комнат, его можно было бы считать просто великолепным; there is a volume wanting to complete the set до полного собрания не хватает одного тома; nothing is wanting to make the party a success есть все необходимое, чтобы вечер прошел хорошо
5. VIII
want smb. doing smth. usually in the negative I don't want you turning everything upside down (breaking her toys, answering their questions, etc.) я не хочу, чтобы вы перевернули здесь все вверх дном и т.д.
6. IX
want smth. done want the book published (these shoes resoled, this tree cut down, the door painted white, the job finished by tomorrow, etc.) хотеть, чтобы книгу издали и т.д.; I don't want it known я не хочу, чтобы это стало известно; he wants this report typed ему надо перепечатать этот доклад
7. XI
1) be wanted call me if I'm wanted позовите меня, если я понадоблюсь; I won't go if (where) I'm not wanted я не пойду [туда], если я там (где я) лишний; these books are not wanted эти книги лишние; be wanted for smth. am I wanted for anything? вам нужна моя помощь?; be wanted in some manner help is urgently wanted срочно требуется помощь; be wanted at some time you won't be wanted this afternoon вы сегодня больше не потребуетесь /не понадобитесь/; be wanted somewhere you are wanted at the door (at the president's office, etc.) вас вызывают /просят/ [подойти] к выходу и т.д.; you are wanted on the phone вас просят [подойти] к телефону; it may be wanted elsewhere это может где-нибудь потребоваться

2) be wanted by smb., smth. he is wanted by the police (by law, by the government, by the authorities, etc.) его разыскивает полиция и т.д.; be wanted for smth. he is wanted for highway robbery (for murder, etc.) его разыскивают [власти] по обвинению в краже и т.д.; wanted a cook for a small family ищу кухарку /нужна кухарка/ в небольшую семьи (объявление)
8. XIII
want to do smth.

1) want to teach him a lesson (to go, to taste it, to ask you a question, to go swimming, to see what is going on, etc.) хотеть проучить его в т.д.; he could have done it if he had wanted to он мог бы это сделать, если бы захотел

2) coll. you want to see a doctor at once (to have your teeth seen to, to be very careful in handling poisons, etc.) вам необходимо немедленно пойти к врачу и т.д.; this work wants to be done with great care эту работу следует сделать с большой тщательностью; you don't want to be rude (to overdo it) не надо /не следует/ грубить (перебарщивать)
9. XIV
want doing smth. coll. his hair wants cutting ему нужно постричься; these clothes want washing (ironing) эту одежду надо выстирать (погладить /выгладить/); that boy wants a good beating /thrashing, whipping/ этого мальчишку надо хорошенько выпороть, этому мальчишке нужно всыпать как следует; it wants some doing это не так легко сделать
10. XVI
1) want for smth. usually in the negative he does not want for spirit (for temper, for pluck, etc.) энтузиазма и т.д. ему не занимать

2) want for smth. want for bread (for the common necessaries of life, etc.) нуждаться в хлебе и т.д.; they want for nothing они ни в чем не нуждаются; be wanting in smth. he is wanting in experience (in skill, in courtesy, in judg(e)ment, in initiative, etc.) ему не хватает опыта и т.д.; he is lamentably wanting in common sense у него крайне мало здравого смысла
11. XXI1
1) want smth. from /of/ (with) smb. want help from the neighbours хотеть, чтобы соседи помогли; what do you want from /of/ him? что вы от него хотите?, что вам от него нужно?; what do you want with him? зачем он вам понадобился?; want smth. for smth. what price do you want for your house? сколько вы хотите за [ваш] дом?; want smb. for smb. want smb. for president (for our captain, etc.) хотеть, чтобы кто-л. стал президентом и т.д.; what do you want me for? зачем я вам нужен?; want smb. for some time I want you for a minute or two вы мне нужны на минутку

2) want smth. to /of, till/ smth. it wants ten minutes to two (an hour till dinner, five minutes to noon, a few days to Christmas, etc.) через десять минут будет ровно два [часа] и т.д.; I want some months of /to/ eighteen через несколько месяцев мне будет восемнадцать; it wants an inch of /to/ the regulation measurement до установленного размера не хватает одного дюйма; the fund wants only a few hundred dollars of the sum needed до нужной суммы в фонде не хватает всего несколько сот долларов
12. XXV
want that... I want that you should come (that they should go, that he should bring the book, etc.) я хочу, чтобы вы пришли и т.д.

English-Russian dictionary of verb phrases > want
20 برز

بَرَزَ \ arise, (arose, arisen): to come up and be noticed (of storm, trouble, etc.): A serious difficulty has arisen. come on the scene: to make an effective appearance: Britain was losing the war until Churchill came on the scene. come out: to appear: Our roses are coming out. emerge: to come out from a place where one could not be seen; appear: He emerged from his hiding place. The moon emerged from behind the clouds. figure: to appear (in a story or report): Well-known sportsmen often figure in the newspaper. jutt: (always with out) to stand out: An overflow pipe jutted out from the wall of the house. project: to stick out: That branch projects over the wall. protrude: stick out: The letter-box was full, and one letter protruded from the opening. stand out: to be easily seen; to be especially noticeable: Bright colours stand out against a dark surface behind them. \ See Also ظَهَرَ (جَلِيًّا) (لَعِبَ دورًا)، نشأ (نَشَأَ)‏ \ بَرَزَ \ flash: to appear or move very quickly and suddenly: A thought flashed through my mind. The car flashed past me. \ See Also لمع (لَمَع)، اِنْطَلَق فجأة وبسُرعة \ بَرَزَ أو طَفا فجأة \ bob, bob up: to float quickly to the surface. \ بَرْزَخ \ isthmus: a narrow stretch of land with sea on either side that joins two large areas of land: the isthmus of Panama. \ See Also مضيق (مَضِيق)‏

Arabic-English dictionary > برز

См. также в других словарях:

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Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

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(make known suddenly)

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Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

Перевод: со всех языков на все языки

(make known suddenly)

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